ALBERT

Beschreibung: Author(s): D. J. Thompson, D. Murphy, R. W. Speirs, R. M. W. van Bijnen, A. J. McCulloch, R. E. Scholten, and B. M. Sparkes We demonstrate precise control of charged particle bunch shape with a cold atom electron and ion source to create bunches with linear and, therefore, reversible Coulomb expansion. Using ultracold charged particles enables detailed observation of space-charge effects without loss of information from … [Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 193202] Published Thu Nov 03, 2016

Beschreibung: Nature Physics 12, 807 (2016). doi:10.1038/nphys3715 Authors: M. Kadler, F. Krauß, K. Mannheim, R. Ojha, C. Müller, R. Schulz, G. Anton, W. Baumgartner, T. Beuchert, S. Buson, B. Carpenter, T. Eberl, P. G. Edwards, D. Eisenacher Glawion, D. Elsässer, N. Gehrels, C. Gräfe, S. Gulyaev, H. Hase, S. Horiuchi, C. W. James, A. Kappes, A. Kappes, U. Katz, A. Kreikenbohm, M. Kreter, I. Kreykenbohm, M. Langejahn, K. Leiter, E. Litzinger, F. Longo, J. E. J. Lovell, J. McEnery, T. Natusch, C. Phillips, C. Plötz, J. Quick, E. Ros, F. W. Stecker, T. Steinbring, J. Stevens, D. J. Thompson, J. Trüstedt, A. K. Tzioumis, S. Weston, J. Wilms & J. A. Zensus

Beschreibung: We describe a 325-MHz survey, undertaken with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT), which covers a large part of the three equatorial fields at 9, 12 and 14.5 h of right ascension from the Herschel -Astrophysical Terahertz Large Area Survey (H-ATLAS) in the area also covered by the Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) survey. The full data set, after some observed pointings were removed during the data reduction process, comprises 212 GMRT pointings covering ~90 deg 2 of sky. We have imaged and catalogued the data using a pipeline that automates the process of flagging, calibration, self-calibration and source detection for each of the survey pointings. The resulting images have resolutions of between 14 and 24 arcsec and minimum rms noise (away from bright sources) of ~1 mJy beam –1 , and the catalogue contains 5263 sources brighter than 5. We investigate the spectral indices of GMRT sources which are also detected at 1.4 GHz and find them to agree broadly with previously published results; there is no evidence for any flattening of the radio spectral index below S 1.4  = 10 mJy. This work adds to the large amount of available optical and infrared data in the H-ATLAS equatorial fields and will facilitate further study of the low-frequency radio properties of star formation and AGN activity in galaxies out to z  ~ 1.

Beschreibung: The length of female reproductive lifespan is associated with multiple adverse outcomes, including breast cancer, cardiovascular disease and infertility. The biological processes that govern the timing of the beginning and end of reproductive life are not well understood. Genetic variants are known to contribute to ~50% of the variation in both age at menarche and menopause, but to date the known genes explain 〈15% of the genetic component. We have used genome-wide association in a bivariate meta-analysis of both traits to identify genes involved in determining reproductive lifespan. We observed significant genetic correlation between the two traits using genome-wide complex trait analysis. However, we found no robust statistical evidence for individual variants with an effect on both traits. A novel association with age at menopause was detected for a variant rs1800932 in the mismatch repair gene MSH6 ( P = 1.9 x 10 –9 ), which was also associated with altered expression levels of MSH6 mRNA in multiple tissues. This study contributes to the growing evidence that DNA repair processes play a key role in ovarian ageing and could be an important therapeutic target for infertility.

