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  • *Ecosystem  (159)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (159)
  • 2005-2009  (159)
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  • 11
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    Climate-driven ecosystem succession in the Sahara: the past 6000 years (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-10
    Description: Desiccation of the Sahara since the middle Holocene has eradicated all but a few natural archives recording its transition from a "green Sahara" to the present hyperarid desert. Our continuous 6000-year paleoenvironmental reconstruction from northern Chad shows progressive drying of the regional terrestrial ecosystem in response to weakening insolation forcing of the African monsoon and abrupt hydrological change in the local aquatic ecosystem controlled by site-specific thresholds. Strong reductions in tropical trees and then Sahelian grassland cover allowed large-scale dust mobilization from 4300 calendar years before the present (cal yr B.P.). Today's desert ecosystem and regional wind regime were established around 2700 cal yr B.P. This gradual rather than abrupt termination of the African Humid Period in the eastern Sahara suggests a relatively weak biogeophysical feedback on climate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kropelin, S -- Verschuren, D -- Lezine, A-M -- Eggermont, H -- Cocquyt, C -- Francus, P -- Cazet, J-P -- Fagot, M -- Rumes, B -- Russell, J M -- Darius, F -- Conley, D J -- Schuster, M -- von Suchodoletz, H -- Engstrom, D R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 9;320(5877):765-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1154913.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Africa Research Unit, Institute of Prehistoric Archaeology, University of Cologne, Jennerstrasse 8, D-50823 Koln, Germany. s.kroe@uni-koeln.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18467583" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Biological Evolution ; *Desert Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Fresh Water ; Geologic Sediments ; History, Ancient ; Plants ; Time ; Weather
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 12
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    Environmental genomics reveals a single-species ecosystem deep within Earth (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-10-11
    Description: DNA from low-biodiversity fracture water collected at 2.8-kilometer depth in a South African gold mine was sequenced and assembled into a single, complete genome. This bacterium, Candidatus Desulforudis audaxviator, composes 〉99.9% of the microorganisms inhabiting the fluid phase of this particular fracture. Its genome indicates a motile, sporulating, sulfate-reducing, chemoautotrophic thermophile that can fix its own nitrogen and carbon by using machinery shared with archaea. Candidatus Desulforudis audaxviator is capable of an independent life-style well suited to long-term isolation from the photosphere deep within Earth's crust and offers an example of a natural ecosystem that appears to have its biological component entirely encoded within a single genome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chivian, Dylan -- Brodie, Eoin L -- Alm, Eric J -- Culley, David E -- Dehal, Paramvir S -- DeSantis, Todd Z -- Gihring, Thomas M -- Lapidus, Alla -- Lin, Li-Hung -- Lowry, Stephen R -- Moser, Duane P -- Richardson, Paul M -- Southam, Gordon -- Wanger, Greg -- Pratt, Lisa M -- Andersen, Gary L -- Hazen, Terry C -- Brockman, Fred J -- Arkin, Adam P -- Onstott, Tullis C -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 10;322(5899):275-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1155495.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. DCChivian@lbl.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18845759" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ammonia/metabolism ; Carbon/metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; Genes, Bacterial ; *Genome, Bacterial ; Genomics/*methods ; Gold ; Mining ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Movement ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Peptococcaceae/classification/*genetics/growth & development/physiology ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; South Africa ; Spores, Bacterial/physiology ; Sulfates/metabolism ; Temperature ; *Water Microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    The widespread threat of calcium decline in fresh waters (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-11-29
    Description: Calcium concentrations are now commonly declining in softwater boreal lakes. Although the mechanisms leading to these declines are generally well known, the consequences for the aquatic biota have not yet been reported. By examining crustacean zooplankton remains preserved in lake sediment cores, we document near extirpations of calcium-rich Daphnia species, which are keystone herbivores in pelagic food webs, concurrent with declining lake-water calcium. A large proportion (62%, 47 to 81% by region) of the Canadian Shield lakes we examined has a calcium concentration approaching or below the threshold at which laboratory Daphnia populations suffer reduced survival and fecundity. The ecological impacts of environmental calcium loss are likely to be both widespread and pronounced.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jeziorski, Adam -- Yan, Norman D -- Paterson, Andrew M -- Desellas, Anna M -- Turner, Michael A -- Jeffries, Dean S -- Keller, Bill -- Weeber, Russ C -- McNicol, Don K -- Palmer, Michelle E -- McIver, Kyle -- Arseneau, Kristina -- Ginn, Brian K -- Cumming, Brian F -- Smol, John P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Nov 28;322(5906):1374-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1164949.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Lab, Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada, K7L 3N6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19039134" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/*analysis ; Daphnia/*physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Food Chain ; Fresh Water/*chemistry ; Geologic Sediments ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Ontario ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction ; Zooplankton/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Macrovertebrate paleontology and the Pliocene habitat of Ardipithecus ramidus (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-10-08
