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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discrimination of video images of conspecific individuals in bengalese finches (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of ethology 11 (1993), S. 67-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-5444
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02350008
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association of Bone Mineral Density with Polymorphism of the Human Calcium-Sensing Receptor Locus (2000)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 66 (2000), S. 181-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. A strong correlation between bone mass and genetic factors has been shown in twins and family studies. Some of the genes involved would regulate bone metabolism, bone formation, and resorption, all processes that determine bone mass. One candidate genes, calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) in the parathyroid gland, regulates calcium homeostasis by sensing decreases in extracellular calcium level and effecting an increase in secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcium (Ca) reabsorption in the kidney. We have investigated a possible association between the CA-repeat polymorphism at the human CASR gene locus and the bone mineral density (BMD) of radial bone in 472 postmenopausal Japanese women. Genotypes were classified into nine groups according to the number of CA repeats present, from 20 to 12. BMD was expressed as the adjusted BMD, which was the body mass index (BMI), and age-adjusted average BMD. The 247 women who had an A3 allele (228 bp, containing 18 repeats of CA) had significantly lower adjusted BMD (mean ± SD: 0.303 ± 0.059 versus 0.316 ± 0.063 g/cm2; P= 0.0308) than the participants (n = 201) who did not carry an allele of that size. This result suggests that genetic variation at the CASR gene locus is associated with some determinants for BMD in postmenopausal women.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005835
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase advances of circadian rhythms in somatostatin depleted rats: effects of cysteamine on rhythms of locomotor activity and electrical discharge of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 175 (1994), S. 677-685 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Circadian rhythm ; Suprachiasmatic nucleus ; Cysteamine ; Somatostatin ; Brain slice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Somatostatin is synthesized in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a circadian pacemaker in mammals. To explore the functional significance of somatostatin in the circadian system, we examined rhythms of rat locomotor activity and electrical firing rate of SCN neurons in the brain slice after temporal depletion of somatostatin levels in the SCN. Intraperitoneal administration of cysteamine (200 mg/kg), a somatostatin depletor, significantly reduced somatostatin level in the in vivo SCN 5 min after injection and kept low level as long as 3 to 4 days. This administration, on the other hand, induced significant phase advances of about 51 min in the subsequent free-running rhythm of locomotor activity of the rat. A marked phase advance in the circadian rhythm of firing rate in the SCN was also observed after administration of cysteamine in coronal hypothalamic slices. These persistent phase shifts after administration of a somatostatin depletor may suggest that the change of somatostatin level in the SCN have a feedback influence on the circadian pacemaker.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00191840
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glutamate induces Cl− and K+ currents in the olfactory interneurons of a terrestrial slug (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 184 (1999), S. 553-562 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Key words Terrestrial slug ; Procerebrum ; Glutamate receptors ; Quisqualate ; Ibotenate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Glutamate-induced responses in the procerebral neurons of the terrestrial slug Limax marginatus were examined using the nystatin-perforated patch recording technique applied in the voltage-clamp mode and local application of drugs. The procerebrum contains two types of interneurons with different spontaneous activities, bursting and nonbursting neurons. In the bursting neurons, a puff of glutamate evoked a rapidly desensitizing current followed by a smaller sustained current. The reversal potential of the early component showed that the current was mediated by Cl− ions, while the late component was presumed to be mediated by K+ ions. In the nonbursting neurons, glutamate evoked a sustained current with a strong outward rectification, and the current was mediated by K+ ions. Ibotenate selectively evoked the rapidly desensitizing response in the bursting neurons, whereas quisqualate evoked a non-desensitizing K+ current both in the bursting and nonbursting neurons. The glutamate-induced K+ current had similar characteristics with the spontaneous synaptic activities in the procerebrum neurons, suggesting the possibility that glutamate receptors are involved in the spontaneous oscillatory activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003590050355
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Demonstration of sensory cutaneous nerve fibers in guinea-pig lip using endogenous oxidase histochemistry (1986)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 85 (1986), S. 203-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We developed a new histochemical method based on endogenous oxidase activity for the detection of cutaneous nerves in guinea-pig lips. After the application of a reaction mixture containing 0.14 mM 3,3′-diaminobenzidine(DAB) and 15 mM nickel ammonium sulfate in Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.6), many blue-black sensory fibers were observed, i.e., dermal nerve fiber bundles, perifollicular plexuses, Merkel-cell endings, and Meissner-like nerve endings. The autonomic fibers of the skin were not stained. Electron microscopy revealed that the reaction product was mainly localized on mitochondrial cristae. The addition of 0.01 M sodium azide completely inhibited the reaction. This technique is simple and preferentially stains sensory nerves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00494805
