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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Female-infant interactions among free-ranging stumptail macaques (Macaca arctoides) (1984)
    Springer
    Primates 25 (1984), S. 48-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The friendly and aggressive behaviors directed by females other than the mother to the troop's infants were recorded during a six-month long study of stumptail macaques living on an island. A great deal of friendly contacts were directed by the females toward the troop's infants. Juvenile females interacted with infants mainly through social play while adult females directed passive contacts (e.g., touch-hand) to them. While the adult females displayed more care contacts toward male infants the juvenile females preferred the female infants. The social position of the infant's mother in the troop and the attention it received from the males regulated the caring behavior an infant received from the females.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382295
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Establishment of a free-ranging colony of Stumptail macaques (Macaca arctoides): Relations to the ecology I (1976)
    Springer
    Primates 17 (1976), S. 337-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A group of 20 Stumptail macaques was released free on the island of Totogochillo in lake Catemaco, Veracruz, Mexico, on August 15 of 1974. Initial adaptations to the island geography and ecology are reported for the first 83 days of observation. The island of Totogochillo is a lava formed island with vegetation type consisting of secondary tropical rain forest. The Stumptail group composition consisted of one adult male, five adult female and 14 non adult individuals. Individuals and matrilineal genealogies are identifiable. Home range is limited by the island's size. The macaques only have one sleeping site. The use of resting areas seems to be related to variations in the travelling and foraging patterns of the Stumptails. Five travelling routes have been identified and changes in these are associated to changes in the availability and distribution of natural edibles. Feeding adaptations consitst of consumption of vegetal matter such as leaves, seeds, roots, flowers, and tree bark. Of 65 major plant species identified the Stumptails consume 28% (N: 18). Sex differences in foods eaten were not observed but age differences do exist. The macaques prey on crickets, spiders, birds, and water snails. A food pressures is suggested to induce the monkeys to locate new food resources. Predators on the island are not existent but avian predators are present in the area. The Stumptails respond to their presence with alarm calls and an attack by a hawk on the group was witnessed. Sentinele behaviour was performed by an adult female while protecting and scouting were carried out by the adult male in the group. During the course of the study four deaths occurred, two infants were born and on November 7th, 12 more Stumptails were released on the island. Continuing research consists of studies of the ontogeny of social relations and of the sexual behaviour in the Stumptail group against a background of known social structural relations and kinship ties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382790
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Establishment of a free-ranging colony of stumptail macaques (Macaca arctoides): Social relations I (1977)
    Springer
    Primates 18 (1977), S. 647-676 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Data on the social behaviour of a free-ranging troop of Stumptail macaques are reported for a period starting of August 15th to November 7th of 1974. Positive interactions take a greater part in the daily life of the troop than negative interactions. Individuals order themselves in an essentially linear dominance hierarchy and offspring rank immediately below their mother. Agonism and displacement are good predictors of dominance rank. Dominant individuals are a strong source of attraction for subordinates and the alpha male is a powerful social magnet for immatures. Grooming was found to be correlated with dominance rank and individuals holding adjacent ranks tend to interact positively with one another. To gain access to dominant females, subordinates direct a great deal of positive behaviour to the female’s youngest offspring. As social distance decreases the selection of a social partner becomes more strict and tends toward adjacency. However, factors such as motherhood, genealogical ties, and special relationships with non adjacent individuals, can override the tendency. The direction and quantity of male-care displayed by the adult male and by juvenile males toward younger individuals was found to be influenced by the troop’s dominance patterns. Sex differences were found to exist in male-care received and a negative association was found with the age of the receiver. Adult females are the main regulators of social relations and their rank and friendships provide their offspring with the social format, before puberty, in which they develop socially. The alpha male is the group protector, the performer of policing, an important element in the immatures’ social development, and a powerful source of attraction for all troop members.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02383141
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in social structure and interactions after the introduction of a second group in a free-ranging troop of stumptail macaques (Macaca arctoides): Social relations II (1978)
