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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 390 (1997), S. 454-456 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Elongated, segmented forms found on fracture surfaces within the martian meteorite ALH84001 have been proposed to be martian ‘nanofossils’, even though they appear too small to be fossilized bacteria. We have examined similar forms and find that the majority are (non-biological) ...
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of soil science 45 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The occurrence of greigite (Fe3S4) in soils is reported for the first time. It forms irregularly-shaped aggregations within plant cells in the Gr2 horizon of a gley soil developed from colluvial material. Greigite was identified by X-ray diffraction and magnetic measurements and was investigated by optical and transmission electron microscopy. Biogenic formation is proposed, based on the elongated shape of single greigite crystals, and sulphur isotope analyses, which showed a depletion in 34S relative to the soil-water sulphate. The cell-edge length of 0.98639±0.00003 nm is significantly smaller than values reported for sedimentary greigite. The mean coherence length of 27 nm agrees with TEM observations and indicates that the single greigite crystals lie in the superparamagnetic region. However, the fine aggregates show magnetically single-domain behaviour. Greigite is the only carrier of a stable magnetic remanence in the soil profile studied.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Earth and Planetary Science Letters 86 (1987), S. 389-400 
    ISSN: 0012-821X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 46 (1987), S. 197-205 
    ISSN: 0031-9201
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The carrier of the natural magnetization of deep sea sediments was characterized by mineralogical, electron microscopic, and rock magnetic investigations. Magnetic single domain (SD) and pseudo single domain (PSD) particles which are most important for the stable remanent magnetization were separated from the magnetic »coarse fraction« and concentrated as magnetic »fine fraction«. The magnetic coarse fraction consists of lithogenic magnetite and titanomagnetite, which often contains exsolution-lamellae of ilmenite. Both minerals are partially maghematized and occur isolated in the sediment or embedded in rock particles, in regionally different concentrations. The magnetic fine fraction consists of lithogenic magnetite and titanomagnetite and biogenic magnetite (magnetofossils = fossil bacterial magnetosomes), the latter generally maghematized. A graphical method is described which allows the classification and characterization of the magnetic fine fraction by demagnetization of the anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) of whole sediment samples. Three groups with different magnetic properties can be distinguished, characterized by three ARM type-curves: Type A curves are associated with sediments from abyssal plaines. They show nearly identical ARM properties and are typical for magnetofossils. Type B curves are produced by sediments from the vicinity of volcanic regions. Their shapes are variable to a certain degree and indicate two lithogenic magnetic phases. Type C curves are found for sediments from submarine ridges and regions with input of terrigenous detritus. These curves have the largest deviations among each other indicating a magnetic multi-phase assemblage including magnetofossils.
    Abstract: Résumé Les minéraux porteurs du magnétisme dans les sédiments de mer profonde ont été explorés par les méthodes de la minéralogie, de la microscopie électronique et du magnétisme des roches. Les particules qui correspondent à un domaine magnétique unique (SD) et pseudo-unique (PSD), significatives pour un magnétisme rénanent stable, ont été concentrées comme «fraction magnétique fine» après séparation de la «fraction magnétique grossière». Cette dernière consiste en magnétite et titanomagnétite lithogéniques, qui renferment souvent des lamelles d'exsolution d'ilménite. Ces deux minéraux sont partiellement maghémitisés; ils se présentent isolés ou inclus dans des fragments de roches, avec des concentrations régionales diverses. La fraction magnétique fine consiste en magnétite et titanomagnétite lithogéniques, ainsi qu'en magnétite biogénique (magnétofossile = magnétosome fossile bactérien), cette dernière ordinairement maghemitisée. Les auteurs présentent une méthode graphique qui permet de caractériser la fraction magnétique fine à partir de l'examen du magnétisme rémanent anhystérique (ARM) de l'échantillon de sédiment. Cette méthode permet de distinguer trois groupes de propriétés magnétiques différentes, caractérisés par trois types de courbes ARM. Les courbes de type A caractérisent les sédiments de plaines abyssales; elles montrent des propriétés ARM presque identiques et sont typiques pour les magnétofossiles. Les courbes de types B sont fournies par les sédiments voisins des régions volcaniques; leurs formes varient dans une certaine mesure et indiquent un système à deux composants magnétiques lithogéniques. Les courbes de type C correspondent aux sédiments des crêtes sous-marines et des régions à apports terrigènes; ces courbes présentent entre elles des différences plus marquées, ce qui indique un système magnétique à composants multiples, comportant des magnétofossiles.