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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accelerated loss of telomeric repeats may not explain accelerated replicative decline of Werner syndrome cells (1996)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 97 (1996), S. 750-754 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The Werner syndrome (WS) is characterized by the premature onset and accelerated rates of development of major geriatric disorders, including atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, ocular cataracts, and various neoplasms. Cultures of WS skin-fibroblastlike cells have been previously shown to undergo accelerated rates of decline of their replicative potentials and to exhibit variegated chromosomal translocations and deletions. Since the replicative decline of normal somatic cells is associated with a loss of telomeric repeats, we investigated the kinetics of telomeric repeat loss in WS cells. The mean length of telomere restriction fragments (TRF) from the earliest passages of WS cells studied was not shorter than those of controls, possibly reflecting selective pressure for subsets of cells with relatively high residual replicative capacity. Statistical evidence indicated an accelerated shortening of TRF length in serially passaged WS cultures, but the mean TRF lengths of WS cultures that had ceased replicating were significantly longer than those of senescent controls. Thus, while accelerated loss of telomeric repeats could potentially explain the rapid decline in proliferation of WS cells, it is possible that WS cells exit the cell cycle via mechanisms that differ from those of replicatively senescent cells from control subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004390050131
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accelerated loss of telomeric repeats may not explain accelerated replicative decline of Werner syndrome cells (1996)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 97 (1996), S. 750-754 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The Werner syndrome (WS) is characterized by the premature onset and accelerated rate of development of major geriatric disorders, including atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, ocular cataracts, and various neoplasms. Cultures of WS skin-fibroblastlike cells have been previously shown to undergo accelerated rates of decline of their replicative potentials and to exhibit variegated chromosomal translocations and deletions. Since the replicative decline of normal somatic cells is associated with a loss of telomeric repeats, we investigated the kinetics of telomeric repeat loss in WS cells. The mean length of telomere restriction fragments (TRF) from the earliest passages of WS cells studied was not shorter than those of controls, possibly reflecting selective pressure for subsets of cells with relatively high residual replicative capacity. Statistical evidence indicated an accelerated shortening of TRF length in serially passaged WS cultures, but the mean TRF lengths of WS cultures that had ceased replicating were significantly longer than those of senescent controls. Thus, while accelerated loss of telomeric repeats could potentially explain the rapid decline in proliferation of WS cells, it is possible that WS cells exit the cell cycle via mechanisms that differ from those of replicatively senescent cells from control subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02346184
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution and heat-treatment migration studies of Cr implanted GaAs by SIMS (1980)
    Springer
    Applied physics 23 (1980), S. 21-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 65 ; 68 ; 79.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Depth profiles of 190 keV Cr implanted-GaAs have been measured by SIMS analysis. The as-implanted Cr profiles are approximately Gaussian with good agreement between theory and experiment on the projected range. A fast migration of Cr is observed after heat treatment under encapsulation, and even as soon as the silicon nitride film is deposited. There is no evidence for Cr precipitation, even in the case of the largest implanted dose (1015 cm−2).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00899565
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clonal variants of constitutive heterochromatin of human fibroblasts after recovery from mitomycin treatment (1973)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 43 (1973), S. 203-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Presumptive clones of human skin fibroblast-like cells surviving mitomycin C treatments show a variety of intra- and interchromosomal rearrangements limited to the constitutive heterochromatic regions. Starting with a wild-type line polymorphic for chromosome no. 1 heterochromatin, we have observed clones with complete symmetry and varying degrees of asymmetry of the no. 1 heterochromatin, translocations of “excess” chromosome 1 heterochromatin to one no. 9 member, interstitial translocations to sites normally devoid of heterochromatin, and duplication of the Y chromosome long arm heterochromatin. In the case of the chromosome no. 1 pair, the extent of heterochromatin variation was quantitated to test the hypothesis that discrete classes of variants occur. There appear to be two types of variants: Those showing reciprocal changes between homologues (2 examples) and those showing a change in the amount of heterochromatin of a single homologue (5 examples). The latter group showed an approximately linear series of variants. Unequal cross-over following repair after damage from the alkylating agent is considered the most likely explanation for the observed changes, given the repetitive nature of DNA at these heterochromatic sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00483379