    Springer
    Primates 19 (1978), S. 665-680 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Data on the social changes that occurred after the release of 12 additional stumptails into a free-ranging group are reported here. In spite of the fact that the members of the two groups had known each other for years, that genealogical relatives were re-united and that there were no limitations exerted by spatial conditions and social density, the release produced dramatic increments in aggressive and other social interactions. The resident group's alpha male was killed by two newcomer males, a restructuring of the dominance order took place, and the adult females were found to be important individuals in the re-establishment of stability. Comparisons with group formation and re-introduction experiments conducted in captive rhesus and pigtail macaques were carried out.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02373634
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anthropogenic landscape changes and avian diversity at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico (1997)
    Springer
    Biodiversity and conservation 6 (1997), S. 19-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9710
    Keywords: tropical rain forest ; Mexico ; Los Tuxtlas ; bird diversity ; conservation.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Faced with rapid and extensive conversion of tropical rain forests to a landscape consisting of pasture lands, and with the need to preserve the avian diversity of tropical regions, it is imperative to determine how different species have responded to anthropogenic alterations of their natural habitats. We sampled birds in undisturbed and disturbed forest islands in regenerating forests and in four replicates of each of the following man-made habitats: arboreal agricultural habitats (cacao, coffee, mixed, citrus and allspice), non-arboreal agricultural habitats (corn, jalapen~o chili pepper and bananas), live fences and pastures, at Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico. We censused 22145 birds representing 226 species. We detected 79% of the species in forest habitats, 80% in agricultural habitats, 43% in live fences and only 5% in pastures. Isolating distance and continued disturbance by humans of forest fragments were important variables influencing species' richness. Arboreal agricultural habitats and live fences were richer in species and in birds than non-arboreal man-made habitats. Economic surveys showed that some of the crops investigated yield higher returns than cattle ranching based on pastures. We discuss the conservation value for birds of agricultural islands and of live fences as landscape elements that help reduce physical and biotic isolation among remaining configurations of forest fragments in Los Tuxtlas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018328930981
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bird species richness in vegetation fences and in strips of residual rain forest vegetation at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico (2000)
    Springer
    Biodiversity and conservation 9 (2000), S. 1399-1416 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9710
    Keywords: bird diversity ; conservation ; corridors ; forest fragmentation ; Los Tuxtlas ; Mexico ; tropical rain forests
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Fragmentation of the lowland tropical rain forest has resulted in loss of animal and plant species and isolation of remaining populations that puts them at risk. At Los Tuxtlas, Mexico, lowland rain forests are particularly diverse in the avian fauna they contain and while most of the forests have been fragmented by human activity, many of the fragments still harbor diverse assemblages of bird species. In these landscapes, linear strips of residual rain forest vegetation along streams as well as linear strips of vegetation fences (live fences) crossing the pastures might provide some connectivity to bird populations existed in forest fragments. We investigated bird species richness and relative abundance in one 6-km long section of live fences (LF) bordering a dirt road and in two 6-km long sections of residual forest vegetation along a river (MR) and one permanent stream (BS). We used point count procedures which resulted in the count of 2984 birds representing 133 species. At the LF site we detected 74% of the species, 72% at the BS site and 57% at the MR site. Only 38% of the species were common among sites. Neotropical migratory birds accounted for 34–41% of the species counted at all sites. While edge and open habitat birds accounted for 6–10% of the species and for 50% of the records at the three vegetation strips, about 90% of the species were forest birds. Distance to forest fragments and degree of disturbance of the vegetation seemed to negatively influence bird species presence at the BS and MR strips. Rarefaction analysis indicated that the LF strip was richer in species than the other two sites, but the occurrence of the three vegetation strips in the landscape seem to favor the presence of many more species. We discuss the value of these vegetation strips to birds as stepping stones in the fragmented landscape.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008935016046
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patterns of frugivore species richness and abundance in forest islands and in agricultural habitats at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico (1993)
