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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    (E,E)-10,12-Hexadecadienal: A component of the female sex pheromone of the spiny bollworm,Earias insulana (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (1980)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 36 (1980), S. 152-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary (E,E)-10,12-Hexadecadienal has been identified as a component of the sex pheromone of the female spiny bollworm moth,Earias insulana, by gas-chromatographic, electroantennographic and microchemical studies of abdominal tip extracts and entrained volatiles from female moths.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01953701
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNA replication and RNA transcription of euchromatic and heterochromatic chromosome regions during grasshopper meiosis (1974)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 45 (1974), S. 43-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The sequence of chromosome replication and the extent of RNA transcription were determined for pre-meiotic S-phase and first meiotic prophase in males of Myrmeleotettix maculatus and Chorthippus parallelus. Some heterochromatic chromosome segments are replicated early in S-phase while others are replicated late. In general, heavily condensed heterochromatic regions of the chromosomes show little or no RNA transcription as defined by 3H-uridine incorporation. Extra (i.e. in excess of 2) M4 autosomes in Ch. parallelus are slightly more condensed (heterochromatic) than their two homologues and this change in coiling behaviour is paralleled by a reduction in the rate of transcription and a change in the time of its replication, more of the DNA being synthesised at the end of S-phase. These findings are discussed in relation to the definition of heterochromatin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00283829
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photosynthetic production of the filamentous cyanobacteriumSpirulina platensis in a cone-shaped helical tubular photobioreactor (1996)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 44 (1996), S. 693-698 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The photosynthetic productivity of the filamentous cyanobacteriumSpirulina platensis was investigated in a cone-shaped helical tubular photobioreactor. A laboratory-scale photobioreactor was constructed with a 0.255-m2 basal area and a conical shape (0.64 m high × 0.57 m top diameter). The photostage comprised transparent reinforced polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubing with spirally wound, metal-wire reinforcing in the tubing wall (31 m in length and 1.6 cm internal diameter with 0.25 cm wall thickness; total volume = 6.23 l). The inner surface of the photostage (0.651 m2) was illuminated with compact fluorescent cool white lamps; the photosynthetically active radiation (400–700 nm) energy input into the photobioreactor was 1249 KJ day−1 (12 h day/12 h night). The operation of an air-lift photobioreactor with CO2-enriched air (4%) at a flow rate of 0.3 l min−1 showed a maximum daily photosynthetic efficiency of 6.83% under batch-culture conditions. This corresponded to a production rate of 15.9 g dry biomass m−2(basal area) day−1 or 0.51 g dry biomass l medium−1 day−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00178604
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photosynthetic production of the filamentous cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis in a cone-shaped helical tubular photobioreactor (1996)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 44 (1996), S. 693-698 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  The photosynthetic productivity of the filamentous cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis was investigated in a cone-shaped helical tubular photobioreactor. A laboratory-scale photobioreactor was constructed with a 0.255-m2 basal area and a conical shape (0.64 m high×0.57 m top diameter). The photostage comprised transparent reinforced polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubing with spirally wound, metal-wire reinforcing in the tubing wall (31 m in length and 1.6 cm internal diameter with 0.25 cm wall thickness; total volume=6.23 l). The inner surface of the photostage (0.651 m2) was illuminated with compact fluorescent cool white lamps; the photosynthetically active radiation (400–700 nm) energy input into the photobioreactor was 1249 KJ day-1 (12 h day/12 h night). The operation of an air-lift photobioreactor with CO2-enriched air (4%) at a flow rate of 0.3 l min-1 showed a maximum daily photosynthetic efficiency of 6.83% under batch-culture conditions. This corresponded to a production rate of 15.9 g dry biomass m-2(basal area) day-1 or 0.51 g dry biomass l medium-1 day-1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00178604
