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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The impact of vertical resolution upon GCM simulations of marine stratocumulus (1999)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 15 (1999), S. 293-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  The impact of increased vertical resolution in the Hadley Centre Climate Model upon the simulation of stratocumulus is investigated in experiments using single column (SCM) and general circulation (GCM) model configurations. A threefold enhancement of vertical resolution in the boundary layer leads to improvements in the vertical structure of the cloud-topped boundary layer produced by the SCM and GCM in both well-mixed and decoupled situations. However, single and decoupled mixed layers in the marine stratocumulus subsidence regions are still too shallow and, despite increasing, layer cloud amounts remain generally too low. Moreover, closer examination of GCM data and SCM timeseries reveals an underlying sensitivity to vertical resolution in model interactions between boundary layer and convection processes which appears unrealistic. Stratocumulus simulation is thus unlikely to improve significantly as a result of enhanced resolution alone and further work is being undertaken to improve the Hadley Centre model’s boundary layer scheme and, in particular, its interaction with the convection scheme. Nevertheless, this study shows that the full benefit of an improved boundary layer scheme will not be realized if the boundary layer structure is constrained by the rather poor lower troposphere resolution of the standard 19-level climate model. Future Hadley Centre model versions will seek to combine the added flexibility of a better resolved structure with improvements to the subgrid boundary layer parametrizations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003820050283
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An apoptosis-inducing genotoxin differentiates heterozygotic carriers for Werner helicase mutations from wild-type and homozygous mutants (1997)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 101 (1997), S. 121-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Immortalized B lymphocytes from Werner syndrome subjects are shown to be hypersensitive to 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO), supporting earlier work on T lymphocytes. We also show that B cell lines from clinically normal heterozygous carriers exhibit sensitivities to this genotoxic agent, which are intermediate to those of wild-type and homozygous mutants. 4NQO is shown to induce an apoptotic response. These data encourage research on DNA repair with such cell lines and raise the question of an enhanced sensitivity of the relatively prevalent heterozygous carriers to certain environmental genotoxic agents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004390050599
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The predation of predispersed Juncus squarrosus seeds by Coleophora alticolella (Lepidoptera) larvae over a range of altitudes in northern England (1986)
    Springer
    Oecologia 69 (1986), S. 460-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seed production by the rush Juncus squarrosus and its subsequent predation by the larvae of the moth Coleophora alticolella were measured at a series of sites at different altitudes in northern England. The density of seeds produced is progressively reduced with increasing altitude. The density of larvae was greatest in the middle region of the transect. Seed predation was therefore highest at about 300 m. Predation was reduced to nil above 520 m, where the larvae were absent, but remained between 40 and 50% below 250 m. The density of predispersed seed surviving was greatest at the lowest site where the highest density of seeds was produced and predation was moderate. The lowest densities of surviving seeds were found around 300 m and also above 600 m where there was no predation but few seeds were produced. A similar density survived around 520 m as at 245 m, although the density of seed produced at 520 m was less than 30% of that at 245 m. The results are discussed in relation to the population dynamics of the moth in different parts of its altitudinal distribution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377069
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of radical-scavenging enzymes and reduced oxygen exposure on growth and chromosome abnormalities of Werner syndrome cultured skin fibroblasts (1981)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 57 (1981), S. 269-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two sister strains of skin fibroblast-like (FL) cells from a patient with Werner's syndrome (adult progeria) were grown in regular tissue culture medium or medium supplemented with the radical-scavenging enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase. Differences in proliferative potential were shown to be due to strain variation rather than to treatment with the enzymes. Two independent strains were also grown in ambient (18%) or reduced (1%) concentrations of oxygen. All cultures (untreated, treated with enzymes, treated with reduced oxygen exposure) displayed the limited in vitro growth potential and cytogenetic abnormality characteristic of Werner's syndrome FL cells; thus the underlying defect in Werner's syndrome does not appear to be related to defective protection against or repair of damage by free radicals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00278942
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interphase flow-cytogenetics: Correlation of DNA fluorescence to aneuploidy in human fibroblast cultures (1982)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 61 (1982), S. 246-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Improvements in the accuracy of DNA content determination by flow cytometry might allow the detection of aneuploidy in interphase cells to serve as an adjunct to conventional cytogenetics. We compared alternate methods of staining and fluorescence standardization in analyses of human diploid and constitutionally aneuploid cultured fibroblast-like cells. Optimum results were obtained using the dye DAPI (4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) and an avian red blood cell standard. The standard error of the estimate of DNA content by this technique was 0.7%–0.96%, approaching more closely than previously the range necessary for reliable discrimination of numerical chromosomal aberrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296451
