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  • Articles  (21)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (21)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
  • Biology  (21)
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  • Articles  (21)
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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (21)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1075-4261
    Keywords: cholelithiasis ; gallstone ; bile salts ; periodic precipitation ; fractal precipitation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: This is the first observation that both chaotic and periodic patterns are formed in metal ions-deoxycholate-gel systems. It is an in vitro model for approximating the conditions present during gallstone formation. The experimental results suggest that a nonlinear scientific concept such as the “butterfly effect” should be considered in understanding gallstone formation. This effect suggests that a butterfly flapping its wings in Beijing today may lead to a thunderstorm in New York months later. Applying this concept to biology, minor changes in the local chemical environment within biological systems may lead to large variations in the structure and morphology of gallstone through changes in the behavior of biological mineralization process. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biospect 3: 195-205, 1997
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biospectroscopy 1 (1995), S. 291-296 
    ISSN: 1075-4261
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Deoxycholic acid is an important physiological bile acid. The binding of bile salts with metal ions has received more attention due to its clinical significance. In this study, a series of copper and zinc deoxycholate complexes were synthesized. EXAFS and FTIR spectroscopic techniques were used for characterization. The results indicated that both the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups of deoxycholic acid are binding to the Cu (or Zn) ion to form a new complex. There are six oxygen atoms surrounding the metal ion with the average bond lengths of Cu-O and Zn-O are 1.95 and 2.06 Å respectively. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1075-4261
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Rapid advances in the generation of intense tunable ultrashort mid-infrared (IR) laser pulses allow the use of ultrafast IR pump-probe and vibrational echo experiments to investigate the dynamics of the fundamental vibrational transition of CO bound to the active site of heme proteins. The studies were performed using a free-electron laser (FEL) and an experimental set up at the Stanford University FEL Center. These novel techniques are discussed in some detail. Pump-probe experiments on myoglobin-CO (MbCO) measure CO vibrational relaxation (VR). The VR process involves loss of vibrational excitation from CO to the protein and solvent. Infrared vibrational echoes measure CO vibrational dephasing. The quantum mechanical treatment of the force-correlation function description of vibrational dynamics in condensed phases is described briefly. A quantum mechanical treatment is needed to explain the temperature dependence of VR in Mb-CO from 10 to 300 K. A molecular-level description including elements of heme protein structure in the treatment of vibrational dynamics is also discussed. Vibrational relaxation of CO in Mb occurs on the 10-11-s time scale. VR was studied in proteins with single-site mutations, proteins from different species, and model heme compounds. A roughly linear relationship between carbonyl stretching frequency and VR rate has been observed. The dominant VR pathway is shown to involve anharmonic coupling from CO through the π-bonded network of the porphyrin, to porphyrin vibrations with frequencies 〉 400 cm-1. The heme protein influences VR of bound ligands at the active site primarily via altering the through π-bond coupling between CO and heme. Preliminary vibrational echo studies of the effects of protein conformational relaxation dynamics on ligand dephasing are also reported. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1075-4261
    Keywords: infrared spectroscopy of human tissue ; squamous epithelium ; exfoliated cells ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: A comparison of infrared absorption spectra obtained from the different layers of squamous epithelium from the human cervix, and infrared spectra obtained from exfoliated cervical cells, is presented. Infrared spectroscopy has been shown (in part I of this series) to be a sensitive tool to monitor maturation and differentiation of human cervical cells; therefore, this spectroscopic technique provides new insights into the composition and state of health of exfoliated cells. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biospectroscopy 4: 55-59, 1998
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biospectroscopy 1 (1995), S. 149-156 
    ISSN: 1075-4261
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: A series of copper bilirubinate complexes (CuBR) was synthesized in solution and in solid state to mimic the black color of the black-pigment gallstone and to explore the formation mechanism of the gallstonein vitro. The variation of the copper contents of these samples indicated that CuBR also exhibits nonstoichiometric characteristics from the FTIR study, i.e., both the so-called acid and neutral copper complex moieties exist in CuBR. The NH groups in pyrrole and lactam groups of bilirubin (H2BR) are binding to the copper ions. An EPR study demonstrates the generation of free radicals and the variation of its electronic structure and conjugation system in the skeleton of H2BR molecule during complex formation. A polymer of CuBR may form through the reaction of H2BR with copper ions. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1075-4261
