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  • 11
  • 12
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: In the present paper we describe the on-land field operations integrated in the TOMO-ETNA experiment carried out in June-November 2014 at Mt. Etna volcano and surrounding areas. This terrestrial campaign consists in the deployment of 90 short-period portable three-component seismic stations, 17 Broadband seismometers and the coordination with 133 permanent seismic station belonging to Italy’s Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV). This temporary seismic network recorded active and passive seismic sources. Active seismic sources were generated by an array of air-guns mounted in the Spanish oceanographic vessel “Sarmiento de Gamboa” with a power capacity of up to 5200 cubic inches. In total more than 26,000 shots were fired and more than 450 local and regional earthquakes were recorded. We describe the whole technical procedure followed to guarantee the success of this complex seismic experiment. We started with the description of the location of the potential safety places to deploy the portable network and the products derived from this search (a large document including full characterization of the sites, owners and indication of how to arrive to them). A full technical description of the seismometers and seismic sources is presented. We show how the portable seismic network was deployed, maintained and recovered in different stages. The large international collaboration of this experiment is reflected in the participation of more than 75 researchers, technicians and students from different institutions and countries in the on-land activities. The main objectives of the experiment were achieved with great success.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2020-12-10
    Description: Seismic refraction, multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) and ambient noise array measurements using the wireless array analysis (WARAN) system were applied to acquire near-surface profiles of seismic velocities in the Selinunte Archaeological Park. This ancient city is famous for numerous temples, which according to the literature, were destroyed by at least two earthquakes in antiquity. The morphology of the archeological park is affected by two rivers which in combination with the temple remains suggests three study sites. We determined the subsurface velocity at these three locations as essential information for further studies of the response of the temple structures to earthquake ground motions. The stratigraphy of the site indicates that low-velocity layers might exist. Seismic refraction profiles with 69 m spread and 24 geophones were employed during the active seismic experiments. The measured P-wave velocities of the top two layers were used as a constraint during the inversion of dispersion relations from the MASW and WARAN data. The reliability of the velocity profiles was tested by forward calculation of synthetic seismograms. P-wave velocities which were not well constraint throughout the dispersion curve inversions were adjusted through suitable Poisson’s ratios based on the well constraint S-velocities. The combined use of the three different kinds of measurements and multi-mode interpretation of the dispersion curves revealed velocity profiles including low-velocity layers which are supported by de-amplification observed in ratios of horizontal and vertical components of noise spectra.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2021-03-01
    Description: The Greek necropolis of Abakainon (NE Sicily, southern Italy) was destroyed suddenly, some time after the 2nd century BC. In order to identify the destruction cause of the necropolis, we analyzed geological, geomorphological data, and site stratigraphy. Evidence on the site suggests that the observed collapse and deformation may be consistent with a seismic event. Optically Stimulated Luminescence dating constrains the age of the collapse to the 1st century AD, probably during the time-span 14e37 AD, when other nearby sites were also damaged by an earthquake, as reported by historical sources. This study contributes to a better characterization of earthquakes in the area during the first millennium AD and improves knowledge on historical seismicity in NE Sicily.
    Description: Published
    Description: 190-199
    Description: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: archaeoseismology ; historical seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2021-03-22
    Description: Simultaneous collapse of ancient historical buildings followed by sudden reconstruction, deduced from archaeological reports, provides indirect evidence for an earthquake in ancient Catania (Sicily, southern Italy). This event in the middle of the 4th century AD is consistent with the 365 AD seismic sequence known from historical sources, which report, wide destruction in Sicily and in the Mediterranean area. This period was characterized by political, economic, and social instability in the Roman empire. In this historical context, the earthquake effects may have been obscured or overlooked to some extent and consequently the documentary information on ancient earthquakes, when available, is sparse and lacking objectivity. This study covers three historical buildings in Catania and provides precise dating of earthquake destruction.
