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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The permeation of organic cations through cAMP-gated channels in mammalian olfactory receptor neurons (1995)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 146 (1995), S. 177-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Olfactory receptor neuron ; Dendritic knob ; CyclicAMP ; Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel ; Monovalent organic cations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The permeation of monovalent organic cations through adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate-(cAMP) activated channels was studied by recording macroscopic currents in excised inside-out membrane patches from the dendritic knobs of isolated mammalian olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). Current-voltage relations were measured when bathing solution Na+ was replaced by monovalent organic cations. Permeability ratios relative to Na+ ions were calculated from changes in reversal potentials. Some of the small organic cations tested included ammonium (NH 4 + ), hydroxylammonium and formamidinium, with relative permeability ratios of 1.41, 2.3 and 1.01 respectively. The larger methylated and ethylated ammonium ions studied included: DMA (dimethylammonium), TMA (tetramethylammonium) and TEA (tetraethylammonium) and they all had permeability ratios larger than 0.09. Even large cations such as choline, arginine and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) were appreciably permeant through the cAMP-activated channel with permeability ratios ranging from 0.19 to 0.7. The size of the permeating cations, as assessed by molecular weight, was a good predictor of the permeability. The permeability sequence of the cAMP-activated channel in our study was PNH4 〉 PNa 〉 pDMA 〉 pTMA 〉 PCholine 〉 PTEA. Higher permeability ratios of hydroxylammonium, arginine and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane cannot be explained by ionic size alone. Our results indicate that: (i) cAMP-activated channels poorly select between monovalent cations; (ii) the pore dimension must be at least 6.5 × 6.5 Å, in order to allow TEA and Tris to permeate and (iii) molecular sieving must be an important mechanism for the permeation of large organic ions through the channels with specific ion binding playing a smaller role than in other structurally similar channels. In addition, the results clearly indicate that cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels in different cells are not the same, the olfactory CNG channel being different from that of the photoreceptors, particularly with respect to the permeation of large organic cations, which the ORN channels allow to permeate readily.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238007
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polysaccharide synthesis by capsular microorganisms in coculture with cellulolytic fungi on straw and stabilization of soil aggregates (1985)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 1 (1985), S. 161-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Microorganisms ; Polysaccharide ; SoilStabilization ; Straw
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Studies using cocultures of a cellulolytic fungus with a capsular organism show that microbial polysaccharides can be synthesized during the degradation of wheat straw. Polysaccharide accounted for up to 1.6% (w/w) of the initial straw weight but the sugar composition and viscosity indicated that a large fraction was low molecular weight material of plant origin. Nevertheless several cocultures produced sufficient microbial polysaccharide effectively to stabilize aggregates of Hamble silt loam. This correlated significantly with increased viscosity and also stabilization of Mount St. Helens volcanic ash. Four cocultures, Sordaria alcina with two strains of Enterobacter cloacae and a Pseudomonas sp. and Trichoderma harzianum with E. cloacae, were significantly more effective than a natural inoculum from straw. Inoculation of straw to produce a “compost” which can increase the stability of poorly structured soils is suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301784
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prospects for control of Pythium damping-off of lettuce with Trichoderma, Gliocladium and Enterobacter spp. (1991)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 12 (1991), S. 95-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Lettuce ; Damping-off ; Biocontrol ; Trichoderma ; Enterobacter ; Gliocladium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Damping-off of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) caused by Pythium ultimum was studied in pots containing a non-sterile potting mix in the glasshouse. Fifty P. ultimum sporangia g-1 compost reduced the plant stand to 15% and shoot dry weight to 18%, but this reduction was totally prevented by applying Trichoderma harzianum at 2×105 viable propagules g-1 potting mix. Gliocladium virens and Enterobacter cloacae also alleviated the damping-off. E. cloacae did not adversely affect the action of the fungal antagonists. The co-existence of the bacterial and fungal antagonists was revealed on the root surface and inner surface of the testa by scanning electron microscopy, indicating the compatibility of the biocontrol agents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00341482