    Keywords: black pigment gallstone ; FTIR ; EPR ; nonlinear phenomena ; vibrational mode ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Further spectroscopic studies of gallstones are reviewed with an emphasis on the formation of black pigment gallstones. This type of gallstone appears mainly in Western countries, with only 3% of the cholelithiasis patients in China having black gallstones. Fourier transform infrared absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance are used as spectroscopic probes of gallstones and their metal bilirubinate components. Nonlinear phenomena in gallstone formation were investigated through the appearance of ring structure in gallstones and fractal patterns in the formation in the precipitates of bile salt systems. Although a complete understanding of gallstone formation has not yet been achieved, interesting progress toward this goal has been made recently. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biospectroscopy 3: 381-391, 1997
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1075-4261
    Keywords: infrared spectroscopy of human tissue ; basal, parabasal, and superficial layers of cervical squamous epithelium ; cell maturation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Infrared spectral results for the different epithelial layers of human cervical squamous tissue are reported. The layers, representing different cellular maturation stages, exhibit quite different spectral patterns. Thus, infrared spectroscopy presents a powerful tool to monitor cell maturation and differentiation. Furthermore, a detailed understanding of the spectra of the individual layers of tissue permit a proper interpretation of the state of health of cells exfoliated from such tissue. Part II of this series describes the use of the spectral information presented here to interpret the infrared spectra of exfoliated cells. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biospectroscopy 4: 47-53, 1998
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1075-4261
    Keywords: Fourier-transform surface-enhanced Raman scattering ; all-trans retinoic acid ; retinoic acid receptor ; silver colloids ; fluorescence ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Surface-enhanced Raman scattering and fluorescence were used to investigate the interactions of all-trans retinoic acid with the gamma-type retinoic acid receptor. Raman data revealed a significant attenuation in intensity of the bands originating from the retinoic acid polyenic chain upon receptor binding, with the spectrum being dominantly that of the β-ionone ring. Fluorescence measurements supported the hydrophobic character of the ligand binding. These novel spectroscopic results are fully consistent with the published X-ray crystallographic data and suggest that these techniques may be valuable additional tools to characterize the interactions of agonists and antagonists with residues in the ligand-binding pockets of retinoid receptor homo- and heterodimers. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biospectroscopy 4: 297-302, 1998
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biospectroscopy 4 (1998), S. 107-111 
    ISSN: 1075-4261
    Keywords: conformational mobility ; nucleic acid dynamics ; Raman optical activity ; RNA ; temperature dependence ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: The backscattered Raman and Raman optical activity (ROA) spectra of poly(rA)-poly(rU) at 20°C and 45°C in buffered aqueous solution between 650 and 1750 cm-1 are reported. Although the intensity of the majority of the Raman bands increase by varying amounts as the temperature is raised in accordance with the well-known hypochromic effect, the reverse effect is found for the ROA signals which we attribute to thermal accessibility of a greater number of distinct conformations leading to cancellation of ROA signals. The difference ROA spectrum obtained by subtracting the spectrum recorded at 45°C from that recorded at 20°C displays a very similar sign pattern to those at both 20°C and 45°C throughout the spectral region examined. This indicates that the same average structure is maintained in this temperature range and that the thermal fluctuations are correlated through the bases, the glycosidic link, the sugar ring, and the phosphate backbone of both strands. These results indicate that ROA may be a useful new probe of the dynamics of nucleic acid in solution. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biospectroscopy 4: 107-111, 1998
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biospectroscopy 4 (1998), S. 113-120 
    ISSN: 1075-4261
    Keywords: FT-Raman spectroscopy ; micro-Raman technique ; Ancistrocladus heyneanus ; naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: The applicability of the micro-FT-Raman technique for studying alkaloids in vitro and for observing alkaloids in plant cells is demonstrated. This technique is examined using fresh plant material of Ancistrocladus heyneanus, a tropical liana known to produce pharmacologically interesting naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids as secondary metabolites. It will be shown that it is possible to localize and identify some of these alkaloids in different parts of the plant by means of Raman microspectroscopic studies. Data on the in situ structure and the spatial distribution can be obtained, which could provide information about the biosynthesis of the alkaloids in the plant. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biospectroscopy 4: 113-120, 1998
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