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  • Articles  (38)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Manganese-oxidizing ability of isolates of the take-all fungus is correlated with virulence (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 22 (1996), S. 272-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Take all ; Manganese oxidation ; Virulence ; Wheat ; Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici ; Epidemiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Two successive experiments described here show that the Mn-oxidizing ability of isolates of the take-all fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici is positively correlated with the isolate virulence. Isolates of G. graminis var. tritici were screened for virulence on wheat in soil culture pot tests and visually scored for Mn-oxidizing capacity on agar plates. A comparison between experiments showed that the Mn-oxidizing abilility of an isolate may be attenuated, as is virulence, with subculturing. Using a solution culture system, we calculated the rate of oxidation of Mn2+ by a virulent isolate, Ggt 500, as 4 nmol g–1 (dry weight hyphae) h–1. The significance of these results to the epidemiology of the take-all disease of wheat is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00382524
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of manganese-reducing rhizosphere bacteria on the growth of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici and on manganese uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (1991)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 12 (1991), S. 33-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Mn reduction ; Rhizosphere bacteria ; Gaeumannomyces graminis ; Antagonism ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Five bacterial strains capable of Mn reduction were isolated from the rhizosphere of plants growing in different South Australian soils. They differed in their Mn-reducing capacity. The antagonism of these strains compared to the imported strain 2–79 (from the United States) against Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici was tested in agar and in a soil sandwich experiment at different Mn2+ concentrations in the soil. In addition, wheat seeds were coated with the different strains and with MnSO4 or with MnSO4 only in order to investigate their effect on plant growth and Mn uptake. With one exception, all strains inhibited the growth of G. graminis in agar, but to different degrees. In contrast, only two strains significantly inhibited the growth of the fungus in the soil. The hyphal density was decreased more than the hyphal length. The Mn2+ concentration in the soil also had a marked effect on fungal growth; low Mn concentrations slightly increased while high Mn concentrations strongly decreased the fungal growth. Seed treatment with MnSO4 only (+Mn) increased Mn uptake above that of the control (no seed treatment). Only the weakest Mn reducer on agar significantly increased plant growth and Mn uptake from soil in comparison with the Mn treatment. One strain was tested as seed coating without adding MnSO4; it increased the plant growth to an extent similar to the Mn treatment. Increasing the Mn uptake by plants may be one of the growth-promoting effects exerted by rhizosphere bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00369385
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Male sterility in wheat plants deficient in copper (1975)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 254 (1975), S. 514-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Copper-deficient wheat plants developed small anthers, commonly less than half as long as those of normal plants and of about one-tenth the volume (Fig. 1). Pollen grains were fewer in number, small, and often dented like deflated footballs (Fig. 1). Copper-deficient pollen did not stain with ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/254514a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inheritance of tolerance to zinc deficiency in barley (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 122 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is often grown on alkaline zinc (Zn)-deficient soils where reductions in yield and grain quality are frequently reported. Currently, the use of Zn-based fertilizer along with Zn-deficiency-tolerant genotypes is considered the most thorough approach for cropping the Zn-deficient soils; however, developing or breeding genotypes with higher Zn efficiency requires a good understanding of the inheritance of tolerance to Zn deficiency. This study was conducted to determine genetic control of this trait in barley. Two parental cultivars ('Skiff, moderately tolerant; and ‘Forrest’, sensitive), 185 F2 plants, and 48 F2-derived F3 families from this cross were screened to determine inheritance of tolerance to Zn deficiency using a visual score of deficiency symptoms. The segregation ratios observed indicated that greater tolerance to Zn deficiency in ‘Skiff compared with ‘Forrest’ at the seedling stage is controlled by a single gene with no dominance. The results also indicate that visual scores are useful for genetic analysis of tolerance to Zn deficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2003.00845.