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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 61 (1996), S. 1405-1412 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Eight new copolymers containing hindered amine (HA) were synthesized by copolymerization of vinyl monomers [styrene (St), methyl methacrylate (MMA)] with new functional monomers produced by reaction of 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (ATMP) and epoxy compounds containing double bond, and mixture copolymerization of vinyl monomers (St and MMA) with a mixture of ATMP and above epoxy compounds. The structure of these new copolymers were characterized by IR, NMR, and elemental analysis. The properties of these new copolymers were described and their photoprotecting effectiveness examined. Experimental results indicate that they possess high photoprotecting effectiveness comparable to or higher than that of a commercial polymeric HALS “PDS.” © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 40 (1992), S. 1004-1010 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: mammalian cell ; disruption ; shear stress ; mechanical properties ; micromanipulation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Using mechanical cell properties measured by micromanipulation, and a model of cell distortion in laminar flow fields, a method has been developed for predicting disruption of animal cells by laminar shear stresses. Predictions of the model were compared with measured losses of cell number and viability of TB/C3 murine hybridomas sheared in a cone and plate viscometer at shear rates up to 3950 s-1, and shear stresses up to 600 Nm-2, achieved by enhancement of viscosity with dextran. In all cases, the experimental, results and predictions were within 30%. Such excellent agreement suggests it might be possible to use micromanipulation measurements of animal cell mechanical properties to predict cell damage in more complex flow fields, such as those in bioreactors. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 46 (1995), S. 88-92 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: cell cycle ; hydrodynamic forces ; apoptosis ; cell culture ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Exposure of animal cells to intense hydrodynamic forces exerted in turbulent capillary flow, and by controiled agitation and aeration, resulted in preferential destruction of S and G2 cells and the extent of destruction of these cells was dependent upon the intensity of the action. The loss of these cells was possibly due to their larger size. However, the appearance of large numbers of membrane-bound vesicular structures similar to apoptotic bodies as well as cells with low DNA stainability (in a sub-G1 peak) suggested that the action of adverse hydrodynamic forces on these large cells may at least in part be to induce an apoptotic response. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 42 (1993), S. 987-993 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: cell disruption ; turbulent flow ; mammalian cells ; mechanical properties ; micromanipulation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Disruption of animal cells in turbulent capillary flows has been predicted from a model of cell-hydrodynamic interactions using cell mechanical properties determined by micromanipulation. Eddies of sizes similar to or smaller than the cells are presumed to interact with those cells, causing local surface deformations. The proposed mechanism of cell damage is that such deformations result in an increase in membrane tension and surface energy and that a cell disrupts when its bursting membrane tension and bursting surface energy are exceeded. The surface energy of the cells is estimated from the kinetic energy of appropriately sized eddies. To test the model, cells were disrupted in turbulent flows in capillaries at mean energy dissipation rates up to 2 × 104 m2/s3. In all cases the model underestimated the cell disruption by about 15%. Such good agreement implies that the approach of the model to the complicated phenomena of cell turbulence interactions is reasonable. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 33 (1987), S. 500-502 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials 6 (1994), S. 497-499 
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 70 (1998), S. 1100-1101 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Magnesium iodate ; crystal structure ; Raman spectra ; high temperature Raman- and X-ray studies, thermal analyses ; lone-pair radius of iodine(V) ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Magnesium Iodate Decahydrate Mg(IO3)2 · 10 H2O - Crystal Structure, Raman Spectra, Thermal Decomposition, Lone-Pair Radius of Iodine(V)Mg(IO3)2 · 10 H2O crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 (a = 654.25(9), b = 1109.8(2), c = 1176.7(2) pm; α = 105.470(8), β = 104.086(8), γ = 101.744(8)°; Z = 2). The structure has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 273 K, and refined to a final R value of 0.0272 for 4372 observed reflections (I 〉 2σ(I)). The magnesium ions are coordinated to six different H2O molecules forming a slightly distorted octahedron with Mg—O distances varying between 202.2(2) and 211.6(3) pm. The hexaaquamagnesium ions are arranged parallel to (010). The two kinds of iodate ions and the four different “free” water molecules are filled between the layers thus formed.There are twenty independent hydrogen bonds with O … O distances from 268.7(3) to 287.6(4) pm. On the basis of all intermolecular I … I distances of iodates reported in the literature, 180 pm are recommended as van-der-Waals radius resp. lonepair radius of iodine(V). DSC and Raman spectroscopic experiments as well as high-temperature Raman and X-ray measurements were performed and are discussed with respect to the energetic and geometric distortion of the IO3- ions and the dehydration of the decahydrate via the tetrahydrate (308 K) to Mg(IO3)2 (428 K).
