ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: Several years ago, John Rakovan and John Hughes (colleagues at Miami of Ohio), and later Matt Kohn (at South Carolina), separately proposed short courses on phosphate minerals to the Council of the Mineralogical Society of America (MSA). Council suggested that they join forces. Thus this volume, Phosphates: Geochemical, Geobiological, and Materials Importance, was organized. It was prepared in advance of a short course of the same title, sponsored by MSA and presented at Golden, Colorado, October 25-27. We are pleased to present this volume entitled Phosphates: Geochemical, Geobiological and Materials Importance. Phosphate minerals are an integral component of geological and biological systems. They are found in virtually all rocks, are the major structural component of vertebrates, and when dissolved are critical for biological activity. This volume represents the work of many authors whose research illustrates how the unique chemical and physical behavior of phosphate minerals permits a wide range of applications that encompasses phosphate mineralogy, petrology, biomineralization, geochronology, and materials science. While diverse, these fields are all linked structurally, crystal-chemically and geochemically. As geoscientists turn their attention to the intersection of the biological, geological, and material science realms, there is no group of compounds more germane than the phosphates. The chapters of this book are grouped into five topics: Mineralogy and Crystal Chemistry, Petrology, Biomineralization, Geochronology, and Materials Applications. In the first section, three chapters are devoted to mineralogical aspects of apatite, a phase with both inorganic and organic origins, the most abundant phosphate mineral on earth, and the main mineral phase in the human body. Monazite and xenotime are highlighted in a fourth chapter, which includes their potential use as solid-state radioactive waste repositories. The Mineralogy and Crystal Chemistry section concludes with a detailed examination of the crystal chemistry of 244 other naturally-occurring phosphate phases and a listing of an additional 126 minerals. In the Petrology section, three chapters detail the igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary aspects of phosphate minerals. A fourth chapter provides a close look at analyzing phosphates for major, minor, and trace elements using the electron microprobe. A final chapter treats the global geochemical cycling of phosphate, a topic of intense, current geochemical interest. The Biomineralization section begins with a summary of the current state of research on bone, dentin and enamel phosphates, a topic that crosses disciplines that include mineralogical, medical, and dental research. The following two chapters treat the stable isotope and trace element compositions of modern and fossil biogenic phosphates, with applications to paleontology, paleoclimatology, and paleoecology. The Geochronology section focuses principally on apatite and monazite for U-ThPb, (U- Th)/He, and fission-track age determinations; it covers both classical geochronologic techniques as well as recent developments. The final section-Materials Applications-highlights how phosphate phases play key roles in fields such as optics, luminescence, medical engineering and prosthetics, and engineering of radionuclide repositories. These chapters provide a glimpse of the use of natural phases in engineering and biomedical applications and illustrate fruitful areas of future research in geochemical, geobiological and materials science. We hope all chapters in this volume encourage researchers to expand their work on all aspects of natural and synthetic phosphate compounds.

Description / Table of Contents: R. B. Rickards and A. J. Chapman: Preface / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:vii-ix, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.01 --- J. Rigby: A critique of graptolite classification, and a revision of the suborders Diplograptina and Monograptina / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:1-12, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.02 --- Adam Urbanek and Piotr Mierzejewski: A possible new pattern of cortical deposit in Tremadoc dendroid graptolites from chert nodules / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:13-19, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.03 --- Bernd-Dietrich Erdtmann: On the anisograptid affiliation of ‘Dictyonema’ flabelliforme (Eichwald 1840) and its nomenclatural consequences / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:21-25, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.04 --- A. C. Lenz and D. E. Jackson: Arenig and Llanvirn graptolite biostratigraphy, Canadian Cordillera / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:27-45, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.05 --- Stanley C. Finney and Stig M. Bergström: Biostratigraphy of the Ordovician Nemagraptus gracilis Zone / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:47-59, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.06 --- Stig M. Bergström: Biostratigraphic integration of Ordovician graptolite and conodont zones—a regional review / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:61-78, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.07 --- N. W. Schleiger: Cluster analysis of isograptid individuals from Bullengarook, Victoria, Australia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:79-96, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.08 --- Nils Spjeldnaes: Astogenetic development of some lower Ordovician graptolites from Norway / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:97-102, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.09 --- Stanley C. Finney: Heterochrony, punctuated equilibrium, and graptolite zonal boundaries / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:103-113, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.10 --- Jianhua Yu and Yiting Fang: The Ordovician graptolite-bearing strata of Xiushui drainage basin, Jiangxi, southern China and their correlation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:115-117, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.11 --- Charles E. Mitchell: Morphometric studies of Climacograptus (Hall) and the phylogenetic significance of astogeny / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:119-129, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.12 --- Li-pu Fu: Graptolite zones of upper Ordovician to middle Silurian age in a continuous section at Ziyang, Shaanxi, China / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:131-134, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.13 --- William B.N. Berry: Stratigraphic significance of Glyptograptus persculptus group graptolites in central Nevada, U.S.A. / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:135-143, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.14 --- P. Legrand: The lower Silurian graptolites of Oued In Djerane: a study of populations at the Ordovician-Silurian boundary / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:145-153, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.15 --- A.M. Obut and N.V. Sennikov: Graptolite zones in the Ordovician and Silurian of the Gorny Altai / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:155-164, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.16 --- S. Henry Williams: Top Ordovician and lowest Silurian of Dob’s Linn / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:165-171, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.17 --- Shi-cheng Huo and De-gan Shu: The Silurian graptolite-bearing strata in China / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:173-179, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.18 --- Merete Bjerreskov: Silurian graptolites from N Greenland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:181-189, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.19 --- Bao Deng: On the morphological characteristics of the spiralis group and the stratigraphic significance of the appearance of Cyrtograptus / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:191-195, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.20 --- Shi-cheng Huo, De-gan Shu, and Fu Li-pu: A mathematical study of the Cyrtograptus sakmaricus lineage with discussions of the evolutionary trends in this lineage / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:197-205, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.21 --- A. M. Obut and N. M. Zaslavskaya: Families of Retiolitida and their phylogenetic relations / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:207-219, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.22 --- D. E. B. Bates and N. H. Kirk: Mode of secretion of graptolite periderm, in normal and retiolite graptolites / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:221-236, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.23 --- J. Paškevičius: Assemblages of Silurian graptolites in various facies of the East Baltic region / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:237-245, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.24 --- Milena Mihajlović Pavlović: Silurian graptolites from Serbia, Yugoslavia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:247, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.25 --- D. C. Palmer: The monotypic ‘population’ accompanying the lectotype of Saetograptus varians (Wood 1900) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:249-259, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.26 --- P. N. Dilly: Modern pterobranchs: observations on their behaviour and tube building / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:261-269, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.27

Description / Table of Contents: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:1-11, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.01 --- The symposium meeting / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:13-14, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.02 --- Part I: Symposium Papers --- Introduction to Part I / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:15-16, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.03 --- John Watson Cowie: Life in Pre-Cambrian and early Cambrian times / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:17-35, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.04 --- Roland Goldring: The significance of certain trace-fossil ranges / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:37-39, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.05 --- Michael Robert House: Fluctuations in the evolution of Palaeozoic intertebrates / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:41-54, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.06 --- Victor Gordon Walmsley: The origins of some Silurian enteletacean brachiopods / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:55-56, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.07 --- Frank Harold Trevor Rhodes: Permo-Triassic extinction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:57-76, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.08 --- C. B. Cox: Changes in terrestrial vertebrate faunas during the Mesozoic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:77-89, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.09 --- John Michael Hancock: Some Cretaceous-Tertiary marine faunal changes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:91-104, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.10 --- Graeme Maxwell Philip: Major features of the evolution of echinoids / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:105-106, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.11 --- Norman Francis Hughes and John Smart: Plant-insect relationships in Palaeozoic and later time / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:107-117, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.12 --- Lambert Beverly Halstead Tarlo: Biochemical evolution and the fossil record / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:119-132, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.13 --- James Fisher: Fossil birds and their adaptive radiation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:133-154, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.14 --- General Discussion / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:155-156, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.15 --- Part II: Documentation of the Fossil Record --- Introduction to Part II / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:158-159, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.16 --- Plantae --- N. F. H.: Plantae / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:162, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.17 --- H. P. Banks, K. I. M. Chesters, N. F. Hughes, G. A. L. Johnson, H. M. Johnson, and L. R. Moore: Chapter 1 Thallophyta—1 / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:163-180, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.18 --- M. Black, C. Downie, R. Ross, and W. A. S. Sarjeant: Chapter 2 Thallophyta—2 / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:181-209, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.19 --- L. J. Grambast and W. S. Lacey: Chapter 3 Bryophyta and Charophyta* / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:211-217, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.20 --- H. P. Banks, W. G. Chaloner, and W. S. Lacey: Chapter 4 Pteridophyta—1 / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:219-231, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.21 --- H. P. Banks, M. G. Collett, F. R. Gnauck, and N. F. Hughes: Chapter 5 Pteridophyta—2 / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:233-245, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.22 --- K.L. Alvin, P. D. W. Barnard, T.M. Harris, N. F. Hughes, R. H. Wagner, and A. Wesley: Chapter 6 Gymnospermophyta / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:247-268, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.23 --- K. I. M. Chesters, F. R. Gnauck, and N. F. Hughes: Chapter 7 Angiospermae / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:269-288, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.24 --- Invertebrata --- M. J. S. R.: Invertebrata / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:290, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.25 --- F. T. Banner, W. J. Clarke, J. L. Cutbill, F. E. Eames, A. J. Lloyd, W. R. Riedel, and A. H. Smout: Chapter 8 Protozoa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:291-332, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.26 --- R. M. Finks and D. Hill: Chapter 9 Porifera and Archaeocyatha / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:333-345, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.27 --- G. A. L. Johnson, I. D. Sutton, F. M. Taylor, and G. Thomas: Chapter 10 Coelenterata / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:347-378, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.28 --- G. P. Larwood, A. W. Medd, D. E. Owen, and R. Tavener-Smith: Chapter 11 Bryozoa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:379-395, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.29 --- D. V. Ager, P. Copper, G. M. Dunlop, G. F. Elliott, F. A. Middlemiss, A. J. Rowell, A. Williams, and A. D. Wright: Chapter 12 Brachiopoda / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:397-421, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.30 --- D. Curry and N. J. Morris: Chapter 13 Mollusca: Amphineura, Monoplacophora and Gastropoda / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:423-430, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.31 --- C.H. Holland: Chapter 14 Mollusca: Cephalopoda (Nautiloidea) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:431-443, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.32 --- D. T. Donovan, F. Hodson, M. K. Howarth, M. R. House, E. T. Tozer, and C. W. Wright: Chapter 15 Mollusca: Cephalopoda (Ammonoidea) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:445-460, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.33 --- D. T. Donovan and J. M. Hancock: Chapter 16 Mollusca: Cephalopoda (Coleoidea) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:461-467, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.34 --- N. J. Morris: Chapter 17 Mollusca: Scaphopoda and Bivalvia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:469-477, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.35 --- J. W. Cowie, W. T. Dean, R. Goldring, W. D. I. Rolfe, A. W. A. Rushton, J. T. Temple, and R. P. Tripp: Chapter 18 Arthropoda: Protarthropoda and Trilobitomorpha / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:479-497, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.36 --- R. A. Crowson, W. D. I. Rolfe, J. Smart, C. D. Waterston, E. C. Willey, and R. J. Wootton: Chapter 19 Arthropoda: Chelicerata, Pycnogonida, Palaeoisopus, Myriapoda and Insecta / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:499-534, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.37 --- R. H. Bate, J. S. H. Collins, J. E. Robinson, and W. D. I. Rolfe: Chapter 20 Arthropoda: Crustacea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:535-563, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.38 --- R. P. S. Jefferies, K. A. Joysey, C. R. C. Paul, and W. H. C. Ramsbottom: Chapter 21 Echinodermata: Pelmatozoa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:565-581, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.39 --- B. N. Fletcher, G. M. Philip, and C. W. Wright: Chapter 22 Echinodermata: Eleutherozoa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:583-599, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.40 --- C. H. Holland, R. B. Rickards, D. Skevington, I. Strachan, and L. B. H. Tarlo: Chapter 23 Chordata: Hemichordata (including Graptolithina), Pogonophora, Urochordata and Cephalochordata / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:601-611, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.41 --- C. Downie, D. W. Fisher, R. Goldring, and F. H. T. Rhodes: Chapter 24 Miscellanea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:613-626, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.42 --- Vertebrata --- L. B. H. T.: Vertebrata / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:628, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.43 --- L. B. H. Tarlo: Chapter 25 Agnatha / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:629-636, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.44 --- S. M. Andrews, B. G. Gardiner, R. S. Miles, and C. Patterson: Chapter 26 Pisces / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:637-683, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.45 --- A. L. Panchen: Chapter 27 Amphibia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:685-694, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.46 --- R. M. Appleby, A. J. Charig, C. B. Cox, K. A. Kermack, and L. B. H. Tarlo: Chapter 28 Reptilia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:695-731, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.47 --- James M. McC. Fisher: Chapter 29 Aves / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:733-762, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.48 --- P. M. Butler, W. A. Clemens, S. F. Graham, D. A. Hooijer, K. A. Kermack, B. Patterson, W. D. L. Ride, D. E. Russell, R. J. G. Savage, E. L. Simons, L. B. H. Tarlo, L. Thaler, and T. Whitworth: Chapter 30 Mammalia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:763-787, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.49 --- Part III: Computer Analysis --- J. L. Cutbill and B. M. Funnell: Numerical analysis of The Fossil Record / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:791-820, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.50

Description / Table of Contents: The mountains of the Mediterranean world are now largely ice free, but many were repeatedly glaciated during the Quaternary ice age. This created spectacular glaciated landscapes with a rich array of glacial deposits and landforms. The glacial and glacio-fluvial records are often very well preserved and our understanding of the timing of Quaternary glaciation has very recently been transformed through the application of dating methods utilizing uranium-series and cosmogenic isotopes. Glacial records from the Mediterranean now boast some of the most robust chronologies for mountain glaciation anywhere in the world – they represent a unique archive of Quaternary environmental change of global significance. The southerly latitude and relatively small size of Mediterranean glaciers rendered them especially sensitive to Pleistocene and Holocene climate changes. This volume brings together the leading researchers and the latest research on Mediterranean glaciation. Several papers also explore glacier behaviour in the Holocene – including those glaciers of southernmost Europe at risk of disappearing this century.