Beschreibung: The nature and cause of the so-called 2.8 kyr BP event have been a subject of much debate. Peat sequences have provided much of the evidence for this event, but the process link between climate and peatland response is not well understood. Multiproxy, high-resolution analysis of a core from Bargerveen in the eastern Netherlands based on pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs, testate amoebae and geochemistry identified an abrupt shift from relatively dry to extremely wet conditions. Radiocarbon-based wiggle-match dating (WMD) and biostratigraphy based on the pollen record show that this shift in local hydrology occurred around 2800 cal. yr BP. We interpret an erosional hiatus lasting up to 950 years immediately prior to this, as the effect of a bog burst after excessive rainfall. This phenomenon was not limited to our sampling location but occurred over a large part of the former Bargerveen. Peat at the hiatus contains microfossils that reflect temporary eutrophication as a consequence of local fires and secondary decomposition because of increased drainage after the erosion event. Our data show how detailed multiproxy analyses can elucidate the past response of peatlands to changing climate and suggest that the climatic change in northwest Europe at this time caused major non-linear disruption to these ecosystems.

Beschreibung: A cornerstone of Einstein's special relativity is Lorentz invariance-the postulate that all observers measure exactly the same speed of light in vacuum, independent of photon-energy. While special relativity assumes that there is no fundamental length-scale associated with such invariance, there is a fundamental scale (the Planck scale, l(Planck) approximately 1.62 x 10(-33) cm or E(Planck) = M(Planck)c(2) approximately 1.22 x 10(19) GeV), at which quantum effects are expected to strongly affect the nature of space-time. There is great interest in the (not yet validated) idea that Lorentz invariance might break near the Planck scale. A key test of such violation of Lorentz invariance is a possible variation of photon speed with energy. Even a tiny variation in photon speed, when accumulated over cosmological light-travel times, may be revealed by observing sharp features in gamma-ray burst (GRB) light-curves. Here we report the detection of emission up to approximately 31 GeV from the distant and short GRB 090510. We find no evidence for the violation of Lorentz invariance, and place a lower limit of 1.2E(Planck) on the scale of a linear energy dependence (or an inverse wavelength dependence), subject to reasonable assumptions about the emission (equivalently we have an upper limit of l(Planck)/1.2 on the length scale of the effect). Our results disfavour quantum-gravity theories in which the quantum nature of space-time on a very small scale linearly alters the speed of light.