    Notes: Mg(IO3)2 · 10 H2O kristallisiert in der triklinen Raumgruppe P1 (a = 654,25(9), b = 1109,8(2), c = 1176,6(2) pm; α = 105,470(8), β = 104,086(8), γ = 101,744(8)°; Z = 2). Die Kristallstruktur wurde mit Hilfe von Röntgen-Einkristalldaten (MoKα) bestimmt (R = 2,72%, 4372 symmetrieunabhängige Reflexe mit I 〉 2σ(I)). Sie ist aus oktaedrischen [Mg(H2O)6]2+- und pyramidalen IO3--Ionen sowie 4 weiteren Kristallwassermolekülen aufgebaut. Die O … O-Abstände der Wasserstoffbrücken der 20 verschiedenen Wasserstoffatome betragen 268,7(3) - 287,6(7) pm. Aufgrund der intermolekularen I … I-Abstände der bisher bekannten Iodatstrukturen werden 180 pm als van-der-Waals- bzw. lone-pair-Radius von Iod(V) vorgeschlagen. Raman-Spektren von Mg(IO3)2 · 10 H2O und das Ergebnis von DSC-Messungen sowie Röntgen- und Raman-Heizaufnahmen werden mitgeteilt und in Hinblick auf die Verzerrung der Iodationen und die Dehydratation des Decahydrats über das Tetrahydrat (308 K) zu Mg(IO3)2 (428 K) diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 622 (1996), S. 845-852 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Nickel orthoperiodate ; i.r., Raman spectra ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: NiH3IO6 · 6 H2O  -  Crystal Structures and Vibrational SpectraThe crystal structure of NiH3IO6 · 6 H2O has been determined by X-ray single-crystal diffraction (Pc, Z = 2, a = 516.74(9), b = 981.5(2), c = 1052.5(2) pm, β = 116.496(8)°) on the basis of 4169 unique reflections (R = 1.96%). The structure is built up of distorted Ni(H2O)62+ and H3IO62- octahedra linked by hydrogen bonding. IR and Raman spectra of both the title compound and isostructural MgH3IO6 · 6 H2O as well as of deuterated specimens are given. There are up to 14 different OH(OD) modes in the spectra of isotopically dilute samples due to the 15 different hydrogen positions of the structure. The internal modes of the meridional H3IO62- ions (pseudo C2v symmetry) are discussed with respect to that double T-shaped entity, which gives rise to only two instead of 3I—O, I—O(H), and OH stretches in the IR and Raman spectra, i.e. the same as for facial (C3v) structured ions.
    Notes: Die Kristallstruktur (Pc, Z = 2) von NiH3IO6 · 6 H2O wurde mittels Röntgen-Einkristallmessungen auf der Basis von 4169 symmetrieunabhängigen Reflexen bestimmt (R = 1,96%). IR- und Raman-Spektren von NiH3IO6 · 6 H2O und der isotypen Verbindung MgH3IO6 · 6 H2O sowie von deuterierten Präparaten werden mitgeteilt. Die Spektren isotypenverdünnter Proben zeigen bis zu 14 OH(OD)-Streckschwingungen entsprechend den 15 verschiedenen Wasserstoff-Positionen der Struktur. Die meridionalen H3IO62--Ionen (Pseudosymmetrie C2v) besitzen wegen der T-förmigen Anordnung der je 3 IO-und IOH-Gruppen nur je 2 IO-, IO(H)- und OH-Streckschwingungen in den IR- und Raman-Spektren und können daher schwingungsspektroskopisch nicht von H3IO62--Ionen mit facialer Struktur (C3v) unterschieden werden.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Photochemical dry etching and surface modification of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was investigated with an incoherent excimer UV source, employing a dielectric barrier discharge in krypton chloride to provide intense narrow-band radiation at λ=222 nm (KrCl*). The roughness of the exposed PET was measured with a stylus profilometer. The morphology of the irradiated PET films was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after different exposure times and the roughness of PET can be controlled by UV intensity and exposure times. Etching rate is 40 times higher than that for photochemical etching of PET with a conventional mercury lamp. The chemical changes in the UV-exposed PET surface layer were determined using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) by measurement of the intensity of the C - C, C - O and O - C=O bonds after irradiation with the KrCl* excimer lamp.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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