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cultivated cells from diagnostic amniocentesis in second trimester pregnancies (1975)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 29 (1975), S. 285-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Four independent fetal urine specimens yielded clonal growth. The mature colonies were similar to certain classes of amniotic fluid cell clones, and to those obtained from fetal kidney. Kidney specific LDH isozyme patterns, however, were not observed in any of these primary clones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00394190
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Systematic growth studies, cocultivation, and cell hybridization studies of Werner syndrome cultured skin fibroblasts (1981)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 58 (1981), S. 310-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The growth of 20 independently derived skin fibroblastlike (FL) cell strains from three individuals with Werner syndrome (adult progeria) was compared with the growth of ten FL cell strains from normal individuals. Population growth rates and total replicative life spans of Werner syndrome strains averaged 55% and 27%, respectively, of the growth rates and life spans of non-Werner strains. In the first few passages, four Werner syndrome strains demonstrated population growth rates in the low normal range, but the longest-lived Werner syndrome strain had only 75% of the total replicative potential of the shortest-lived normal strain. Exponential growth rates, cloning efficiencies, and saturation densities of Werner strains were also reduced, whereas cell attachment was normal. Viable cells (identified by dye exclusion) were maintained in post-replicative Werner syndrome and control cultures for periods of at least 10 months; there was no evidence of accelerated post-replicative senescence or cell death of Werner syndrome FL cells. Cocultivation of Werner syndrome and normal strains did not influence population growth rates of either strain. Two proliferating hybrid clones were obtained from fusions of normal and Werner syndrome FL cell strains and these hybrids displayed the reduced growth potential typical of Werner syndrome FL cells. These studies confirm that low growth rate and sharply reduced replicative life span are characteristic of cultured skin FL cells from patients with Werner syndrome, and they suggest that these characteristics are not affected by complementation with non-Werner FL cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294930
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Introduction: genetic determinants of mid- and late-life dementias (1998)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 54 (1998), S. 895-896 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Key words. Dementia; Alzheimer's disease; presenilins; β-amyloid; frontotemporal dementia; apolipoprotein E.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We introduce a series of papers dealing with genetic aspects of a subset of dementias of mid-life and late-life in order to illustrate four principles. First, there appear to be many genetic loci with the potential to modulate susceptibility to such dementias. Second, most of those so far discovered are autosomal dominants and none are autosomal recessives. Third, the autosomal dominant mutations are individually rare. Their frequencies in a given population are likely to be functions of genetic drift. Fourth, despite their rarity, they may inform us about the pathogenesis of more common late-life dementias, notably dementias of the Alzheimer type, which have polygenic determinants. The most important such modulation so far discovered involves polymorphic forms of the APOE locus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000180050217
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermally stimulated current measurements on vapour-grown HgI2 (1976)
    Springer
    Applied physics 10 (1976), S. 93-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 29
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Two ways of performing the Thermally Stimulated Current (TSC) experiment have been used to investigate vapour grown HgI2:i) under light excitation, four peaks are observed at 104, 158, 210, 240 K; ii) under bias excitation, two types of spectra have been obtained with peaks around 160, 240K (type I) and 182, 280 K (type II), respectively. The activation energies have been estimated to be 0.38 eV for the peak showing up at 182 K, and 1.05 eV for the one at 280 K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00929534
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dimethyl sulfoxide enhances polyethylene glycol-mediated somatic cell fusion (1976)
    Springer
    Somatic cell and molecular genetics 2 (1976), S. 263-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9931
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The efficiency of fusion of human diploid cells by polyethylene glycol was greatly enhanced by addition of dimethyl sulfoxide. The extent of fusion was directly proportional to the concentrations of both of these compounds. At all except the highest concentrations, cell loss was moderate to minimal and perturbation of cell cycle function as measured by [3H]thymidine labeling indices and mitotic indices was minimal in the surviving cells. This technique is potentially useful for heterokaryon studies as well as for the isolation of hybrids of mammalian somatic cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01538964
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