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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Aquaculture 101 (1992), S. 163-176 
    ISSN: 0044-8486
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters B 288 (1992), S. 95-98 
    ISSN: 0370-2693
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters B 327 (1994), S. 95-100 
    ISSN: 0370-2693
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
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  • 14
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    Unknown
    Oxford : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Cambridge journal of economics. 6:2 (1982:June) 145 
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 10 (1999), S. 331-336 
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We examine the possibility that SUSY particles are light, i.e. have a mass just beyond the final kinematical reach of LEP2. In this case, even if light particles are not directly detected, their virtual effects are enhanced by a “close-to-threshold” resonance in the s-channel. We find that this resonant effect is absent in the case of light sfermions, while it is enhanced in the case of light gauginos, since neutralinos and charginos add coherently in some regions of the allowed parameter space. We discuss this “virtual alliance” in detail and try to examine the possibilities of its experimental verification.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 13 (2000), S. 357-364 
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We apply a recently proposed Green function Monte Carlo procedure to the study of Hamiltonian lattice gauge theories. This class of algorithms computes quantum vacuum expectation values by averaging over a set of suitable weighted random walkers. By means of a procedure called stochastic reconfiguration the long standing problem of keeping fixed the walker population without a priori knowledge of the ground state is completely solved. In the $U(1)_2$ model, which we choose as our theoretical laboratory, we evaluate the mean plaquette and the vacuum energy per plaquette. We find good agreement with previous works using model-dependent guiding functions for the random walkers.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 14 (2000), S. 523-526 
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 74.20.-z Theories and models of superconducting state
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: For a class of generalized one dimensional Hubbard models, we study the stability region for the superconducting -pairing ground state. We exploit the Optimum Ground State (OGS) approach and the Lanczos diagonalization procedure to derive a sequence of improved bounds. We show that some pieces of the stability boundary are asymptotic, namely independent on the OGS cluster size. The phenomenon is explained by studying the properties of certain exact eigenstates of the OGS Hamiltonians.
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  • 18
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Einfluß der Temperatur auf die Korrosion von Kupfer in Meerwasser bei verschiedenen hydrostatischen DrückenUntersucht wurde der Einfluß zunehmenden hydrostatischen Drucks auf die Korrosion von Kupfer in Meerwasser (pH 7,8) bei verschiedenen Temperaturen. Die Versuche wurden bei 1, 50, 100, 200 und 300 atm sowie bei 5, 10 und 20 °C durchgeführt. Der Druck in der Anlage wurde durch eine hydropneumatische Pumpe erzeugt; die Anlage war mit einer Arbeitselektrode, zwei Platinelektroden und einer Ag/AgCl-Bezugselektrode für elektrochemische Arbeiten ausgestattet. Aufgrund der Ergebnisse wird die Korrosion von Kupfer durchweg durch Druckanstieg verstärkt und die Korrosion durch zunehmende Temperaturen weiter beschleunigt. Die größte Zunahme der Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit (71%) ergab sich bei 20 °C, 7 ppm Sauerstoff, pH 7,8 und 150 at. Bei etwa 5 °C betrug die Beschleunigung bei 150 at nicht mehr als 30%. Die Ergebnisse zeigen ferner, daß bei ≤ 10 °C der Druckanstieg nicht den anodischen, sondern nur den kathodischen Prozeß beeinflußte, während bei 20 °C auch der anodische Prozeß deutlich beschleunigt und der Druckeinfluß stärker ausgeprägt war.