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abdo, A A -- Ackermann, M -- Ajello, M -- Asano, K -- Atwood, W B -- Axelsson, M -- Baldini, L -- Ballet, J -- Barbiellini, G -- Baring, M G -- Bastieri, D -- Bechtol, K -- Bellazzini, R -- Berenji, B -- Bhat, P N -- Bissaldi, E -- Bloom, E D -- Bonamente, E -- Bonnell, J -- Borgland, A W -- Bouvier, A -- Bregeon, J -- Brez, A -- Briggs, M S -- Brigida, M -- Bruel, P -- Burgess, J M -- Burnett, T H -- Caliandro, G A -- Cameron, R A -- Caraveo, P A -- Casandjian, J M -- Cecchi, C -- Celik, O -- Chaplin, V -- Charles, E -- Cheung, C C -- Chiang, J -- Ciprini, S -- Claus, R -- Cohen-Tanugi, J -- Cominsky, L R -- Connaughton, V -- Conrad, J -- Cutini, S -- Dermer, C D -- de Angelis, A -- de Palma, F -- Digel, S W -- Dingus, B L -- do Couto E Silva, E -- Drell, P S -- Dubois, R -- Dumora, D -- Farnier, C -- Favuzzi, C -- Fegan, S J -- Finke, J -- Fishman, G -- Focke, W B -- Foschini, L -- Fukazawa, Y -- Funk, S -- Fusco, P -- Gargano, F -- Gasparrini, D -- Gehrels, N -- Germani, S -- Gibby, L -- Giebels, B -- Giglietto, N -- Giordano, F -- Glanzman, T -- Godfrey, G -- Granot, J -- Greiner, J -- Grenier, I A -- Grondin, M-H -- Grove, J E -- Grupe, D -- Guillemot, L -- Guiriec, S -- Hanabata, Y -- Harding, A K -- Hayashida, M -- Hays, E -- Hoversten, E A -- Hughes, R E -- Johannesson, G -- Johnson, A S -- Johnson, R P -- Johnson, W N -- Kamae, T -- Katagiri, H -- Kataoka, J -- Kawai, N -- Kerr, M -- Kippen, R M -- Knodlseder, J -- Kocevski, D -- Kouveliotou, C -- Kuehn, F -- Kuss, M -- Lande, J -- Latronico, L -- Lemoine-Goumard, M -- Longo, F -- Loparco, F -- Lott, B -- Lovellette, M N -- Lubrano, P -- Madejski, G M -- Makeev, A -- Mazziotta, M N -- McBreen, S -- McEnery, J E -- McGlynn, S -- Meszaros, P -- Meurer, C -- Michelson, P F -- Mitthumsiri, W -- Mizuno, T -- Moiseev, A A -- Monte, C -- Monzani, M E -- Moretti, E -- Morselli, A -- Moskalenko, I V -- Murgia, S -- Nakamori, T -- Nolan, P L -- Norris, J P -- Nuss, E -- Ohno, M -- Ohsugi, T -- Omodei, N -- Orlando, E -- Ormes, J F -- Ozaki, M -- Paciesas, W S -- Paneque, D -- Panetta, J H -- Parent, D -- Pelassa, V -- Pepe, M -- Pesce-Rollins, M -- Petrosian, V -- Piron, F -- Porter, T A -- Preece, R -- Raino, S -- Ramirez-Ruiz, E -- Rando, R -- Razzano, M -- Razzaque, S -- Reimer, A -- Reimer, O -- Reposeur, T -- Ritz, S -- Rochester, L S -- Rodriguez, A Y -- Roth, M -- Ryde, F -- Sadrozinski, H F-W -- Sanchez, D -- Sander, A -- Saz Parkinson, P M -- Scargle, J D -- Schalk, T L -- Sgro, C -- Siskind, E J -- Smith, D A -- Smith, P D -- Spandre, G -- Spinelli, P -- Stamatikos, M -- Stecker, F W -- Strickman, M S -- Suson, D J -- Tajima, H -- Takahashi, H -- Takahashi, T -- Tanaka, T -- Thayer, J B -- Thayer, J G -- Thompson, D J -- Tibaldo, L -- Toma, K -- Torres, D F -- Tosti, G -- Troja, E -- Uchiyama, Y -- Uehara, T -- Usher, T L -- van der Horst, A J -- Vasileiou, V -- Vilchez, N -- Vitale, V -- von Kienlin, A -- Waite, A P -- Wang, P -- Wilson-Hodge, C -- Winer, B L -- Wood, K S -- Wu, X F -- Yamazaki, R -- Ylinen, T -- Ziegler, M -- England -- Nature. 