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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Callus formation from root protoplasts of Glycine max (soybean)
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Plant Science Letters 24 (1982), S. 111-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0304-4211
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4211(82)90015-3
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plant regeneration from root protoplasts of Brassica
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Plant Science Letters 24 (1982), S. 117-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 0304-4211
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4211(82)90016-5
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mineral nutrition of slash pine in subtropical Australia. II. foliar nutrient response to fertilization (1995)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 41 (1995), S. 101-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: fertilization ; foliar nutrient concentration ; method of P application ; mineral nutrition ; P rate ; slash pine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In the previous paper, we reported the stand growth of slash pine (Pinus elliottii) during the first 11.5 years of plantation in response to (1) initial fertilization at plantation establishment with P rates of 11, 22, 45 and 90 kg P ha−1 which were either banded or broadcast in the presence or absence of basal fertilizers containing 50 kg N ha−1, 50 kg K ha−1 and 5 kg Cu ha−1 and (2) application of additional 40 kg P ha−1 at age 10 years. Here we present the responses in foliar nutrient concentrations of slash pine in the first 11.5 years to the initial fertilization and the additional P applied at age 10 years. Foliar N and K concentrations in the first 9.6 years of plantation decreased with the initial P rate. Application of the basal fertilizers improved foliar Cu concentration. Foliar Ca and Mg concentrations increased linearly with the initial P rate. The initial fertilization did not affect foliar Mn concentration in the first 9.6 years. Foliar P concentration increased quadratically with the initial P rate, which accounted for 77–86% of the variation in foliar P concentration. Most of the explained variation in foliar nutrient concentrations was attributable to the plantation age except for foliar P concentration. In the case of foliar P concentration, 53% was explained by the initial P rate, 31% by the plantation age and 2% by the positive interaction between the initial P rate and the plantation age. Foliar P concentration of slash pine at age 11.5 years increased quadratically with the initial P rate and linearly with the additional 40 kg P ha−1 applied at age 10 years, accounting for 81% of the variation in the foliar P concentration. Foliar nutrient analysis indicated that P was the major limiting nutrient affecting the stand growth of slash pine in the first 11.5 years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00750751
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regeneration of simon poplar (Populus simonii) from protoplast culture (1995)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 14 (1995), S. 442-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Simon poplar (Populus simonii) protoplasts were isolated from suspension cells, with protoplast yield of 3.8×107 g−1 F. W. They were cultured in a K8P liquid medium containing 13.57μM 2,4-D, 1.07μM NAA and 0.93 μM KT. Protoplast culture was influenced by the plating density, osmotic pressure, and the sources and amounts of nitrogen and carbon in the culture medium. Multiple shoots were produced from protoplast-derived callus after culture on MS medium containing 4.44 μM BA, 2.32μM KT, 2.28 μM ZT, and 0.54μM NAA. Shoots 2–3 cm in height were isolated from the calli and rooted on 1/2 MS medium. After transplantation into pots, the regenerated plants grew vigorously in greenhouse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234051
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mineral nutrition of slash pine in subtropical Australia. III. Relationships between foliar P concentration and stand growth (1995)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 41 (1995), S. 109-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: foliar phosphorus ; plantation age ; slash pine ; stand growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Foliar P concentration of slash pine was significantly related to the stand growth in the first 11.5 years. The relationship between foliar P concentration and total stand growth at foliar sampling improved as the plantation aged with coefficient of determination (R2) increasing from 0.14–0.15 at age 3.3 years to 0.56–0.65 at age 9.6 years. However, only 12–18% of the variation in total stand growth was explained by foliar P concentration at age 11.5 years when additional 40 kg P ha−1 was applied to the stands at age 10 years. This suggests that caution should be exercised in interpreting the foliar P concentrations of the established stands which had received application of P fertilizer just prior to foliar sampling. Periodic stand growth was more closely related to the foliar P concentration than total stand growth. Basal area and volume periodic annual increment (PAI) was better related to the foliar P concentration than height PAI. Optimum foliar P concentration, at which the maximum stand growth was obtained, was between 0.093% and 0.110%. The optimum foliar P concentration for height PAI immediately prior to foliar sampling decreased from 0.097% at age 3.3 years to 0.070% at age 9.6 years. Critical foliar P concentration at age 9.6 years, at which 90% of the maximum basal area growth was obtained, was between 0.066% and 0.070%. Both optimum and critical foliar P concentration might decrease as the plantation aged.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00750752