    Description: A diverse assemblage of large mammals is spatially and stratigraphically associated with Ardipithecus ramidus at Aramis. The most common species are tragelaphine antelope and colobine monkeys. Analyses of their postcranial remains situate them in a closed habitat. Assessment of dental mesowear, microwear, and stable isotopes from these and a wider range of abundant associated larger mammals indicates that the local habitat at Aramis was predominantly woodland. The Ar. ramidus enamel isotope values indicate a minimal C4 vegetation component in its diet (plants using the C4 photosynthetic pathway), which is consistent with predominantly forest/woodland feeding. Although the Early Pliocene Afar included a range of environments, and the local environment at Aramis and its vicinity ranged from forests to wooded grasslands, the integration of available physical and biological evidence establishes Ar. ramidus as a denizen of the closed habitats along this continuum.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉White, Tim D -- Ambrose, Stanley H -- Suwa, Gen -- Su, Denise F -- DeGusta, David -- Bernor, Raymond L -- Boisserie, Jean-Renaud -- Brunet, Michel -- Delson, Eric -- Frost, Stephen -- Garcia, Nuria -- Giaourtsakis, Ioannis X -- Haile-Selassie, Yohannes -- Howell, F Clark -- Lehmann, Thomas -- Likius, Andossa -- Pehlevan, Cesur -- Saegusa, Haruo -- Semprebon, Gina -- Teaford, Mark -- Vrba, Elisabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 2;326(5949):87-93.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Human Evolution Research Center and Department of Integrative Biology, 3101 Valley Life Sciences Building, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19810193" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; Cercopithecidae/anatomy & histology ; Diet ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Ethiopia ; *Fossils ; *Hominidae/classification ; Mammals/anatomy & histology/classification ; Paleodontology ; Plants ; Population Density ; Tooth/anatomy & histology ; Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    A contemporary microbially maintained subglacial ferrous "ocean" (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-18
    Description: An active microbial assemblage cycles sulfur in a sulfate-rich, ancient marine brine beneath Taylor Glacier, an outlet glacier of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet, with Fe(III) serving as the terminal electron acceptor. Isotopic measurements of sulfate, water, carbonate, and ferrous iron and functional gene analyses of adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate reductase imply that a microbial consortium facilitates a catalytic sulfur cycle. These metabolic pathways result from a limited organic carbon supply because of the absence of contemporary photosynthesis, yielding a subglacial ferrous brine that is anoxic but not sulfidic. Coupled biogeochemical processes below the glacier enable subglacial microbes to grow in extended isolation, demonstrating how analogous organic-starved systems, such as Neoproterozoic oceans, accumulated Fe(II) despite the presence of an active sulfur cycle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mikucki, Jill A -- Pearson, Ann -- Johnston, David T -- Turchyn, Alexandra V -- Farquhar, James -- Schrag, Daniel P -- Anbar, Ariel D -- Priscu, John C -- Lee, Peter A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 17;324(5925):397-400. doi: 10.1126/science.1167350.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. jill.a.mikucki@dartmouth.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19372431" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaerobiosis ; Antarctic Regions ; Autotrophic Processes ; Bacteria/growth & development/*metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; Ferric Compounds/*metabolism ; Ferrous Compounds/*metabolism ; Heterotrophic Processes ; *Ice Cover ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donors/genetics/metabolism ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Oxygen Isotopes/analysis ; Phylogeny ; Seawater/chemistry/*microbiology ; Sulfates/metabolism ; Sulfites/metabolism ; Sulfur/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    Soil invertebrates disrupt carbon flow through fungal networks (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-08-16