2009 Nov 19;462(7271):331-4. doi: 10.1038/nature08574. Epub 2009 Oct 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19865083" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Beschreibung: Pulsars are rapidly rotating, highly magnetized neutron stars emitting radiation across the electromagnetic spectrum. Although there are more than 1800 known radio pulsars, until recently only seven were observed to pulse in gamma rays, and these were all discovered at other wavelengths. The Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) makes it possible to pinpoint neutron stars through their gamma-ray pulsations. We report the detection of 16 gamma-ray pulsars in blind frequency searches using the LAT. Most of these pulsars are coincident with previously unidentified gamma-ray sources, and many are associated with supernova remnants. Direct detection of gamma-ray pulsars enables studies of emission mechanisms, population statistics, and the energetics of pulsar wind nebulae and supernova remnants.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abdo, A A -- Ackermann, M -- Ajello, M -- Anderson, B -- Atwood, W B -- Axelsson, M -- Baldini, L -- Ballet, J -- Barbiellini, G -- Baring, M G -- Bastieri, D -- Baughman, B M -- Bechtol, K -- Bellazzini, R -- Berenji, B -- Bignami, G F -- Blandford, R D -- Bloom, E D -- Bonamente, E -- Borgland, A W -- Bregeon, J -- Brez, A -- Brigida, M -- Bruel, P -- Burnett, T H -- Caliandro, G A -- Cameron, R A -- Caraveo, P A -- Casandjian, J M -- Cecchi, C -- Celik, O -- Chekhtman, A -- Cheung, C C -- Chiang, J -- Ciprini, S -- Claus, R -- Cohen-Tanugi, J -- Conrad, J -- Cutini, S -- Dermer, C D -- de Angelis, A -- de Luca, A -- de Palma, F -- Digel, S W -- Dormody, M -- do Couto e Silva, E -- Drell, P S -- Dubois, R -- Dumora, D -- Farnier, C -- Favuzzi, C -- Fegan, S J -- Fukazawa, Y -- Funk, S -- Fusco, P -- Gargano, F -- Gasparrini, D -- Gehrels, N -- Germani, S -- Giebels, B -- Giglietto, N -- Giommi, P -- Giordano, F -- Glanzman, T -- Godfrey, G -- Grenier, I A -- Grondin, M-H -- Grove, J E -- Guillemot, L -- Guiriec, S -- Gwon, C -- Hanabata, Y -- Harding, A K -- Hayashida, M -- Hays, E -- Hughes, R E -- Johannesson, G -- Johnson, R P -- Johnson, T J -- Johnson, W N -- Kamae, T -- Katagiri, H -- Kataoka, J -- Kawai, N -- Kerr, M -- Knodlseder, J -- Kocian, M L -- Kuss, M -- Lande, J -- Latronico, L -- Lemoine-Goumard, M -- Longo, F -- Loparco, F -- Lott, B -- Lovellette, M N -- Lubrano, P -- Madejski, G M -- Makeev, A -- Marelli, M -- Mazziotta, M N -- McConville, W -- McEnery, J E -- Meurer, C -- Michelson, P F -- Mitthumsiri, W -- Mizuno, T -- Monte, C -- Monzani, M E -- Morselli, A -- Moskalenko, I V -- Murgia, S -- Nolan, P L -- Norris, J P -- Nuss, E -- Ohsugi, T -- Omodei, N -- Orlando, E -- Ormes, J F -- Paneque, D -- Parent, D -- Pelassa, V -- Pepe, M -- Pesce-Rollins, M -- Pierbattista, M -- Piron, F -- Porter, T A -- Primack, J R -- Raino, S -- Rando, R -- Ray, P S -- Razzano, M -- Rea, N -- Reimer, A -- Reimer, O -- Reposeur, T -- Ritz, S -- Rochester, L S -- Rodriguez, A Y -- Romani, R W -- Ryde, F -- Sadrozinski, H F-W -- Sanchez, D -- Sander, A -- Saz Parkinson, P M -- Scargle, J D -- Sgro, C -- Siskind, E J -- Smith, D A -- Smith, P D -- Spandre, G -- Spinelli, P -- Starck, J-L -- Strickman, M S -- Suson, D J -- Tajima, H -- Takahashi, H -- Takahashi, T -- Tanaka, T -- Thayer, J G -- Thompson, D J -- Tibaldo, L -- Tibolla, O -- Torres, D F -- Tosti, G -- Tramacere, A -- Uchiyama, Y -- Usher, T L -- Van