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A critical analysis of the causes of boron toxicity in plants (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 27 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: This study investigated the main factors contributing to boron toxicity in plants. Growth was rapidly inhibited by internal B concentrations in the range 1–5 m m across a range of plant types that included monocot, dicot and algal species. In contrast, mature cells were able to withstand up to 60 m m B for several days. In wheat, rapid inhibition of root growth occurred if high B was applied to the root tip, but not if high B was applied to mature sections of the root. In leaves, there were gradations in B concentrations that correlated with visible symptoms of toxicity. However, there was no evidence to support the hypothesis that toxicity in leaves is due to osmotic stress induced by the accumulation of B. Analysis of the sensitivity to B of a range of metabolic processes including photosynthesis, respiration and protein synthesis leads to the conclusion that growth is not restricted by effects of B on energy supply and not directly by inhibition of protein synthesis. At higher B concentrations, many cellular activities were found to be partially inhibited and the toxicity to mature tissues was therefore considered not to arise from the disruption of a single process, but from the accumulated retardation of many cellular processes, exacerbated in light by photo-oxidative stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2004.01243.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Manipulation of xylem transport affects Zn and Mn transport into developing wheat grains of cultured ears (1996)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 98 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Zinc and manganese loading into developing wheat grain is little understood at present. The objective of this work was to investigate factors that may affect the rate of transport of Zn and Mn into developing wheat grain of cultured ears. Ears 18-22 days post-anthesis were cultured in solutions containing labelled Zn and Mn. The effect of additions of Cu, Fe, citrate, malate and EDTA to the culture solution was observed. The effect of humidity and awn removal as well as the sucrose status of the ears on Zn and Mn transport was also investigated. The effect of high concentration of Zn and Mn on [14C]-sucrose transport was determined. High humidity almost completely blocked transport of Zn and Mn into the grain. Awn removal reduced the transport of Zn and Mn to the lemma but not the grain. When the ears were depleted of sucrose (by maintaining them in the dark prior to labelling) transport of Zn and Mn to the grain was reduced compared to ears cultured with sucrose. The presence of Cu reduced the loading of Zn into the grain. There was little effect of Cu on Mn transport or Fe on either Zn or Mn transport. High concentrations of Zn and Mn in the culture solution did not affect [14C]-sucrose loading into the grain but loading of Zn and Mn was limited at high concentrations suggesting membrane saturation. This study demonstrates that sucrose status and humidity clearly influence the transport of Zn and Mn into the grain, and that other ions may influence Zn and Mn transport.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.1996.980202.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transport of zinc and manganese to developing wheat grains (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 95 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: An understanding of the transport pathway used by Zn and Mn to enter developing grains may allow measures to increase the Zn and Mn content of wheat grain grown on Zn/Mn deficient soils. For this reason, transport of Zn and Mn into developing grains of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Aroona) was investigated. Detached ears (18–22 days post-anthesis) were cultured for 48 h in a solution containing 185 kBq of 65Zn and 185 kBq of 54Mn. Transport of 65Zn to the grain was unaffected by removal of glumes but was slightly reduced after the lemma was removed. Heat girdling the peduncle slightly reduced the amount of 65Zn transported to the grain, whilst heat girdling the rachilla reduced transport of 65Zn to the grain to a greater degree, suggesting phloem transport to the rachilla. The transport inhibitor CCCP (carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone) blocked 65Zn transport to grain but not to lemma and glumes. Removing glumes and lemma and heat girdling the peduncle did not affect transport of 54Mn, but transport was slightly affected by heat girdling the rachilla, indicating xylem transport. CCCP blocked transport of 54Mn into the grain but not to lemma and glumes. It was concluded that xylem-to-phloem transfer of Zn occurs in the rachis and to a lesser extent in peduncle and lemma. The results suggest that the lemma may be an important site for phloem loading when the concentration of Zn within the xylem is high. The data also suggest that Mn was predominantly translocated to the spikelets in the xylem, but that transport to the grain was dependent upon membrane transport before entering the grain. Phloem loading of Mn into the grain vascular system may have occurred at the site of xylem discontinuity in the floral axis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1995.tb00862.