    Springer
    Plant ecology 107-108 (1993), S. 245-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Tropical rain forest ; Los Tuxtlas ; Mexico ; Conservation ; Birds ; Mammals ; Bats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Destruction and fragmentation of tropical rain forest result in a loss of species and of generating capacity of the ecosystem via animal vectors such as seed dispersal agents. To gather quantitative data regarding this ecological problem, birds and mammals were censused in 30 forest fragments, 15 agricultural islands representing five types of vegetation (coffee, cacao, citrus, pepper and mixed-crops) and in three pastures in Los Tuxtlas, southern Veracruz, Mexico. More than 6000 animals of 257 species were detected thus suggesting the existence of a rich species pool in the fragmented landscape. Frugivores accounted for 60% of species, for 72% of individuals censured and for 85% of the total animal biomass recorded. Clusters of small forest fragments (〈100 ha) were richer in species and individuals than clusters of large area (〉100 ha) forest islands. Pastures were especially poor in forest birds and mammals. While the agricultural islands studied contributed to only 1% of the total area of vegetation sampled, they contained 58% of all species detected and 34% of all individual birds and mammals censured. Recaptures indicated inter-island movements of forest birds and mammals. Forty percent of the species were detected in forest habitats only, the rest were detected in forest and in agricultural habitats. Seeds of forest interior plants dispersed by birds and bats were detected in the agricultural habitats. The value of agricultural islands as landscape features providing some degree of biotic connectivity among fragmented animal populations is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00052227
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  • 18
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    Puerto Morelos Coral Reefs, Their Current State and Classification by a Scoring System (2020)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-08
    Description: Marine protected areas have been established as essential components for managing and protecting coral reefs to mitigate natural and anthropogenic stressors. One noteworthy example within the Mexican Caribbean is the Arrecife de Puerto Morelos National Park (APMNP), where several studies on the coral communities have been carried out since 2006. In June 2019, we conducted a study in eight sites of the APMNP applying a coral reef assessment method based on biological indicators of both the benthos and the fish communities. In this paper, we present the quantitative results of our study and provide a qualitative criterion assessing seven condition indexes through a scoring system. We also present a statistical comparison with a previous study carried out in 2016. The general status of coral reefs was classified as regular due to the low values of coral recruitment rate and biomass of key commercial fish species. However, living coral cover average was above 20%, with a slight dominance of framework building coral species and the presence of low values of fleshy algae cover, these being positive indicators. Our study found a higher proportion of reef promoter elements and a lower proportion of detractors, compared to a previous study carried out in 2016.
    Electronic ISSN: 1424-2818
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 19
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    Communicability angles reveal critical edges for network consensus dynamics (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-20
    Description: Author(s): Ernesto Estrada, Eusebio Vargas-Estrada, and Hiroyasu Ando We consider the question of determining how the topological structure influences a consensus dynamical processes taking place on a network. By considering a large data set of real-world networks we first determine that the removal of edges according to their communicability angle, an angle between p… [Phys. Rev. E 92, 052809] Published Thu Nov 19, 2015
    Keywords: Networks and Interdisciplinary Physics
    Print ISSN: 1539-3755
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-2376
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 20
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    How Peer Pressure Shapes Consensus, Leadership, and Innovations in Social Groups (2013)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-10
    Description: What is the effect of the combined direct and indirect social influences—peer pressure (PP)—on a social group's collective decisions? We present a model that captures PP as a function of the socio-cultural distance between individuals in a social group. Using this model and empirical data from 15 real-world social networks we found that the PP level determines how fast a social group reaches consensus. More importantly, the levels of PP determine the leaders who can achieve full control of their social groups. PP can overcome barriers imposed upon a consensus by the existence of tightly connected communities with local leaders or the existence of leaders with poor cohesiveness of opinions. A moderate level of PP is also necessary to explain the rate at which innovations diffuse through a variety of social groups. Scientific Reports 3 doi: 10.1038/srep02905
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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