    Description: Published
    Description: 336-343
    Description: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Archaeoseismology ; Historical seismicity ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 16
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    Birkhauser Verlag,
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Many ancient structures such as temples were constructed on the basis of a very strict plan and excellent workmanship. For this reason, even their slight deformation due to various effects (ground instability, earthquake oscillations, etc.) can be identified, and it is possible to discriminate between different types of deformation due to earthquakes and those due to other natural causes or to anthropogenic effects. Two study cases are presented here: the Propylaia on the Acropolis and the temple of Hephaistos (Hephaisteion) in the Agora at Athens. In both buildings deformation was produced by earthquakes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 761-765
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Earthquake, deformation. ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The archaeological site of Capo d’Orlando, located in NE Sicily was intensively inhabited during the Roman and Byzantine periods (3rd to the 7th century AD) during which a bath complex probably associated to a large villa extending seawards was built. Archaeoseismological research shows that during the Byzantine period (6th -7th century AD) this complex suffered damage: (1) collapse of the bath, (2) tilting of parallel dry masonry walls in the same direction, and (3) cracking of the floor in the bath. This damage might have been produced by a seismic event, where the level of destruction indicates a strong shaking. The historic record of earthquakes prior to the year 1000 AD is probably not complete. Actually, only four earthquakes are vaguely reported in the seismic literature for this time span. This lack of historical reports on seismic events does not necessarily mean that any earthquakes happened. Archaeoseismic data show that the island was not quiescent but on the contrary suffered several earthquakes. The analysis presented here, based on detailed site surveys, deals principally with seismic causes but it also takes into account other possible causes with regard to the observed damage.
    Description: Published
    Description: 55-69
    Description: 3.10. Sismologia storica e archeosismologia
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: archaeoseismology ; ancient earthquake ; Capo d’Orlando ; Sicily ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In ancient times, the name “Peloro” was used to indicate an anthropic area that gradually developed around the first known human settlement on the Sicilian shore near the Straits of Messina. Since the 5th century BC, historians have documented that numerous naval armadas landed for long periods at Peloro. However, the present-day morphology of the Peloro Cape Peninsula does not have any protected inlet that would offer a location to repair hundreds of ships, as has been documented by historical sources. To address this discrepancy, geomorphologic data were collected and analyzed to verify whether historical documents were consistent with the palaeotopography of the area. This approach is based on the analysis of the morphotectonic evolution of the coastal lowland that resulted from regional uplift over the Quaternary and Holocene. The results indicate that the harbour was located in the basin of the Pantano Piccolo salt marsh, and was large and deep enough to have sheltered up to 320 ships.
    Description: Published
    Description: 38-46
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Straits of Messina ; Pantano Piccolo sault march ; Morphotectonic ; Palaeotopography modeling ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: An anisotropic attenuation law, based on an anisotropic characterization of intensity distribution for seismogenic zones, is proposed. This approach, that distinguishes itself for its consistency to the observed data, initially reconfigured by filtering procedures, is particularly suitable for seismic hazard evaluation.
    Description: Published
    Description: 707-714
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Attenuation law ; virtual intensity distribution ; seismic hazard ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 523 bytes
    Format: 326918 bytes
    Format: text/html
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The results of geological and geomorphologic surveys on the salt marsh of Ganzirri (Pantano Grande), combined with geophysical researches and historiographical data, are reported here to define the genesis of the marsh and to evaluate the physical factors that influenced its recent evolution. The genesis of the Pantano Grande may be due to a state of equilibrium reached between differential lowering of the coastal plain, confined by normal faults, and generalized chain uplift. In particular, two normal faults are considered: the first borders the northern shore of the Pantano Grande, and the second bounds the Ionian coastal plain towards the south. Concerning the recent evolution of the Pantano Grande the importance of the sterile conglomerate outcrop, which borders the Ganzirri coastal plain, is stressed. The conglomerate is interposed between sediments that define the Pantano Grande basin, and the Ionian Sea, and influenced the water exchange between the marsh and the sea. Before the excavation of two canals that link up the Pantano Grande with the sea, the conglomerate, limiting the spread of benthic species, has definitively affected the ecological structure of the original marsh.
    Description: Published
    Description: 150-158
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: tectonic, geomorphologic surveys, Ganzirri ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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