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential transport of Zn, Me and sucrose along the longitudinal axis of developing wheat grains (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 97 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The hypothesis that Zn and Mn are transported within the grain in a similar manner to sucrose was investigated in the developing wheat grain. Detached ears were cultured in solution containing 65Zn, 54Mn and [14C]-sucrose for 10 to 120 min at 18–22 days post-anthesis. At different times the grain was cut transversely into 1-mm sections and the radioactivity in each section determined The embryo region was damaged in some grains to investigate the effect of reduced accumulation rate on the transport of 65Za, 54Mn and [14C]-sucrose to the embryo. The distribution of 65Zn. 54Mn and [14C]-sucrose between the endosperm cavity sap. endosperm, embryo and pericarp in grains labelled for 2.5 and 6 h at 18–22 days post-anthesis was also determined. [14C]-su-crose was initially high in the first, embryo-containing section of the grain but decreased progressively to the distal end of the grain. The amount of 65Zn along the longitudinal axis of the grain was distributed evenly in each 1-mm section, whilst 54Mn accumulated exponentially in the first proximal 1-mm section of the grain and was distributed evenly in the remaining sections. Damaging the embryo had no effect on 65Zn and 54Mn transport to the section containing the embryo. The pericarp contained almost all of the grain 65Za and 54Mn, with small amounts found in the embryo, endosperm and endosperm cavity sap. Increasing amounts of [14C]-sucrose were found in the endosperm as time progressed. The rate of accumulation of 65Zn, 54Mn and [14C]-sucrose was much higher in the embiyo than the endosperm: the difference between the embryo and endosperm was especially large for 65Zn and 54Mn. It is suggested that 65Zn and 54Mn are not transported within the grain in the same way as [14C]-sucrose. [14C]-sucrose moves laterally out of the vascular system of the crease into the endosperm cavity and is subsequently taken up and stored in the endosperm. In contrast, 65Zn and 54Mn appear to be retained within the vascular system of the crease and may be transported more slowly to grain parts such as the embryo and pericarp tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.1996.970217.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic markers for manganese efficiency in durum wheat (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 121 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Manganese (Mn) deficiency is a major constraint of alkaline soils around the world, particularly for cultivation of durum wheat, which is more intolerant of low Mn levels than either common wheat or barley. Genetic variation for Mn efficiency exists in the current germplasm of durum wheat. Several restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) previously shown to be linked to the Mel1 locus for Mn efficiency on chromosome 4HS of barley were tested on 88 selected F2 plants of the durum cross, ‘Stojocri 2’ (Mn efficient) בHazar’ (Mn inefficient). The Mel1-linked RFLP marker Xcdo583a was closely linked to the trait and explained over 42% of the total variation for Mn efficiency in the ‘Stojocri 2’/‘Hazar’ F2 progeny. This marker has the potential to provide a valuable tool for the marker-assisted selection of Mn-efficient durum progeny derived from crosses with ‘Stojocri 2’.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2002.00690.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Manganese-oxidizing ability of isolates of the take-all fungus is correlated with virulence (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 22 (1996), S. 272-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Take all ; Manganese oxidation ; Virulence ; Wheat ; Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici ; Epidemiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Two successive experiments described here show that the Mn-oxidizing ability of isolates of the take-all fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici is positively correlated with the isolate virulence. Isolates of G. graminis var. tritici were screened for virulence on wheat in soil culture pot tests and visually scored for Mn-oxidizing capacity on agar plates. A comparison between experiments showed that the Mn-oxidizing ability of an isolate may be attenuated, as is virulence, with subculturing. Using a solution culture system, we calculated the rate of oxidation of Mn2+ by a virulent isolate, Ggt 500, as 4 nmol g-1 (dry weight hyphae) h-1. The significance of these results to the epidemiology of the take-all disease of wheat is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00382524
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