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mineral nutrition of slash pine in subtropical australia. I. stand growth response to fertilization (1995)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 41 (1995), S. 93-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: fertilization ; P application method ; P rate ; slash pine ; stand growth response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Fertilization at plantation establishment and later age is often required to maximize stand growth of slash pine (Pinus elliottii) in subtropical Australia. A field experiment was conducted to examine stand growth response of slash pine in the first 11.5 years of plantation following (1) initial fertilization at plantation establishment with phosphorus (P) at 11, 22, 45 and 90 kg P ha−1 which were either banded or broadcast in the presence or absence of basal fertilizers containing 50 kg nitrogen (N) ha−1, 50 kg potassium (K) ha−1 and 5 kg copper (Cu) ha−1 and (2) additional application of 40 kg P ha−1 at age 10 years. The initial P fertilization significantly increased the stand growth in the first 9.6 years. The P banded application was more effective in improving the stand growth than the P broadcast application. Application of the N, K and Cu basal fertilizers did not affect the stand growth. Overall, 53–73% of the variation in basal area and volume growth in the first 9.6 years was explained by the initial P fertilization, indicating that P deficiency was the major factor limiting the stand growth under the experimental conditions. Optimum plantation age, at which the maximum periodical annual increment (PAI) of basal area was obtained, increased from age 10.9 to 12 years when the initial P rate increased from 11 to 90 kg P ha−1. Application of additional 40 kg P ha−1 at age 10 years resulted in a further improvement in the stand growth at age 11.5 years. With 66% of the variation in basal area PAI between ages 9.6 and 11.5 years, 50% was explained by the initial P fertilization and 16% by the additional P applied at age 10 years. Similarly, 51% and 12% of the variation in volume PAI were attributed to the initial P fertilization and the additional P application, respectively. This highlights the need of refertilization with P on some established stands of slash pine at later ages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00750750
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen fertilizer in leucaena alley cropping. I. Maize response to nitrogen fertilizer and fate of fertilizer-15N (1992)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 33 (1992), S. 219-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: alley cropping ; fertilizer N ; Leucaena leucocephala ; leucaena prunings ; maize residues ; 15N recovery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Field microplot experiments were conducted in the semi-arid tropics of northern Australia to evaluate the response of maize (Zea mays L.) growth to addition of N fertilizer and plant residues and to examine the fate of fertilizer15N in a leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) alley cropping system, in which supplemental irrigation was used. Leucaena prunings, maize residues and N fertilizer were applied to alley-cropped maize grown in microplots which were installed in the alleys formed by leucaena hedgerows spaced 4.5 metres apart. The15N-labelled fertilizer was used to examine the fate of fertilizer N applied in the presence of mulched leucaena prunings and maize residues. Application of leucaena prunings increased maize yield while addition of N fertilizer in the presence of the prunings produced a further increase in maize production. There was a significant positive interaction between N fertilizer and leucaena prunings in increasing maize production. The addition of maize residues in the presence of N fertilizer and leucaena prunings decreased maize yield and N uptake and increased fertilizer15N loss from 38% to 47%. Maize recovered 24–79% of fertilizer15N in one cropping season, depending on application rate of N fertilizer and field management of plant residues. About 20–34% of fertilizer15N remained in the soil. More than 37% of fertilizer15N was apparently lost from the soil and plant system largely through denitrification when N fertilizer was applied at 40 kg N ha−1 or more in the presence or absence of plant residues. Application of N fertilizer improved maize yield and increased the contribution of mulched leucaena prunings to crop production in the alley cropping system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01050877
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen fertilizer in leucaena alley cropping. II. residual value of nitrogen fertilizer and leucaena residues (1993)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 34 (1993), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: leucaena ; maize ; 15N recovery ; residual15N
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Legume residues have been credited with supplying mineral nitrogen (N) to the associated cereal crop and improving soil fertility in the long term. Few studies using15N have reported the fate of legume N and fertilizer N in the presence of legume residues in soil-plant systems over periods of two years or longer. A field experiment was conducted in microplots to evaluate: (1) the residual value of the15N added in leucaena residues; (2) the residual value of fertilizer15N applied in the presence of unlabelled leucaena residues in the first year to maize over three subsequent years; and (3) the long-term fate of residual fertilizer and leucaena15N in a leucaena alley cropping system. There was a significant increase in maize production over three subsequent years after addition of leucaena residues. The residual effect of fertilizer N increased maize yield in the second year when N fertilizer was applied at 36 kg N ha−1 in the first year in the presence of leucaena residues. Of the leucaena15N applied in the first year, the second, third and fourth maize crop recovered 2.6%, 1.8% and 1.4%, respectively. The corresponding values for the residual fertilizer15N were 0.7%, 0.4% and 0.3%. About 12–14% of the fertilizer15N added in the first year was found in the 200 cm soil profile over the following three years. This differed from the 38–41% of leucaena15N detected in the soil over the same period. Most of the residual fertilizer and leucaena15N in the soil was immobilized in the top 25 cm with less than 1% leached below 100 cm. More than 36% of the leucaena15N and fertilizer15N added in the first year was apparently lost from the soil-plant system in the first two years. No further loss of the residual leucaena and fertilizer15N was detected after two years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00749953