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Actual and potential rates of hydrogen photoproduction by continuous culture of the purple non-sulphur bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus (1998)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 49 (1998), S. 102-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The influence of (NH4)2SO4 concentration and dilution rate (D) on actual and potential H2 photoproduction has been studied in ammonium-limited chemostat cultures of Rhodobacter capsulatus B10. The actual H2 production in a photobioreactor was maximal (approx. 80 ml h−1 l−1) at D = 0.06 h−1 and 4 mM (NH4)2SO4. However, it was lower than the potential H2 evolution (calculated from hydrogen evolution rates in incubation vials), which amounted to 100–120 ml h−1 l−1 at D = 0.03–0.08 h−1. Taking into account the fact that H2 production in the photobioreactor under these conditions was not limited by light or lactate, another limiting (inhibiting) factor should be sought. One possibility is an inhibition of H2 production by the H2 accumulated in the gas phase. This is apparent from the non-linear kinetics of H2 evolution in the vials or from its inhibition by the addition of H2; initial rates were restored in both cases after the vials had been refilled with argon. The actual H2 production in the photobioreactor at D = 0.06 h−1 was shown to increase from approximately 80 ml h−1 l−1 to approximately 100 ml h−1 l−1 under an argon flow at 100 ml min−1. Under maximal H2 production rates in the photobioreactor, up to 30% of the lactate feedstock was utilised for H2 production and 50% for biomass synthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051144
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of immobilization on the biochemical, physiological and morphological features of Anabaena azollae (1987)
    Springer
    Planta 172 (1987), S. 298-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Anabaena(immobilization) ; Heterocyst frequency ; Hydrogen production ; Mucilage ; Nitrogenase (NH 4 + production) ; Polyurethane and polyvinyl foams
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Anabaena azollae, a presumptive isolate from Azolla filiculoides, was immobilized in polyurethane foam, hydrophilic polyvinyl foam and alginate. When viewed by low-temperature scanning electron microscopy a thick mucilage layer covered the surface of both cells and matrix; this closely resembles the mode of attachment of the symbiont Anabaena in the Azolla leaf cavity. The heterocyst frequency of the immobilized A. azollae doubled relative to free-living cells and reached a level of 14–17%. Immobilization induced increases in both hydrogen production via nitrogenase or hydrogenase and in the rates and stabilization of acetylene reduction (N2-fixation). Ammonia production by immobilized cells with L-methionine-D,L-sulfoximine (MSX) is greater than that of freeliving cells. Immobilized cells without MSX were, however, able to excrete ammonium at lower rates thus emulating the characteristic of the symbiotic cyanobacteria (A. azollae) in the leaf cavity of Azolla.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00398658
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heats of solution, solubilities and solution densities of n-octyl trioxyethylene glycol monoether in water (1972)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 250 (1972), S. 961-963 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01498965
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EMF Measurements in cells containing ion exchange membranes as a means of determining activities of ionic surfactants in solution (1972)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 250 (1972), S. 900-903 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird über EMK-Messungen der Zelle Bezugs- Lösung A Lösung C Lösung Bezugs- elektrode I II I elektrode berichtet, wobei ¦A¦ und ¦C¦ anionselektive bzw. kationselektive Ionenaustauschmembranen bedeuten und Lösung I (Bezugslösung) und II (Testlösung) entweder Natriumdodecylsulphat (NaDS) oder Cetylpyridiniumbromid (CPB) enthalten. Für NaDS und CPB allein, sowie für NaDS in Anwesenheit von Menthol, Octanol bzw. Decanol zeigte sich unter der Mizellbildungskonzentration einnernstsches Verhalten; für NaDS+Hexamethylen-tetramin wurde aber kein solches Verhalten ermittelt. Anscheinend treten NaDS und CPB beide mit dem Polyäthylenglykol Carbowax 4000 in Wechselwirkung.
