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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pathogenicity to mice of three variants of Mengo encephalomyelitis virusThese investigations were supported by research grants from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, U.S.P.H.S. (E-4728), the Medical Research Council of Canada (MT-1191), and the United States Atomic Energy Commission (contract AT(30-1)2967). (1965)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 65 (1965), S. 229-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The distribution of infectious virus particles in various tissues of the mouse was determined following the intraperitoneal injection of three plaque variants of Mengo encephalomyelitis virus. When lethal doses were administered, virus appeared first in the spleen and lymph nodes (suggesting that these are the primary target organs for the agents), followed by its appearance in spinal cord and brain, in which tissues the infectious titers increased progressively until the death of the animals. Low levels of virus were sometimes found in lung, heart and kidney at 24-48 hours post-challenge, but disappeared from these tissues at later times. Virus was never detected in blood or liver, suggesting that the virus moves throughout the animal by way of the lymphatic system. When sub-lethal doses of virus were injected, it was detectable only in spleen and lymph nodes, and disappeared from these tissues by 8-9 days post-challenge.The LD50's for the three variants when injected by both the intraperitoneal and intracerebral routes were determined. The I.P.-LD50's for the L (large plaque former), M (medium plaque former) and S (minute plaque former) variants in 14-16 gm mice were found to be 1, 1-5 × 104 and 2-10 × 104 p.f.u.'s, respectively. The I.C.-LD50's were essentially the same (1-5 p.f.u.'s) for all three variants. The possibility that the differences in the I.P.-LD50's may be due to differences in the abilities of the variants to stimulate interferon production or in their sensitivities to its antiviral action is discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1030650209
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of temperature and body size upon heart rate and oxygen consumption in turtlesThis investigation conducted at the Dept. of Zoology, Tulane University, New Orleans, La., under grants from the National Institutes of Health and the Louisiana Heart Association. (1960)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 55 (1960), S. 87-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1030550110
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transfer of nuclei from 8-cell stage mouse embryos following use of nocodazole to control the cell cycle (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 39 (1994), S. 147-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Mitosis ; Synchronization ; Mice ; Blastomere ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Mouse 2-, 4-, 8-, and 16-cell embryos were exposed to nocodazole in M16 culture medium. The effect of different concentrations and exposure times on the efficiency of cell cycle synchronization and the development of the treated embyros after release from the drug was determined. The minimum effective concentration (95% of arrested nuclei) for 4-, 8-, and 16-cell embryos was 5μM nocodazole. The effect upon subsequent development of mouse embryos depended upon both the stage of development of the embryo at treatment (P 〈 0.001) and the length of exposure to nocodazole (P 〈 0.001). Exposure to any concentration of nocodazole within the range 2.5-10 μM for 12 hr caused a reduction in the proportion of embryos that formed blastocysts. As the period of exposure to 5μM nocodazole increased from 12 to 24 hr, the proportion of embryos developing to the blastocyst stage decreased. The lower proportion of embyros developing to the blastocyst stage and to term (P 〈 0.01) suggests that the more advanced stages were more susceptible to damage as a result of exposure to nocodazole. The rate of development of 4-cell embryos to blastocysts was not affected when an exposure time of 9 hr was used. Together these results show that it is possible to use nocodazole to arrest mouse embryonic cells in mitosis but that it is not appropriate to culture the embryos in the presence of this drug for prolonged periods. Individual blastomeres completed mitosis at 60-90 min and started DNA synthesis at 120-150 min after release from nocodazole. Nuclei from blastomeres thus synchronized were used to conduct studies on the effect of the cell cycle on nuclear transfer. A signficant effect was found. When nuclei from 8-cell embryos in G1 or S-phase were used as nuclei donors, development to blastocyst was respectively 27% and none. ©Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080390205