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil enzyme activities in the rhizosphere of field-grown sugar beet inoculated with the biocontrol agent Pseudomonas fluorescens F113 (1998)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 27 (1998), S. 39-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Enzymatic activities ; Biocontrol inoculant ; Pseudomonas ; Risk assessment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Pseudomonas fluorescens F113, which produces the antimicrobial compound 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol, is a prospective biocontrol agent. Soil enzyme activities were used to investigate the ecological impact of strain F113 in the rhizosphere of field-grown sugar beet. There were distinct trends in rhizosphere enzyme activities in relation to soil chemistry [determined by electro-ultrafiltration (EUF)]. The activities of enzymes from the P cycle (acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and phosphodiesterase) and of arylsulphatase were negatively correlated with the amount of readily available P, whereas urease activity was positively correlated with the latter. Significant correlations between nutrient levels determined by EUF and enzyme activities in the rhizosphere were obtained, highlighting the usefulness of enzyme assays to document variations in soil nutrient cycling. Contrary to previous microcosm studies, which did not investigate plants grown to maturity, the biocontrol inoculant had no effect on enzyme activities or on soil chemistry in the rhizosphere. The results showed the importance of using homogenous soil microcosm systems, also employed in previous work, for risk assessment studies, whereby the effects of inherent soil variability were minimised, and effects of the pseudomonad on soil enzymology could be detected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050397
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Varietal and fertilizer effects on straw phytotoxins (1986)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 2 (1986), S. 109-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Straw ; Phytotoxins ; Acetic Acid ; Wheat ; Barley ; Cultivar ; Nitrogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Acetic acid production over 10 days from fresh barley straw was greater than that from fresh wheat straw, but there were only minor consistent differences between different cultivars. The effect depended on the soil type on which the straw had been produced and acid production was greatest with the largest amounts of N fertilizer which had been used. The fertilizer also affected the C:N ratio of the straw
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257588
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aerobic composting of plant wastes and their effect on the yield of ryegrass and tomatoes (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 20-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Compost quality ; Inoculation ; Waste ; Yield ; Nitrate concentration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Vine branches, rice husks and flax residues were composted. The dynamics of biomass carbon, C/N ratios and nitrification were studied. The highest quality level and the most stabilized composts with the highest values of total N (1.3–1.6%) and the smallest C/N ratios (8.0–9.0) were found with the vine branch composts. Compost application significantly increased the yield of tomatoes (24.0–61.1%) and the quality of fruits compared to soil treated with mineral fertilizers and manure. Inoculation of the vine branch compost with a Cephalosporium sp. had a positive effect on the yield and the quality of both ryegrass and tomatoes. The stabilization of the microbial biomass C level in the composts coincided with the beginning of intensive nitrification. Inoculation lowered the conductivity values and nitrate contents in all composts. It appeared that when nitrate N concentrations in the composts were more than 5% of the total N, NO3 accumulation in the fruits could result. However, the results can be applied to similar substrates and conditions of composting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335813
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term suppression of Pythium ultimum in arid soil using fresh and composted municipal wastes (2000)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 30 (2000), S. 478-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Arid soil ; Municipal organic waste ; Organic matter ; Biocontrol ; Pythium ultimum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  The effect of addition of municipal solid waste (MSW) at different degrees of stabilisation on the biological properties of an arid soil was studied 24 months after application. This included effects on the indigenous soil microflora and soil enzyme activities in the presence and absence of Pythium ultimum. The addition of organic waste (fresh or composted) reduced populations of culturable bacteria and fungi and disease symptoms caused by P. ultimum, and resulted in heavier plants with longer and more extensively branched roots. Addition of organic waste increased the population size of culturable bacteria and fungi, while enzymatic activity of the soil was higher in soil amended with organic matter than in non-amended soil. Populations of biological control agents, such as Trichoderma and fluorescent pseudomonads, were larger in soil amended with organic matter. The addition of urban waste could therefore be a suitable technique with which to restore soil quality by stimulating biological control against plant pathogens such as P. ultimum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050026
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrotalcite Thermal Decomposition Mechanism: In Situ Study by XRD, AWAXS and EXAFS of a Layered Catalyst Precursor (1996)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 228-231 (July 1996), p. 347-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/02/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.228-231.347.pdf
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    INTRODUCTORY REMARKS (1963)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 108 (1963), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1963.tb13386.x
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure elucidation of platelet activating factor derived from human neutrophils
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 121 (1984), S. 815-825 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-291X(84)90751-4
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