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Myopathic changes at the end-plate region induced by neostigmine methylsulfate (1976)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 32 (1976), S. 623-625 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Administration of large dose of neostigmine caused very quickly marked myopathic changes at the motor end-plate region. With continued injections, however some recovery of the structural features did occur suggesting the reconstructive changes in the affected regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01990200
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Separation of homovanillic acid and vanillylmandelic acid with ion-exchange resin column (1975)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 31 (1975), S. 623-624 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zugefügte exogene Homovanillinsäure und Vanillylmandelsäure im Extrakt aus Rattenhirn können durch Säulenchromatographie (Dowex-1-X2) abgetrennt werden. Die erstere wurde zu 85%, die letztere zu 98% wiedergewonnen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01932494
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ionization via an ultrashort high-power KrF laser (1997)
    Springer
    Applied physics 65 (1997), S. 475-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: PACS: 32.00
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003400050299
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of LGA to solve mixing in a simplified stirred tank by a parallel computer (1999)
    Springer
    Computational mechanics 23 (1999), S. 182-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0924
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Application of lattice gas automaton (LGA) to engineering will be examined by dealing with mixing of two component flow without chemical reaction in a simplified stirred tank. In mechanical engineering, it is important to know quality and accumulation rate of products which depend essentially on mixing of raw materials. Mixing is usually formulated by partial differential equations of conservation laws and empirical formulae, and solved numerically by derived finite difference equations. LGA will be capable of calculating the fine structure of time-dependent interfacial behavior mesoscopically, since this has advantages of describing pattern formation of mixture in detail and is good at parallel computation. Parallel computation must now be a selected issue to determine whether LGA is applicable to practical problems. Computing power intends us to approach complex flow by new concept. This means that days of pure fluid dynamics are over and chemical process, phase change, material behavior must now be taken into account. The present example can described as a numerically intensive parallel computing problem as far as the number of PEs is increased up to 32 in the present numerical experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004660050399
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soft computing for the intelligent robust control of a robotic unicycle with a new physical measure for mechanical controllability (1998)
    Springer
    Soft computing 2 (1998), S. 73-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-7479
    Keywords: Key words Biomechanical model ; Soft computing algorithms ; Intelligent robot unicycle ; Robust control ; Posture stability ; Controllability ; Fuzzy control ; Entropy measure of controllability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract  The posture stability and driving control of a human-riding-type unicycle have been realized. The robot unicycle is considered as a biomechanical system using an internal world representation with a description of emotion, instinct and intuition mechanisms. We introduced intelligent control methods based on soft computing and confirmed that such an intelligent control and biological instinct as well as intuition together with a fuzzy inference is very important for emulating human behaviors or actions. Intuition and instinct mechanisms are considered as global and local search mechanisms of the optimal solution domains for an intelligent behavior and can be realized by genetic algorithms (GA) and fuzzy neural networks (FNN) accordingly. For the fitness function of the GA, a new physical measure as the minimum entropy production for a description of the intelligent behavior in a biological model is introduced. The calculation of robustness and controllability of the robot unicycle is presented. This paper provides a general measure to estimate the mechanical controllability qualitatively and quantitatively, even if any control scheme is applied. The measure can be computed using a Lyapunov function coupled with the thermodynamic entropy change. Interrelation between Lyapunov function (stability condition) and entropy production of motion (controllability condition) in an internal biomechanical model is a mathematical background for the design of soft computing algorithms for the intelligent control of the robotic unicycle. Fuzzy simulation and experimental results of a robust intelligent control motion for the robot unicycle are discussed. Robotic unicycle is a new Benchmark of non-linear mechatronics and intelligent smart control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005000050036
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