    Description: Annual carbon flux through soil respiration is ten times greater than fossil fuel combustion, but its component parts are poorly understood because they are the product of complex multitrophic interactions between soil organisms. A major component of carbon flux from plants to soil occurs through networks of symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Here, using 13CO2 pulse labeling, we show that natural densities of the numerically dominant fungal feeding invertebrate Protaphorura armata (order Collembola) reduces 13C enrichment of mycorrhizosphere respiration by 32%. Our findings emphasize the importance of multitrophic interactions in regulating respiration of recent plant photosynthate from soil.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johnson, David -- Krsek, Martin -- Wellington, Elizabeth M H -- Stott, Andrew W -- Cole, Lisa -- Bardgett, Richard D -- Read, David J -- Leake, Jonathan R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Aug 12;309(5737):1047.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK. D.Johnson@abdn.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16099977" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arthropods/*physiology ; Carbon Dioxide/*metabolism ; Carbon Isotopes ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fatty Acids/analysis ; Feeding Behavior ; Food Chain ; Mycorrhizae/metabolism/*physiology ; Oxygen Consumption ; Phospholipids/analysis ; Plant Roots/microbiology ; Scotland ; *Soil/analysis ; *Soil Microbiology ; Symbiosis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 17
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    Ecology. Synthesizing U.S. river restoration efforts (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-04-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bernhardt, E S -- Palmer, M A -- Allan, J D -- Alexander, G -- Barnas, K -- Brooks, S -- Carr, J -- Clayton, S -- Dahm, C -- Follstad-Shah, J -- Galat, D -- Gloss, S -- Goodwin, P -- Hart, D -- Hassett, B -- Jenkinson, R -- Katz, S -- Kondolf, G M -- Lake, P S -- Lave, R -- Meyer, J L -- O'donnell, T K -- Pagano, L -- Powell, B -- Sudduth, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 29;308(5722):636-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15860611" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; *Databases, Factual ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fishes ; *Rivers ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 18
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    Long-term sustainability of a high-energy, low-diversity crustal biome (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-10-21
    Description: Geochemical, microbiological, and molecular analyses of alkaline saline groundwater at 2.8 kilometers depth in Archaean metabasalt revealed a microbial biome dominated by a single phylotype affiliated with thermophilic sulfate reducers belonging to Firmicutes. These sulfate reducers were sustained by geologically produced sulfate and hydrogen at concentrations sufficient to maintain activities for millions of years with no apparent reliance on photosynthetically derived substrates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, Li-Hung -- Wang, Pei-Ling -- Rumble, Douglas -- Lippmann-Pipke, Johanna -- Boice, Erik -- Pratt, Lisa M -- Sherwood Lollar, Barbara -- Brodie, Eoin L -- Hazen, Terry C -- Andersen, Gary L -- DeSantis, Todd Z -- Moser, Duane P -- Kershaw, Dave -- Onstott, T C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 20;314(5798):479-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA. lhlin@ntu.edu.tw〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17053150" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria/classification/*isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Biodiversity ; DNA, Ribosomal/analysis/genetics ; *Ecosystem ; Gold ; Hydrogen/analysis/metabolism ; Mining ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; South Africa ; Sulfates/*metabolism ; Temperature ; Thermodynamics ; Time ; *Water Microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 19
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    Post-fire logging debate ignores many issues (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-10-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DellaSala, Dominick A -- Karr, James R -- Schoennagel, Tania -- Perry, Dave -- Noss, Reed F -- Lindenmayer, David -- Beschta, Robert -- Hutto, Richard L -- Swanson, Mark E -- Evans, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 6;314(5796):51-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17023633" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Fires ; *Forestry ; *Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 20
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    Restoration of the Mississippi Delta: lessons from Hurricanes Katrina and Rita (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-03-24
    Description: Hurricanes Katrina and Rita showed the vulnerability of coastal communities and how human activities that caused deterioration of the Mississippi Deltaic Plain (MDP) exacerbated this vulnerability. The MDP formed by dynamic interactions between river and coast at various temporal and spatial scales, and human activity has reduced these interactions at all scales. Restoration efforts aim to re-establish this dynamic interaction, with emphasis on reconnecting the river to the deltaic plain. Science must guide MDP restoration, which will provide insights into delta restoration elsewhere and generally into coasts facing climate change in times of resource scarcity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Day, John W Jr -- Boesch, Donald F -- Clairain, Ellis J -- Kemp, G Paul -- Laska, Shirley B -- Mitsch, William J -- Orth, Kenneth -- Mashriqui, Hassan -- Reed, Denise J -- Shabman, Leonard -- Simenstad, Charles A -- Streever, Bill J -- Twilley, Robert R -- Watson, Chester C -- Wells, John T -- Whigham, Dennis F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 23;315(5819):1679-84.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA. johnday@lsu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17379799" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Disasters ; *Ecosystem ; *Engineering ; *Environment ; Geography ; Geologic Sediments ; Humans ; Louisiana ; Mississippi ; *Rivers ; Soil ; *Wetlands
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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