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen cycling in leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) alley cropping in semi-arid tropics (1993)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 148 (1993), S. 63-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: alley cropping ; C/N ratio ; decomposition ; fertilizer N ; leucaena N ; leucaena residues ; lignin ; maize ; N mineralization ; 15N recovery ; N uptake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The success of alley cropping depends to a large extent on the efficiency of transfer of nitrogen (N) from the legume hedgerow plants to the non-legume crop. Here the idea is examined that leucaena prunings (residues) can supply enough N to maize plants to significantly reduce the degree of N deficiency. Two experiments on decomposition of leucaena leaf, stem, and petiole and mineralization of N from leucaena residues were conducted in field microplots which received application of either15N-labelled leucaena materials or ammonium sulphate fertilizer. The microplots were installed in alleys formed by leucaena hedgerows spaced 4.5 metres apart and cropped with maize. The decomposition of leucaena leaves, stems and petioles was estimated by several methods. The decomposition ranged from 50–58% with leaves, 25–67% with stems and 38–51% with petioles 20 days after addition. More than 55% of the N was released in 52 days during decomposition of leucaena residues. By 20 days after application of15N-labelled leucaena 3.3–9.4% of the added15N was found in the maize plants, 32.7–49.0% was in the leucaena residues, 36.0–48.0% in the soil and 0.3–21.9% lost (deficit). By 52 days 4.8% of the15N applied in leucaena prunings was taken up by maize, 45.1% was detected in the residues, 24.9% in the soil and 25.2% lost. However, when N fertilizer was applied, 50.2% of the fertilizer N was recovered by maize, 35.5% was retained in the soil and 14.3% apparently lost. There was a marked increase in maize plant dry matter and N uptake in the microplots with addition of leucaena prunings compared with those in the microplots without leucaena added. Most of the15N remaining in the soil profile, derived from leucaena residues, was detected in the top 25 cm soil with less than 2% found below 25 cm. ei]H Lambers
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02185385
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen cycling in leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) alley cropping in semi-arid tropics (1993)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 148 (1993), S. 73-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: decomposition ; fertilizer N ; leucaena residues ; maize residues ; N loss ; N uptake ; 15N recovery ; residue incorporation ; residue N
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In an alley cropping system, prunings from the hedgerow legume are expected to supply nitrogen (N) to the associated cereal. However, this may not be sufficient to achieve maximum crop yield. Three field experiments with alley-cropped maize were conducted in a semi-arid environment in northern Australia to determine: (1) the effect of N fertilizer on maize growth in the presence of fresh leucaena prunings; (2) the effect of incorporation of leucaena and maize residues on maize yield and the fate of plant residue15N in the alley cropping system; and (3) the15N recovery by maize from15N-labelled leucaena, maize residues and ammonium sulphate fertilizer. Leucaena residues increased maize crop yield and N uptake although they did not entirely satisfy the N requirement of the alley crop. Additional N fertilizer further increased the maize yield and N uptake in the presence of leucaena residues. Placement of leucaena residues had little effect on the availability of N to maize plants over a 2 month period. The incorporation of leucaena residues in the soil did not increase the recovery of leucaena15N by maize compared with placement of the residues on the soil surface. After 2 months, similar proportions of the residue15N were recovered by maize from mulched leucaena (6.3%), incorporated leucaena (6.1%) and incorporated maize (7.6%). By the end of one cropping season (3 months after application) about 9% of the added15N was taken up by maize from either15N-labelled leucaena as mulch or15N-labelled maize residues applied together with unlabelled fresh leucaena prunings as mulch. The recovery of the added15N was much higher (42.7%) from the15N-labelled ammonium sulphate fertilizer at 40 kg N ha-1 in the presence of unlabelled leucaena prunings. Most of the added15N recovered in the 200 cm soil profile was distributed in the top 25 cm soil with little leached below that. About 27–41% of the leucaena15N was apparently lost, largely through denitrification from the soil and plant system, in one cropping season. This compared with 35% of the fertilizer15N lost when the N fertilizer was applied in the presence of prunings. ei]H Lambers
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02185386
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