    Notes: Summary Measurements of the EMF of the cell Reference Solution A Solution C Solution Reference electrode I II I electrode are reported where ¦A¦ and ¦C¦ respectively denote anion and cation selective ion exchange membranes and solutions I (reference solution) and II (test solution) contain either sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) or cetyl pyridinium bromide (CPB). For SDS and CPB alone and for SDS in the presence of menthol, octanol and decanolNernstian response was obtained below the critical micelle concentration but non-Nernstian response was obtained for SDS plus hexamethylenetetramine. SDS and CPB both appear to interact with the polyethylene glycol Carbowax 4,000.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01506244
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A viscometric study of the solubilisation ofn-octanol andn-nonane by micelles of sodiumn-dodecyl sulphate in 0.3 mol dm−3 sodium chloride solution (1974)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 252 (1974), S. 153-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Aus Literaturwerten der Viskosität wurde die Mizellgestalt und Hydration des mizellaren Natrium-n-dodecylsulfats in 0,3 mol dm−3 Natriumchloridlösung in der Gegenwart von solubilisiertemn-Oktanol bzw.n-Nonan ermittelt. Vorausgesetzt, daß in der Abwesenheit von Solubilisat sphärische Mizellen gebildet werden, wird die Hydratationszahl pro Monomeres in der Mizelle zu ca. 10–11 berechnet. Die Solubilisierung-vonn-Oktanol bewirkt, daß die Mizellen nicht sphärisch, sondern wahrscheinlich stabförmig werden. Die Mizellen bleiben aber sphärisch, wennn-Nonan solubilisiert wird. Hier wird die Hydratation verringert wegen dichterer Packung der Tensidengruppen (ionische Gruppen) an der Mizellenoberfläche.
    Notes: Abstract Published data are utilised to obtain information concerning micellar shape and hydration from the viscosities of micellar sodiumn-dodecyl sulphate in 0.3 mot dm−3 sodium chloride solution in the presence of solubilisedn-octanol andn-nonane. Assuming spherical micelles are formed in the absence of solubilisate, the hydration number per monomer in the micelle is approximately 10–11. Solubilisation of n-octanol causes the micelles to become non-spherical, probably rod-like. In contrast, when n-nonane is solubilised the micelles remain spherical but hydration is reduced owing to closer packing of the surfactant head-groups at the micelle surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01555540
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The application of the thermodynamic theory of ideal multi component micelles to ionic micelles (1972)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 250 (1972), S. 895-899 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird die thermodynamische Theorie der idealen mehrgliedrigen Mizellen auf Lösungen von einem einzigen Tensid plus Elektrolyt mit gemeinsamem Gegenion angewandt. Angenommen wird, daß die Aktivitätskoeffizienten aller Mizellenarten gleich sind, daß die Gegenionen als gebundene oder freie betrachtet werden können und daß nicht-oberflächenaktive Similiionen (mizellengleiche Ladung) von den Mizellen abwesend sind. Es werden Gleichungen für freie Energie, Enthalpie und Volumenänderungen bei Mizellisierung, sowie für die Abhängigkeit der zwei letzteren von der Gegenionaktivität wie auch für die Einzelbeiträge der Tensidionen und Gegenionen dazu eingeführt. Die Abhängigkeit des Dissoziationsgrades der Mizellen von Gegenionen- und Mizellenaktivitäten wird auch diskutiert. Die Anwendung eines scheinbaren Dissoziationsgrades, um alle Abweichungen vom idealen Verhalten einzuschließen, wird bestritten.
    Notes: Summary The thermodynamic theory of ideal multi component micelles is applied to solutions of a single ionic surfactant plus electrolyte with common counterion. It is assumed that the activity coefficients of all micellar species are equal, that counterions can be regarded as bound or free and that non surface active simili-ions are absent from the micelles. Expressions are presented for the free energy, enthalpy and volume changes on micellisation, for the dependence of the latter two on counterion activity and for the individual contribution of surfactant ions and counterions to them. The dependence of the micellar degree of dissociation on counterion and micellar activities is also discussed. The use of an apparent degree of dissociation to incorporate all deviations from ideal behaviour is criticised.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01506243
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