    Notes: An investigation has been made of the effect which an increasing hydrostatic pressure may have on copper corrosion at different temperatures in sea water at pH 7.8.The tests were carried out at a pressure of 1, 50, 100, 200 and 300 atm at a temperature of 5 °, 10 ° and 20 °C.The pressure set in which the tests were effected was pressurized by an hydropneumatic pump and it was fitted not only with a work electrode, but also with two Pt and one Ag-AgCl reference electrodes for electrochemical tests.It was found that copper corrosion is always stimulated by a pressure rise and that the increased corrosion rate is accelerated by increasing temperatures.The maximum increase (71%) was obtained at T = 20 °C; D.O = 7.0 ppm and pH = 7.8 at a pressure of 150 atm.But at a temperature of approx. 5 °C, the maximum increase did not exceed 30% always at a pressure of 150 atm.The test findings also evidenced that at a temperature ≤ of 10 °C, the pressure rise did not affect the anodic process but only the cathodic reduction, whereas the anodic process too was significantly accelerated at 20 °C and the influence of the pressure was found to be more accentuated.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 33 (1982), S. 416-420 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Untersuchung der auf Blei in Meerwasser und in neutralen Salzlösungen entstehenden Korrosionsprodukte.Zur Identifizierung und quantitativen Bestimmung der in Meerwasser und neutralen Salzlösungen auf Blei entstehenden Korrosionsprodukte wurde eine Methode entwickelt. Sie beruht auf der selektiven Auflösung verschiedener Verbindungen in geeigneten Reagenzien (Methanol, Glycin, Kaliumnitrat u. a.) und der anschließenden chemischen Analyse der in Lösung befindlichen Elemente. Die Ergebnisse werden dann mittels Röntgenbeugung verifiziert.Diese Methode wurde benutzt zur Untersuchung der Korrosionsprodukte auf einer Bleiplatte von einem vor etwa 2000 Jahren im Golf von Toulon gesunkenen römischen Schiff.Dabei wurden die folgenden Punkte gefunden: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm PbCl}_{{\rm 2}^{\rm - } } {\rm Pb}_2 {\rm Cl}_3 {\rm OH} - 3{\rm PbCO}_3 \cdot 2{\rm Pb(OH)}_2 \cdot {\rm H}_2 {\rm O} - {\rm Pb}_2 {\rm O}_{3^ - \,} \,{\rm Pb}_4 {\rm O}_3 {\rm SO}_4 \cdot {\rm n}\,{\rm H}_2 {\rm O} - {\rm Pb}_{\rm x} {\rm S}_{{\rm y}\,} {\rm or}\,{\rm PbS}. $$\end{document}Bei Vergleichsversuchen mit Blei in Meerwasser wurden die folgenden Verbindungen festgestellt: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm PbCl}_{2^ - } {\rm PbCO}_3 \cdot {\rm PbCl}_{2^ - } {\rm Pb}_3 ({\rm CO}_3)_2 ({\rm OH})_{2^ - } {\rm PbO} - {\rm Pb}_{\rm 2} {\rm O}_3 . $$\end{document}Der Unterschied zwischen beiden Ergebnissen dürfte darauf zurückzuführen sei, daß in Meeresablagerungen durch sulfatreduzierende Bakterien Schwefelwasserstoff entsteht, der den pH-Wert verändert und damit das Gleichgewicht des Systems CO3---HCO3--CO2-SO4--HSO4- verschiebt, wodurch wieder die Art der Korrosionsprodukte verändert wird.Blei ist trotz seiner guten Korrosionsbeständigkeit in verschiedenen Medien wegen seiner schlechten mechanischen Eigenschaften in seiner praktischen Anwendung begrenzt und wird deshalb nur für Rohrleitungen, Bedeckungen u. ä. benutzt. Das gilt auch für die Antike: die Römer plattierten die Schiffsrumpfe mit Blei, da hierdurch lange Lebensdauer gesichert war.