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The impact of vertical resolution upon GCM simulations of marine stratocumulus (1999)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 15 (1999), S. 293-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  The impact of increased vertical resolution in the Hadley Centre Climate Model upon the simulation of stratocumulus is investigated in experiments using single column (SCM) and general circulation (GCM) model configurations. A threefold enhancement of vertical resolution in the boundary layer leads to improvements in the vertical structure of the cloud-topped boundary layer produced by the SCM and GCM in both well-mixed and decoupled situations. However, single and decoupled mixed layers in the marine stratocumulus subsidence regions are still too shallow and, despite increasing, layer cloud amounts remain generally too low. Moreover, closer examination of GCM data and SCM timeseries reveals an underlying sensitivity to vertical resolution in model interactions between boundary layer and convection processes which appears unrealistic. Stratocumulus simulation is thus unlikely to improve significantly as a result of enhanced resolution alone and further work is being undertaken to improve the Hadley Centre model’s boundary layer scheme and, in particular, its interaction with the convection scheme. Nevertheless, this study shows that the full benefit of an improved boundary layer scheme will not be realized if the boundary layer structure is constrained by the rather poor lower troposphere resolution of the standard 19-level climate model. Future Hadley Centre model versions will seek to combine the added flexibility of a better resolved structure with improvements to the subgrid boundary layer parametrizations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003820050283
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An apoptosis-inducing genotoxin differentiates heterozygotic carriers for Werner helicase mutations from wild-type and homozygous mutants (1997)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 101 (1997), S. 121-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Immortalized B lymphocytes from Werner syndrome subjects are shown to be hypersensitive to 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO), supporting earlier work on T lymphocytes. We also show that B cell lines from clinically normal heterozygous carriers exhibit sensitivities to this genotoxic agent, which are intermediate to those of wild-type and homozygous mutants. 4NQO is shown to induce an apoptotic response. These data encourage research on DNA repair with such cell lines and raise the question of an enhanced sensitivity of the relatively prevalent heterozygous carriers to certain environmental genotoxic agents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004390050599
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The predation of predispersed Juncus squarrosus seeds by Coleophora alticolella (Lepidoptera) larvae over a range of altitudes in northern England (1986)
    Springer
    Oecologia 69 (1986), S. 460-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seed production by the rush Juncus squarrosus and its subsequent predation by the larvae of the moth Coleophora alticolella were measured at a series of sites at different altitudes in northern England. The density of seeds produced is progressively reduced with increasing altitude. The density of larvae was greatest in the middle region of the transect. Seed predation was therefore highest at about 300 m. Predation was reduced to nil above 520 m, where the larvae were absent, but remained between 40 and 50% below 250 m. The density of predispersed seed surviving was greatest at the lowest site where the highest density of seeds was produced and predation was moderate. The lowest densities of surviving seeds were found around 300 m and also above 600 m where there was no predation but few seeds were produced. A similar density survived around 520 m as at 245 m, although the density of seed produced at 520 m was less than 30% of that at 245 m. The results are discussed in relation to the population dynamics of the moth in different parts of its altitudinal distribution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377069
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of radical-scavenging enzymes and reduced oxygen exposure on growth and chromosome abnormalities of Werner syndrome cultured skin fibroblasts (1981)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 57 (1981), S. 269-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two sister strains of skin fibroblast-like (FL) cells from a patient with Werner's syndrome (adult progeria) were grown in regular tissue culture medium or medium supplemented with the radical-scavenging enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase. Differences in proliferative potential were shown to be due to strain variation rather than to treatment with the enzymes. Two independent strains were also grown in ambient (18%) or reduced (1%) concentrations of oxygen. All cultures (untreated, treated with enzymes, treated with reduced oxygen exposure) displayed the limited in vitro growth potential and cytogenetic abnormality characteristic of Werner's syndrome FL cells; thus the underlying defect in Werner's syndrome does not appear to be related to defective protection against or repair of damage by free radicals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00278942
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interphase flow-cytogenetics: Correlation of DNA fluorescence to aneuploidy in human fibroblast cultures (1982)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 61 (1982), S. 246-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Improvements in the accuracy of DNA content determination by flow cytometry might allow the detection of aneuploidy in interphase cells to serve as an adjunct to conventional cytogenetics. We compared alternate methods of staining and fluorescence standardization in analyses of human diploid and constitutionally aneuploid cultured fibroblast-like cells. Optimum results were obtained using the dye DAPI (4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) and an avian red blood cell standard. The standard error of the estimate of DNA content by this technique was 0.7%–0.96%, approaching more closely than previously the range necessary for reliable discrimination of numerical chromosomal aberrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296451
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cultivated cells from diagnostic amniocentesis in second trimester pregnancies (1975)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 29 (1975), S. 285-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Four independent fetal urine specimens yielded clonal growth. The mature colonies were similar to certain classes of amniotic fluid cell clones, and to those obtained from fetal kidney. Kidney specific LDH isozyme patterns, however, were not observed in any of these primary clones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00394190
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