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Androgen, estrogen, and progesterone receptors in normal and aging prostates (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 30 (1995), S. 293-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Testicular hormones ; BPH ; Cancer ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Testicular hormones regulate the growth and development of the prostate. The presence of androgen receptors in prostatic tissue and their importance in the normal development of the prostate has been established. Age-related changes in the hormonal milieu, and perhaps steroid hormone receptor profile, could set in motion pathological changes leading to the onset of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or prostate cancer which primarily affect older men. The accumulation of dihydrotestosterone with age, the reawakening of the inductive potential of the prostatic stroma, the altered rate of apoptosis with age, and the age-related changes in the ratio of testosterone: estrogen have all been implicated in the etiology of BPH. In addition to androgen receptors, several studies have documented the presence of estrogen and progesterone receptors in BPH and prostate cancer. So far, most studies have focussed on the correlation between the presence/absence of steroid hormone receptors and response to hormonal therapy. The molecular mechanisms by which these steroid hormone receptors regulate the onset or progression of BPH and prostate cancer are not yet clear. The chronological changes in the levels and distribution of steroid hormone receptors in normal prostatic tissue and the effect of such changes on the synthesis of growth factors, growth factor receptors, and oncogenes should be investigated. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070300405
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and characterization of permanent cell lines from inner cell mass cells of bovine blastocysts (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 40 (1995), S. 444-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: ES cells ; Pluripotent ; Bovine embryos ; Nuclear transfer ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Inner cell masses (ICM) from in vitro produced day 8 or 9 bovine blastocysts were isolated by immunosurgery and cultured under different conditions in order to establish which of two feeder cell types and culture media were most efficient in supporting attachment and outgrowth of the bovine ICM cells. The efficiency of attachment and outgrowth of the ICM cells could be markedly improved when STO feeder cells were used instead of bovine uterus epithelial cells, and by using charcoal-stripped serum instead of normal serum to supplement the culture medium. More than 20 stable cell lines were obtained. Some of these lines were examined by immunofluorescence for developmentally regulated markers. From these results we conclude that the cell lines resemble epithelial cells, rather than pluripotent ICM cells. The developmental potential of cells of one of the lines was tested in the nuclear transfer assay. The cell line could support the initial development of enucleated oocytes, but none of the reconstructed embryos passed the eight-cell block. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080400408
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis characterization of apz, a sperm protein involved in zona binding in the pig and evidence for its binding to specific zona glycoproteins (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 28 (1991), S. 260-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Zona pellucida ; Plasma membrane ; Boar ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A boar sperm integral plasma membrane protein (APz) involved in the adhesion of uncapacitated and capacitated sperm to the porcine zona pellucida (ZP) has been characterized by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and tested for its ability to bind to various zona glycopeptides. APz shows microheterogeneity and focuses over a wide pH range, with predominant forms focusing above pH 7. The protein, when excised from nonreducing polyacrylamide gels, inhibited sperm-egg binding and bound heat-solubilized zonae preventing these zonae from blocking sperm binding to eggs. In an indirect assay, a polyclonal monovalent antibody, which blocks sperm-egg binding and which is absorbed by APz, was used to determine the ability of zona glycopeptides to prevent the sperm-egg blocking activity of the antibody from being absorbed by intact sperm. When whole heat-solubilized ZP was added to sperm at doses that block sperm-egg binding and the excess ZP was removed, the sperm-egg blocking activity of the antibody was not absorbed by these sperm, and antibody-containing supernatants blocked the binding of untreated sperm to eggs as effectively as antibody that was not mixed with fresh sperm. When alpha ZP3 was used in the same manner, sperm-egg blocking activity again was not absorbed by antibody-treated cells. Beta ZP3, however, failed to block sperm-egg binding and failed to absorb the sperm-egg blocking activity of the antibody. These findings support the argument that the action of APz is physiologically significant and involves specific binding sites on the ZP3 component of the ZP.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080280308