    Notes: A method was developed to characterize and quality lead corrosion products in sea water and in saline neutral solutions.This method is based on selective dissolution of various compounds, using suitable reagents (methanol, glycine, potassium nitrate etc.) and on subsequent chemical analysis of the various dissolved elements.The findings are then verified by X-ray diffractometer analysis.This method was used for an examination of the corrosion products adhering to a lead plate of a Roman ship wrecked in the Gulf of Toulon about two thousand years ago. The following corrosion products were determined: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm PbCl}_{{\rm 2}^{\rm - } } {\rm Pb}_2 {\rm Cl}_3 {\rm OH} - 3{\rm PbCO}_3 \cdot 2{\rm Pb(OH)}_2 \cdot {\rm H}_2 {\rm O} - {\rm Pb}_2 {\rm O}_{3^ - \,} \,{\rm Pb}_4 {\rm O}_3 {\rm SO}_4 \cdot {\rm n}\,{\rm H}_2 {\rm O} - {\rm Pb}_{\rm x} {\rm S}_{{\rm y}\,} {\rm or}\,{\rm PbS}. $$\end{document}These products were compared with those obtained on sea water immersed lead specimen.In the latter case, the products were the following: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm PbCl}_{2^ - } {\rm PbCO}_3 \cdot {\rm PbCl}_{2^ - } {\rm Pb}_3 ({\rm CO}_3)_2 ({\rm OH})_{2^ - } {\rm PbO} - {\rm Pb}_{\rm 2} {\rm O}_3 . $$\end{document}The difference between the two test specimen is deemed to be due to the known formation caused by bacterial fouling processes (desulfovibrio desulfuricans) of hydrogen sulphide in marine sediments which, by altering the pH value, also alter the equilibrium of the CO3---HCO3--CO2-SO4--—HSO4- systems thus affecting the differentiated formation of the corrosion products.Lead, despite its improved corrosion resistance in various environments as compared with other normally used metals (e.g. iron), is not so commonly employed because of its poor mechanical properties (deformation, grain coarsening, brittleness [1], etc.) so that it is only used for certain structures like pipings or coverings (roofs, chemical vats etc.) not exposed to strong mechanical stresses.These applications were common even in ancient times, when the Romans already covered their hulls with lead plates because they did not corrode easily and thus had a long life.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 34 (1983), S. 78-83 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Bestimmung der Korrosionsprodukte auf Eisen in reinem und in mit Sulfiden verunreinigtem MeerwasserZum Nachweis und zur quantitativen Bestimmung der Korrosionsprodukte von Eisen in reinem und in mit Schwefelwasserstoff verunreinigtem Meerwasser wurde eine Methode entwickelt. Diese beruht auf der selektiven Auflösung der verschiedenen Verbindungen mit geeigneten Reagenzien (Methanol, Glycin, Brom-Methanol, Salzsäure usw.); anschließend werden die verschiedenen gelösten Elemente bestimmt. Die so erhaltenen Informationen werden mit Hilfe einer Röntgenbeugungsanalyse integriert. Die folgenden Korrosionsprodukte wurden gefunden:Fe(OH)2 = Fe3O4FeO(OH)/Fe2O3 + einer nicht identifizierten Verbindung (wahrscheinlich Oxychlorid) in Meerwasser bei pH 8,1 und 7 ppm SauerstoffFeOC1/Fe(OH)2/Fe3O4/FeOOH in teilweise entlüftetem Meerwasser (3 ppm Sauerstoff bei pH 8,1)Fe0.95S/Fe(OH)2 in Meerwasser bei pH 7 und 10 ppm Sulfid.Fe0.95S/FeS/Fe3.6 · Fe0.9 (O · OH · CI) und FeOCI/Fe3O4/FeO(OH)/Fe2O3 · H2O in Meerwasser bei pH 7 und anfänglich 10 ppm oxidierbaren Sulfids.Da die hier entwickelte chemische Analysenmethode quantitative Informationen über die Verteilung des Eisens auf die verschiedenen Anionen und die verschiedenen Oxidationsstufen liefert, ist sie als ein nützliches Hilfsmittel zur Untersuchung von Korrosionskinetik und -mechanismus anzusehen.
    Notes: A method was developed to characterize and quantify iron corrosion products in clean and sulphide polluted sea water. This method is based upon a selective dissolution with suitable reagents (methanol, glycine, bromine-methanol, hydrochloric acid etc.) of the various compounds and the subsequent chemical analysis of the various dissolved elements. The information thus obtained is integrated by a diffractometric X-ray analysis.The following corrosion products were found:Fe(OH)2 = Fe3O4 - FeO(OH) - Fe2O3 + unidentified compound Cr (probably oxychloride) in sea water with pH = 8.1 having a 7 ppm D.O. content.FeOC1 - Fe(OH)2 - Fe3O4 - FeO.OH in partially deoxygenated sea water (D.O. = 3 ppm) at pH 8.1;Fe0.95S - Fe(OH)2 in sea water at pH = 7 with 10 ppm of sulphides;Fe0.95S - FeS - Fe3.6 · Fe0.9(O · OH · C1) and FeOC1 - iron oxisulphide - Fe3O4 - FeO(OH) - Fe2O3 · H2O in sea water at pH = 7 and 10 ppm initial sulphides left to oxidate.Since the method of chemical analysis thus developed supplies quantitative information in iron distribution among the various anions and on the various oxidation forms, it is deemed a useful tool for investigation of the corrosion kinetics and mechanism.
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