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  • Articles  (56)
  • Physics  (56)
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  • Articles  (56)
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  • 1
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    Velocities in the Plume of the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull Eruption (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-04
    Description: [1]  The eruption of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull in the spring of 2010 lasted for 39 days with an explosive phase (14–18 April), an effusive phase (18 April–4 May) and a phase with renewed explosive activity (5–17 May). Images every 5 seconds from a camera mounted 34 km from the volcano are available for most of the eruption. Applying the maximum cross-correlation method (MCC) on these images, the velocity structure of the eruption cloud has been mapped in detail for four time intervals covering the three phases of the eruption. The results show that on average there are updrafts in one part of the cloud, and lateral motion or downdrafts in another. Even within the updraft part, there are alternating motions of strong updrafts, weak updrafts and downward motion. These results show a highly variable plume driven by intermittent explosions. The results are discussed in the context of integral plume models, and in terms of elementary parcel theory.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
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    Meteorological buoy observations from the central Iceland Sea (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-28
    Description: We present the first continuous in situ atmospheric observations from the central Iceland Sea collected from a meteorological buoy deployed for a two-year period between November 23, 2007 and August 21, 2009. We use these observations to evaluate the ERA-Interim reanalysis product and demonstrate that it represented low-level meteorological fields and surface turbulent fluxes in this region very well. The buoy observations showed that moderate to strong winds were common from any direction, while wind speeds below 5 m s -1 were relatively rare. The observed low-level air temperature and surface heat fluxes were related to the wind direction with cold-air outbreaks most common from the northwest. Mean wintertime turbulent heat fluxes were modest (〈60 W m -2 ), but the range was substantial. High heat flux events, greater than 200 W m -2 , typically occurred every 1-2 weeks in the winter, with each event lasting on average 2.5 days with an average total turbulent heat flux of ~200 W m -2 . The most pronounced high heat flux events over the central Iceland Sea were associated with cold-air outbreaks from the north and west forced by a deep Lofoten Low over the Norwegian Sea.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 3
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    The impact of the atmosphere on the Eyjafjallajökull 2010 eruption plume (2012)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-01-06
    Description: The eruption of Eyjafjallajökull volcano in 2010 lasted 39 days, 14 April–23 May. The eruption had two explosive phases separated by a phase with lava formation and reduced explosive activity. During the explosive phases there were episodes of strong winds that advected ash to the south and southeast leading to widespread disruptions in air traffic. The height of the eruption plume was monitored with a weather radar and with web cameras mounted with a view of the volcano. Three different types of the impact of the ambient atmosphere on the eruption plume are described. First, the weather situation throughout the eruption has been analyzed. The frequency of northerly wind component is found to be unusually high, or 71% in comparison to 49% on average in spring. Secondly, during the effusive phase of the eruption diurnal variation was observed in the plume altitude and there is evidence that suggest that nocturnal inversions may have played a role, limiting the rise of the weak plume. Thirdly, images from a web camera were analyzed and the rise of individual cloud heads associated with explosions at the volcano vent mapped. The velocity profiles obtained largely agree with conceptual models of volcanic plumes.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 4
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    Galapagos hydrothermal mounds: stratigraphy and chemistry revealed by deep-sea drilling (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-05-11
    Description: The Galapagos mounds sea-floor hydrothermal system is at least 300,000 years old and once produced manganese-poor sediments, which nearly blanketed the area of the present mounds field. Present-day mound deposits are limited manganese-rich exposures, suggesting that the system has changed from rock-to water-dominated and has diminished in intensity with time.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Natland, J H -- Rosendahl, B -- Hekinian, R -- Dmitriev, Y -- Fodor, R V -- Goll, R M -- Hoffert, M -- Humphris, S E -- Mattey, D P -- Petersen, N -- Roggenthen, W -- Schrader, E L -- Srivastava, R K -- Warren, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 May 11;204(4393):613-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17839484" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Interaction of convulsive ligands with benzodiazepine receptors (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-06-11