Etten, A -- Vasileiou, V -- Vilchez, N -- Vitale, V -- Waite, A P -- Wang, P -- Watters, K -- Winer, B L -- Wolff, M T -- Wood, K S -- Ylinen, T -- Ziegler, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):840-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1175558. Epub 2009 Jul 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19574346" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Beschreibung: Pulsars are born with subsecond spin periods and slow by electromagnetic braking for several tens of millions of years, when detectable radiation ceases. A second life can occur for neutron stars in binary systems. They can acquire mass and angular momentum from their companions, to be spun up to millisecond periods and begin radiating again. We searched Fermi Large Area Telescope data for pulsations from all known millisecond pulsars (MSPs) outside of globular clusters, using rotation parameters from radio telescopes. Strong gamma-ray pulsations were detected for eight MSPs. The gamma-ray pulse profiles and spectral properties resemble those of young gamma-ray pulsars. The basic emission mechanism seems to be the same for MSPs and young pulsars, with the emission originating in regions far from the neutron star surface.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abdo, A A -- Ackermann, M -- Ajello, M -- Atwood, W B -- Axelsson, M -- Baldini, L -- Ballet, J -- Barbiellini, G -- Baring, M G -- Bastieri, D -- Baughman, B M -- Bechtol, K -- Bellazzini, R -- Berenji, B -- Bignami, G F -- Blandford, R D -- Bloom, E D -- Bonamente, E -- Borgland, A W -- Bregeon, J -- Brez, A -- Brigida, M -- Bruel, P -- Burnett, T H -- Caliandro, G A -- Cameron, R A -- Camilo, F -- Caraveo, P A -- Carlson, P -- Casandjian, J M -- Cecchi, C -- Celik, O -- Charles, E -- Chekhtman, A -- Cheung, C C -- Chiang, J -- Ciprini, S -- Claus, R -- Cognard, I -- Cohen-Tanugi, J -- Cominsky, L R -- Conrad, J -- Corbet, R -- Cutini, S -- Dermer, C D -- Desvignes, G -- de Angelis, A -- de Luca, A -- de Palma, F -- Digel, S W -- Dormody, M -- do Couto e Silva, E -- Drell, P S -- Dubois, R -- Dumora, D -- Edmonds, Y -- Farnier, C -- Favuzzi, C -- Fegan, S J -- Focke, W B -- Frailis, M -- Freire, P C C -- Fukazawa, Y -- Funk, S -- Fusco, P -- Gargano, F -- Gasparrini, D -- Gehrels, N -- Germani, S -- Giebels, B -- Giglietto, N -- Giordano, F -- Glanzman, T -- Godfrey, G -- Grenier, I A -- Grondin, M H -- Grove, J E -- Guillemot, L -- Guiriec, S -- Hanabata, Y -- Harding, A K -- Hayashida, M -- Hays, E -- Hobbs, G -- Hughes, R E -- Johannesson, G -- Johnson, A S -- Johnson, R P -- Johnson, T J -- Johnson, W N -- Johnston, S -- Kamae, T -- Katagiri, H -- Kataoka, J -- Kawai, N -- Kerr, M -- Knodlseder, J -- Kocian, M L -- Kramer, M -- Kuss, M -- Lande, J -- Latronico, L -- Lemoine-Goumard, M -- Longo, F -- Loparco, F -- Lott, B -- Lovellette, M N -- Lubrano, P -- Madejski, G M -- Makeev, A -- Manchester, R N -- Marelli, M -- Mazziotta, M N -- McConville, W -- McEnery, J E -- McLaughlin, M A -- Meurer, C -- Michelson, P F -- Mitthumsiri, W -- Mizuno, T -- Moiseev, A A -- Monte, C -- Monzani, M E -- Morselli, A -- Moskalenko, I V -- Murgia, S -- Nolan, P L -- Norris, J P -- Nuss, E -- Ohsugi, T -- Omodei, N -- Orlando, E -- Ormes, J F -- Paneque, D -- Panetta, J H -- Parent, D -- Pelassa, V -- Pepe, M -- Pesce-Rollins, M -- Piron, F -- Porter, T A -- Raino, S -- Rando, R -- Ransom, S M -- Ray, P S -- Razzano, M -- Rea, N -- Reimer, A -- Reimer, O -- Reposeur, T -- Ritz, S -- Rochester, L S -- Rodriguez, A Y -- Romani, R W -- Roth, M -- Ryde, F -- Sadrozinski, H F W -- Sanchez, D -- Sander, A -- Saz Parkinson, P M -- Scargle, J D -- Schalk, T L -- Sgro, C -- Siskind, E J -- Smith, D A -- Smith, P D -- Spandre, G -- Spinelli, P -- Stappers, B W -- Starck, J L -- Striani, E -- Strickman, M S -- Suson, D J -- Tajima, H -- Takahashi, H -- Tanaka, T -- Thayer, J B -- Thayer, J G -- Theureau, G -- Thompson, D J -- Thorsett, S E -- Tibaldo, L -- Torres, D F -- Tosti, G -- Tramacere, A -- Uchiyama, Y -- Usher, T L -- Van Etten, A -- Vasileiou, V -- Venter, C -- Vilchez, N -- Vitale, V -- Waite, A P -- Wallace, E -- Wang, P -- Watters, K -- Webb, N -- Weltevrede, P -- Winer, B L -- Wood, K S -- Ylinen, T -- Ziegler, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):848-52. doi: 10.1126/science.1176113.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory,Washington, DC 20375, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19574349" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Beschreibung: We report the detection of gamma-ray emissions above 200 megaelectron volts at a significance level of 17sigma from the globular cluster 47 Tucanae, using data obtained with the Large Area Telescope onboard the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. Globular clusters are expected to emit gamma rays because of the large populations of millisecond pulsars that they contain. The spectral shape of 47 Tucanae is consistent with gamma-ray emission from a population of millisecond pulsars. The observed gamma-ray luminosity implies an upper limit of 60 millisecond pulsars present in 47 Tucanae.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abdo, A A -- Ackermann, M -- Ajello, M -- Atwood, W B -- Axelsson, M -- Baldini, L -- Ballet, J -- Barbiellini, G -- Bastieri, D -- Baughman, B M -- Bechtol, K -- Bellazzini, R -- Berenji, B -- Blandford, R D -- Bloom, E D -- Bonamente, E -- Borgland, A W -- Bregeon, J -- Brez, A -- Brigida, M -- Bruel, P -- Burnett, T H -- Caliandro, G A -- Cameron, R A -- Caraveo, P A -- Casandjian, J M -- Cecchi, C -- Celik, O -- Charles, E -- Chaty, S -- Chekhtman, A -- Cheung, C C -- Chiang, J -- Ciprini, S -- Claus, R -- Cohen-Tanugi, J -- Conrad, J -- Cutini, S -- Dermer, C D -- de Palma, F -- Digel, S W -- Dormody, M -- do Couto e Silva, E -- Drell, P S -- Dubois, R -- Dumora, D -- Farnier, C -- Favuzzi, C -- Fegan, S J -- Focke, W B -- Frailis, M -- Fukazawa, Y -- Fusco, P -- Gargano, F -- Gasparrini, D -- Gehrels, N -- Germani, S -- Giebels, B -- Giglietto, N -- Giordano, F -- Glanzman, T -- Godfrey, G -- Grenier, I A -- Grove, J E -- Guillemot, L -- Guiriec, S -- Hanabata, Y -- Harding, A K -- Hayashida, M -- Hays, E -- Horan, D -- Hughes, R E -- Johannesson, G -- Johnson, A S -- Johnson, R P -- Johnson, T J -- Johnson, W N -- Kamae, T -- Katagiri, H -- Kawai, N -- Kerr, M -- Knodlseder, J -- Kuehn, F -- Kuss, M -- Lande, J -- Latronico, L -- Lemoine-Goumard, M -- Longo, F -- Loparco, F -- Lott, B -- Lovellette, M N -- Lubrano, P -- Makeev, A -- Mazziotta, M N -- McConville, W -- McEnery, J E -- Meurer, C -- Michelson, P F -- Mitthumsiri, W -- Mizuno, T -- Moiseev, A A -- Monte, C -- Monzani, M E -- Morselli, A -- Moskalenko, I V -- Murgia, S -- Nolan, P L -- Norris, J P -- Nuss, E -- Ohsugi, T -- Omodei, N -- Orlando, E -- Ormes, J F -- Paneque, D -- Panetta, J H -- Parent, D -- Pelassa, V -- Pepe, M -- Pierbattista, M -- Piron, F -- Porter, T A -- Raino, S -- Rando, R -- Razzano, M -- Rea, N -- Reimer, A -- Reimer, O -- Reposeur, T -- Ritz, S -- Rochester, L S -- Rodriguez, A Y -- Romani, R W -- Roth, M -- Ryde, F -- Sadrozinski, H F-W -- Sanchez, D -- Sander, A -- Saz Parkinson, P M -- Sgro, C -- Smith, D A -- Smith, P D -- Spandre, G -- Spinelli, P -- Starck, J-L -- Strickman, M S -- Suson, D J -- Tajima, H -- Takahashi, H -- Tanaka, T -- Thayer, J B -- Thayer, J G -- Thompson, D J -- Tibaldo, L -- Torres, D F -- Tosti, G -- Tramacere, A -- Uchiyama, Y -- Usher, T L -- Vasileiou, V -- Vilchez, N -- Vitale, V -- Wang, P -- Webb, N -- Winer, B L -- Wood, K S -- Ylinen, T -- Ziegler, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):845-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1177023.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19679807" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Beschreibung: Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are highly energetic explosions signaling the death of massive stars in distant galaxies. The Gamma-ray Burst Monitor and Large Area Telescope onboard the Fermi Observatory together record GRBs over a broad energy range spanning about 7 decades of gammaray energy. In September 2008, Fermi observed the exceptionally luminous GRB 080916C, with the largest apparent energy release yet measured. The high-energy gamma rays are observed to start later and persist longer than the lower energy photons. A simple spectral form fits the entire GRB spectrum, providing strong constraints on emission models. The known distance of the burst enables placing lower limits on the bulk Lorentz factor of the outflow and on the quantum gravity mass.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fermi LAT and Fermi GBM Collaborations -- Abdo, A A -- Ackermann, M -- Arimoto, M -- Asano, K -- Atwood, W B -- Axelsson, M -- Baldini, L -- Ballet, J -- Band, D L -- Barbiellini, G -- Baring, M G -- Bastieri, D -- Battelino, M -- Baughman, B M -- Bechtol, K -- Bellardi, F -- Bellazzini, R -- Berenji, B -- Bhat, P N -- Bissaldi, E -- Blandford, R D -- Bloom, E D -- Bogaert, G -- Bogart, J R -- Bonamente, E -- Bonnell, J -- Borgland, A W -- Bouvier, A -- Bregeon, J -- Brez, A -- Briggs, M S -- Brigida, M -- Bruel, P -- Burnett, T H -- Burrows, D -- Busetto, G -- Caliandro, G A -- Cameron, R A -- Caraveo, P A -- Casandjian, J M -- Ceccanti, M -- Cecchi, C -- Celotti, A -- Charles, E -- Chekhtman, A -- Cheung, C C -- Chiang, J -- Ciprini, S -- Claus, R -- Cohen-Tanugi, J -- Cominsky, L