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Träger der Magnetisierung von Tiefseesedimenten wurden mineralogisch, elektronenmikroskopisch und gesteinsmagnetisch untersucht. Magnetische Eindomänen (SD) und Pseudo-Eindomänen (PSD) Partikel, die für eine stabile remanente Magnetisierung wichtig sind, wurden als magnetische »Feinfraktion« von der magnetischen »Grobfraktion« abgetrennt. Die magnetische Grobfraktion besteht aus lithogenem Titanomagnetit und Magnetit die teilweise maghemitisiert sind und teilweise auch Ilmenit-Entmischungslamellen aufweisen. In regional unterschiedlichen Konzentrationen liegen sie frei im Sediment oder in silikatischer Matrix eingebettet vor. Die magnetische Feinfraktion besteht sowohl aus lithogenem Titanomagnetit und Magnetit, als auch aus biogenem Magnetit (Magnetofossilien = fossile bakterielle Magnetosomen); letzterer ist größtenteils maghemitisiert. Es wird eine grafische Darstellungsmethode beschrieben, die anhand von Untersuchungen der anhysteretischen remanenten Magnetisierung (ARM) von Sedimentproben eine Charakterisierung der magnetischen Feinfraktion erlaubt. Es lassen sich dadurch drei Gruppen mit unterschiedlichen magnetischen Eigenschaften unterscheiden, die durch drei Gruppen von ARM-Kurventypen charakterisiert sind. Kurventyp A wird bei Sedimenten aus Tiefsee-Ebenen beobachtet. Die ARM-Daten sind nahezu identisch und zeigen ein Verhalten, wie es für Magnetofossilien typisch ist. Kurventyp B tritt bei Sedimenten aus dem Einzugsbereich vulkanischer Gebiete auf. Er zeigt eine größere Variation und die Form der Kurven spricht für ein System aus zwei lithogenen magnetischen Komponenten. Kurventyp C gehört zu Sedimenten aus submarinen Rücken und dem Einzugsgebiet terrigener Schüttungen. Die Kurvenverläufe sind uneinheitlich und sprechen für ein magnetisches Mehrkomponenten-System mit Beteiligung von Magnetofossilien.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 495-497 (Sept. 2005), p. 705-710 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Owing to their lower modulus, great corrosion resistance and superior biocompatibility, titanium alloys are increasingly used as artificial joint replacements. However bone bonding capability of these materials needs to be improved. Many studies are currently conducted to improve the osseo-integration of titanium based implants. In the present study, the role of crystallographic texture of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V on bone bonding capability was investigated in vitro systems. X-ray diffraction analysis was used to determine preferred orientation in each substrate. These substrates were seeded with preosteoblast cells to examine cell attachment and proliferation. Attachment of cells was assessed by counting the number of adhered cells within 30-240 min. The proliferation rate of cells was measured between the 3rd-11th days of incubation. The results suggest that the substrate with(100) orientation shows better osteoblastic cell adhesion and proliferation rate than the (110)
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Keywords: Mineral magnetism ; Mössbauer spectroscopy ; Mineraliennamen: Nontronite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract On heating the paramagnetic clay mineral nontronite for ≈ 30 h at 970 °C in air, a new ferrimagnetic phase forms which was studied by magnetic techniques, microprobe analysis, x-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The new phase has a Curie temperature T c ≈ 240°C and high magnetic anisotropy at room temperature with a spontaneous magnetization 〉12 Am2/kg. Semiquantitative microprobe analyses show Fe to be the dominating consistuent. X-ray analysis points to a lattice which may be similar to that of ɛ-Fe2O3 but differs from it in detail. 57Fe Mössbauer spectra, taken between 78 K and 295 °C, can be deconvoluted into three sextet subpatterns in the ferrimagnetic region which are well resolved at room temperature and exhibit a rather small line width. Above T c, a doublet is visible which is typical for Fe3+ ions.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 31 (1996), S. 6177-6184 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The surface morphology and microstructure of a series of melt extracted ZrO2-Al2O3 based fibres (ZA, ZAT and ZAS) have been imaged at the nanometre scale by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using an advanced Pt/C replica technique. Growth characteristics of ZrO2, Al2O3 and other crystalline phases formed upon heating up to 1550 °C are illustrated and described. Several grain morphologies including spherical and polygonal grains, as well as grains with rounded plate-like growth were observed indicating different active growth mechanisms. ZrO2 particles on the surface of the fibres were almost spherical with some facetting and rounding of corners. These grains were very fine (〈 50 nm) in the ZA and ZAS fibres while they were several microns in size in the ZAT fibres. Al2O3 grains were generally much larger (up to several microns) and exhibited two distinct growth morphologies of layered and rhombohedral type. Different grain morphologies of the ZA and ZAS fibres have been correlated to the phases identified by X-ray diffraction.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 18 (1999), S. 1047-1049 
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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