    Description: The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-benzodiazepine receptor complex, which is composed of distinct proteins embedded in the neuronal plasma membrane, is important for several effects of benzodiazepines, including protection afforded against convulsions. During structural modification of ethyl beta-carboline-3-carboxylate an agent was discovered which has high affinity for brain benzodiazepine receptors but which is a potent convulsant. Also in contrast to benzodiazepines, this type of benzodiazepine receptor ligand favors benzodiazepine receptors in the non-GABA-stimulated conformation, which may explain the convulsive properties.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Braestrup, C -- Schmiechen, R -- Neef, G -- Nielsen, M -- Petersen, E N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jun 11;216(4551):1241-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6281892" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Allosteric Regulation ; Animals ; Carbolines/*metabolism ; Cerebellum/metabolism ; *Convulsants ; Indoles/*metabolism ; Ligands ; Macromolecular Substances ; Neural Inhibition ; Rats ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism ; Receptors, Drug/classification/*metabolism ; Receptors, GABA-A
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Mass mortality and its environmental and evolutionary consequences (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-04-16
    Description: The latest Mesozoic and earliest Tertiary sediments at Deep Sea Drilling Project site 524 provide an amplified record of environmental and biostratographic changes at the end of Cretaceous. Closely spaced samples, representing time intervals as short as 10(2) or 10(3) years, were analyzed for their bulk carbonate and trace-metal compositions, and for oxygen and carbon isotopic compositions. The data indicate that at the end of Cretaceous, when a high proportion of the ocean's planktic organisms were eliminated, an associated reduction in productivity led to a partial transfer of dissolved carbon dioxide from the oceans to the atmosphere. This resulted in a large increase of the atmospheric carbon dioxide during the next 50,000 years, which is believed to have caused a temperature rise revealed by the oxygen-isotope data. The lowermost Tertiary sediments at site 524 include fossils with Cretaceous affinities, which may include both reworked individuals and some forms that survived for a while after the catastrophe. Our data indicate that many of the Cretaceous pelagic organisms became extinct over a period of a few tens of thousands of years, and do not contradict the scenario of cometary impact as a cause of mass mortality in the oceans, as suggested by an iridium anomaly at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hsu, K J -- He, Q -- McKenzie, J A -- Weissert, H -- Perch-Nielsen, K -- Oberhansli, H -- Kelts, K -- Labrecque, J -- Tauxe, L -- Krahenbuhl, U -- Percival, S F Jr -- Wright, R -- Karpoff, A M -- Petersen, N -- Tucker, P -- Poore, R Z -- Gombos, A M -- Pisciotto, K -- Carman, M F Jr -- Schreiber, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Apr 16;216(4543):249-56.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17832725" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inverse kinematic problem for a random gradient medium in geometric optics approximation (1990)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 132 (1990), S. 417-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Scattering ; random inhomogeneities ; travel time ; inversion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Scattering at random inhomogeneities in a gradient medium results in systematic deviations of the rays and travel times of refracted body waves from those corresponding to the deterministic velocity component. The character of the difference depends on the parameters of the deterministic and random velocity component. However, at great distances to the source, independently of the velocity parameters (weakly or strongly inhomogeneous medium), the most probable depth of the ray turning point is smaller than that corresponding to the deterministic velocity component, the most probable travel times also being lower. The relative uncertainty in the deterministic velocity component, derived from the mean travel times using methods developed for laterally homogeneous media (for instance, the Herglotz-Wiechert method), is systematic in character, but does not exceed the contrast of velocity inhomogeneities by magnitude. The gradient of the deterministic velocity component has a significant effect on the travel-time fluctuations. The variance at great distances to the source is mainly controlled by shallow inhomogeneities. The travel-time flucutations are studied only for weakly inhomogeneous media.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00874372
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Half life of yeast messenger RNA (1976)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 260 (1976), S. 70-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The incorporation of 14C-adenine into mRNA has been followed in total mRNA and in the poly(A) portion of mRNA. The total mRNA was obtained from polysomes isolated on sucrose gradients. To separate rRNA and mRNA, the poly-some fractions were collected and rerun on 1030% sucrose gradients in low ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/260070a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetotactic bacteria and their magnetofossils in sediments
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Earth and Planetary Science Letters 86 (1987), S. 389-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 0012-821X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0012-821X(87)90235-4
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palaeomagnetic properties of the Middle-Upper Devonian Volcanics of the Orkney Islands
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Earth and Planetary Science Letters 14 (1972), S. 269-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 0012-821X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0012-821X(72)90019-2
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