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ion channels in boar sperm plasma membranes: Characterization of a cation selective channel (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 30 (1991), S. 135-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Calcium channels ; Ruthenium red ; Verapamil ; Nitrendipine ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Plasma membranes isolated from cauda epididymal and ejaculated boar sperm were inserted into planar lipid bilayers and examined for the presence of ion channels. Channel fusion was frequently observed; the most prominent was a nonselective cation channel which conducted K, Na, Cs, Ca, and Ba. Channel opening did not show a strict dependence on voltage but was partially blocked by verapamil, nitrendipine, and ruthenium red. A channel with these characteristics was observed when plasma membranes were isolated by high-pressure nitrogen cavitation (650 psi, 78% sperm head plasma membranes) or at very low nitrogen pressures (50 psi, 90% sperm head plasma membranes), suggesting that this channel may be present in the plasma membrane overlying the sperm head.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080300210
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure of the bone marrow of the chicken and pigeonThis investigation was supported in part by U.S. Public Health Service Research grant CH 05493 from the National Cancer Institute and by U.S. Public Health Training grant 2 TIGM 94 07. (1967)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 123 (1967), S. 405-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The structure of bone marrow from chickens and pigeons was studied with light and electron microscopy. Erythropoiesis occurs in the lumen of the medullary sinuses. Immature erythroid cells appear to adhere to the sinus wall and may thus be prevented from entering the peripheral circulation.The wall of the medullary sinuses is formed by elongated lining cells, lacking a basement membrane, which are continous except at sites where blood cells are passing through them.When viewed with the electron microscope, developing heterophil myelocytes, which occur only in the extravascular spaces, possess two populations of granules; one type is globular in content, the other is fibrillar in content. The globular type predominates during all stages of development and appears to be the specific granule. Specific granules originate from material which is formed in the Golgi complex, pinches off, and accumulates in expanded vesicles. The origin of the material in the fibrillar granules was not determined. Like the globular granules of heterophil leucocytes, granules of eosinophil leucocytes arise from material which is formed in the Golgi complex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051230407
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the dipnoi, a monophyletic group (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 190 (1986), S. 25-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Fossil and extant dipnoans form a well-defined group of osteichthyans. Tooth plates, a feature in common for extant and the majority of fossil dipnoans, are not found in all dipnoans. Nevertheless primitive dipnoans can be defined by 21 characters of the head skeleton: bone arrangement in the posterior part of the skull roof, relation between supraorbital sensory line and bones, five extrascapulars, ossified (soft in post-Devonian dipnoans) upper lip, lack of premaxilla and maxilla, number and arrangement of bones in cheek region, lack of coronoids, the presence of an adsymphysial plate, ossified (soft in post-Devonian dipnoans) lower lip, relationship of oral and mandibular sensory canal to “infradentaries,” course of neurovascular system in lower jaw, symphysial tubuli in lower jaw, gular-shaped submandibulars, anterior naris at the edge and posterior naris within the mouth, median contact of pterygoids back to jaw articulation, posterior position of parasphenoid (buccohypophysial foramen very anterior in parasphenoid), unpaired “vomer,” autostyly, neurocranial support of posterior dermal skull roof, no isolated hypobranchials, and pharyngobranchials reduced or lacking. These 21 features distinguish the dipnoans from all other sarcopterygians. The Lower Devonian genus Diabolepis, which is said by some authors to have a closer relationship to dipnoans than to any other sarcopterygian, is considered to be inadequately known at present for definite statements about its relationship.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051900406
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rostrate pedicellariae: A morphologically distinct form of echinoid test appendage (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 218 (1993), S. 237-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The term rostrate was introduced by Mortensen ('07) to describe a type of pedicellaria he found in spatangoids. These pedicellariae resemble tridentate ones but have arching valves. Unlike the main categories of echinoid pedicellariae, no clear diagnosis of the rostrate form exists. This work examines the detailed morphology of the valves of rostrate pedicellariae observed by light and scanning electron microscopy and compares the shapes and dimensions of their component parts with tridentate pedicellariae. The data reveal considerable differences between the two, which warrant the recognition of rostrate pedicellariae as a distinct form. A diagnosis is given. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052180302
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