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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 54 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Pre-inoculation of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) roots with selected nonpathogenic isolates of Fusarium oxysporum (npFo) has previously been shown to induce systemic resistance against infection by F. oxysporum f.sp. asparagi (Foa) through activation of plant-defence mechanisms. To elucidate the putative npFo-mediated defence pathways, the effect of salicylic acid (SA) was examined in a split-root system of asparagus where one half of the seedling root system was drenched with SA and the activation of defence responses was measured subsequently on the remaining roots. SA-treated plants exhibited enhanced systemic resistance, with a significant reduction in disease severity of the roots inoculated with Foa, compared with untreated plants. SA activated peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, as well as lignification, upon Foa attack, in a manner similar to that observed with npFo pretreatment. In addition, application of diphenyleneiodonium, an SA biosynthesis inhibitor, led to failure of npFo to induce lignin deposition and systemic resistance. Treatment of fungal spores with SA did not affect germination and growth of either npFo or Foa in in vitro antifungal assays. Production of SA at the site of npFo infection may be involved in the induction of Foa resistance in asparagus roots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Rice bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is one of the most important diseases in rice-growing areas worldwide. Four virulence-deficient mutants were identified from a transposon mutagenesis library of X. oryzae pv. oryzae. Sequence-analysis revealed that the transposon of the four mutants inserted at different sites in the same ORF, which is homologous to the xpsE gene encoding a component of the type-II secretion system in many bacterial pathogens. Extracellular enzymes, such as xylanase and cellulase, were not secreted to the extracellular space in the mutants. Analysis of the protein profile of the extracellular, periplasmic and intracellular fractions indicated that at least two secreted proteins accumulated in the periplasmic space in the mutants. After genetic complementation of these mutants with a functional xpsE gene, the xpsE gene could express normally and the pathogenicity of the mutants and their secretion of extracellular enzymes were restored. Western blot analysis with an anticellulase antiserum also showed that cellulase was secreted normally in the complemented strains. The results show that the type-II secretion pathway structural gene xpsE is required for xylanase and cellulase secretion and full virulence in X. oryzae pv. oryzae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The ability of nonpathogenic isolates of Fusarium oxysporum (npFo) to induce systemic resistance and defence responses against subsequent challenge with a pathogenic strain of F. oxysporum f. sp. asparagi (Foa) was examined in Asparagus officinalis. In a split-root experiment, roots inoculated with npFo exhibited a hypersensitive response and those subsequently inoculated with Foa displayed resistance. Induction of systemic resistance in npFo-treated plants led to significantly fewer necrotic lesions (P = 0·05) and reduced Foa disease severity compared with plants not treated with npFo. In hyphal-sandwich root inoculation experiments, activities of peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and lignin content were higher in npFo-treated plants and increased more rapidly than in npFo-untreated plants after Foa inoculation. Antifungal activity (inhibition of fungal spore germination and germ-tube growth) from exudates of roots inoculated with Foa were observed for npFo-treated plants but not for npFo-untreated plants. Thus, isolates of npFo may function as inducers of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and defence responses against Foa invasion in A. officinalis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 122 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Common bunt caused by Tilletia tritici and T. laevis has occurred worldwide and reduces yield and quality in common and durum wheats. The development of DNA markers linked to bunt resistance to race T1 in the cross, ‘Laura’(S) בRL5407’ (R), was carried out in this study based on the single head derived F4:5 and single seed derived F4:6 populations. Bulked segregant analysis was used to identify two random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers linked to the gene for resistance to race T1 in the spelt wheat ‘RL5407′. The two markers identified, UBC548590 and UBC274988, flanked the resistance gene with a map distance of 9.1 and 18.2 cM, respectively. The former was linked in repulsion phase to bunt resistance while the later was in coupling phase. The two RAPD markers and the common bunt-resistance gene all segregated in Mendelian fashion. Use of these two RAPD markers together could assist in incorporating the bunt-resistance gene from spelt wheat into common wheat cultivars by means of marker-assisted selection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2013-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0011-183X
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0653
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2009-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0011-183X
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0653
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2020-11-05
    Description: Nocardia seriolae is the causative agent of nocardiosis in both marine and freshwater fish. Here, we report on multiple outbreaks of nocardiosis associated with elevated mortality (23-35%) in farmed largemouth bass in Sichuan, China, from 2017 to 2018. A total of 9 strains isolated from diseased largemouth bass were identified as N. seriolae by phenotypic characterization, 16S rRNA and hsp65 gene sequence analysis. The clinical signs of infected largemouth bass included hemorrhage, skin ulcers and prominent tubercles varying in size in the gill, liver, spleen and kidney. Experimental infection indicated that these isolates were the pathogens responsible for the mortalities. In vitro antibacterial activities of 12 antibiotics against N. seriolae isolates were determined as minimum inhibitory concentrations. Histopathological observation of diseased fish infected with N. seriolae showed necrotizing granulomatous hepatitis, nephritis, splenitis, epithelial hypertrophy and hyperplasia with degenerative changes of the epithelium in the gill. Large quantities of bacterial aggregates were found in the necrotic area of the granuloma by Lillie-Twort Gram stain and immunocytochemistry. Our findings indicated that N. seriolae is a serious threat to the largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides industry in Southwest China.
    Print ISSN: 0177-5103
    Electronic ISSN: 1616-1580
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Published by Inter-Research
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