R -- Connaughton, V -- Conrad, J -- Costamante, L -- Cutini, S -- Deklotz, M -- Dermer, C D -- de Angelis, A -- de Palma, F -- Digel, S W -- Dingus, B L -- do Couto E Silva, E -- Drell, P S -- Dubois, R -- Dumora, D -- Edmonds, Y -- Evans, P A -- Fabiani, D -- Farnier, C -- Favuzzi, C -- Finke, J -- Fishman, G -- Focke, W B -- Frailis, M -- Fukazawa, Y -- Funk, S -- Fusco, P -- Gargano, F -- Gasparrini, D -- Gehrels, N -- Germani, S -- Giebels, B -- Giglietto, N -- Giommi, P -- Giordano, F -- Glanzman, T -- Godfrey, G -- Goldstein, A -- Granot, J -- Greiner, J -- Grenier, I A -- Grondin, M-H -- Grove, J E -- Guillemot, L -- Guiriec, S -- Haller, G -- Hanabata, Y -- Harding, A K -- Hayashida, M -- Hays, E -- Hernando Morat, J A -- Hoover, A -- Hughes, R E -- Johannesson, G -- Johnson, A S -- Johnson, R P -- Johnson, T J -- Johnson, W N -- Kamae, T -- Katagiri, H -- Kataoka, J -- Kavelaars, A -- Kawai, N -- Kelly, H -- Kennea, J -- Kerr, M -- Kippen, R M -- Knodlseder, J -- Kocevski, D -- Kocian, M L -- Komin, N -- Kouveliotou, C -- Kuehn, F -- Kuss, M -- Lande, J -- Landriu, D -- Larsson, S -- Latronico, L -- Lavalley, C -- Lee, B -- Lee, S-H -- Lemoine-Goumard, M -- Lichti, G G -- Longo, F -- Loparco, F -- Lott, B -- Lovellette, M N -- Lubrano, P -- Madejski, G M -- Makeev, A -- Marangelli, B -- Mazziotta, M N -- McBreen, S -- McEnery, J E -- McGlynn, S -- Meegan, C -- Meszaros, P -- Meurer, C -- Michelson, P F -- Minuti, M -- Mirizzi, N -- Mitthumsiri, W -- Mizuno, T -- Moiseev, A A -- Monte, C -- Monzani, M E -- Moretti, E -- Morselli, A -- Moskalenko, I V -- Murgia, S -- Nakamori, T -- Nelson, D -- Nolan, P L -- Norris, J P -- Nuss, E -- Ohno, M -- Ohsugi, T -- Okumura, A -- Omodei, N -- Orlando, E -- Ormes, J F -- Ozaki, M -- Paciesas, W S -- Paneque, D -- Panetta, J H -- Parent, D -- Pelassa, V -- Pepe, M -- Perri, M -- Pesce-Rollins, M -- Petrosian, V -- Pinchera, M -- Piron, F -- Porter, T A -- Preece, R -- Raino, S -- Ramirez-Ruiz, E -- Rando, R -- Rapposelli, E -- Razzano, M -- Razzaque, S -- Rea, N -- Reimer, A -- Reimer, O -- Reposeur, T -- Reyes, L C -- Ritz, S -- Rochester, L S -- Rodriguez, A Y -- Roth, M -- Ryde, F -- Sadrozinski, H F-W -- Sanchez, D -- Sander, A -- Saz Parkinson, P M -- Scargle, J D -- Schalk, T L -- Segal, K N -- Sgro, C -- Shimokawabe, T -- Siskind, E J -- Smith, D A -- Smith, P D -- Spandre, G -- Spinelli, P -- Stamatikos, M -- Starck, J-L -- Stecker, F W -- Steinle, H -- Stephens, T E -- Strickman, M S -- Suson, D J -- Tagliaferri, G -- Tajima, H -- Takahashi, H -- Takahashi, T -- Tanaka, T -- Tenze, A -- Thayer, J B -- Thayer, J G -- Thompson, D J -- Tibaldo, L -- Torres, D F -- Tosti, G -- Tramacere, A -- Turri, M -- Tuvi, S -- Usher, T L -- van der Horst, A J -- Vigiani, L -- Vilchez, N -- Vitale, V -- von Kienlin, A -- Waite, A P -- Williams, D A -- Wilson-Hodge, C -- Winer, B L -- Wood, K S -- Wu, X F -- Yamazaki, R -- Ylinen, T -- Ziegler, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 27;323(5922):1688-93. doi: 10.1126/science.1169101. Epub 2009 Feb 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19228997" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