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  • Articles  (660)
  • Physics  (660)
  • ASTRONOMY
  • 1985-1989  (58)
  • 1980-1984  (339)
  • 1970-1974  (263)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aromatic polyamides. II. Thermal degradation of some aromatic polyamides and their model diamides (1981)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 19 (1981), S. 2817-2834 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Thermal degradation behavior of poly(1,3-phenylene isophthalamide) and poly(chloro-2,4-phenylene isophthalamide) was investigated with the aid of some appropriate model compounds. The pyrolysis products of these materials were identified by gas chromatography (GC), gas chromatography/Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (GC/FT-IR), and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The residual chars were characterized by IR spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was applied to study the effect of end-group concentration on the degradation characteristics of the two polyamides. Kinetic parameters that describe the thermal degradation of the polyamides were also evaluated by TGA. The results of this investigation suggest that the thermal decomposition of these aromatic polyamides involves homolytic as well as hydrolytic cleavages of the amide units.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1981.170191115
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ESCA investigation of the electronic structure of polyhexafluorobut-2-yneThis is considered as Part X of Reactions Involving Fluoride Ion and Part VI of Applications of ESCA to Structure and Bonding in Polymers. A preliminary account of this work has been presented at the Faraday Discussion Meeting No. 54 on the photoelectron spectroscopy of molecules, Sussex University, 1972. (1974)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 12 (1974), S. 1647-1652 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polyperfluorobut-2-yne is prepared by a fluoride ion-induced polymerization of hexafluorobut-2-yne. The mass spectrum indicates a regular fragmentation pattern but the ESCA spectrum establishes the structure as a polyene, rather than a crosslinked system, and the occurrence of a shake-up peak assists in this assignment.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1974.170120805
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectroscopic studies of solutions, suspensions, and precipitates of poly(1,6-di-p-toluene sulfonyloxy-2,4-hexadiyne) (1981)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 19 (1981), S. 321-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Optical-absorption, fluorescence, and Raman spectra for solutions, suspensions, and precipitates of poly(1,6-di-p-toluene sulfonoxy-2,4-hexadiyne) in and from nitrobenzene, acetone, and chloroform are presented. These are interpreted in terms of the occurrence of two forms of the polymer chain; a quasicrystalline form with properties close to those of single crystal polymer and a chain-extended form occurring in solution and colloidal particles, with an absorption energy of about 2.5 eV (20,000 cm-1). No evidence is found for the presence of very short polymer chains in partially polymerized monomer at low conversion. The relationship of these results to those for deformed single crystals is briefly discussed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1981.180190212
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copolymerization of styrene and diethyl fumarate with zinc bromide. III. Electroinitiation at low current densities (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-1: Polymer Chemistry 10 (1972), S. 3267-3277 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-296X
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electroinitiated preparation of equimolar copolymers of styrene and diethyl fumarate is described. The reaction medium consisted of these monomers dissolved in a methanol-zinc bromide solution. Rates of polymerization increased with increasing applied current and the copolymer yield increased linearly with the total number of Faradays transferred. The copolymer composition is 1:1 and is essentially invariant with the degree of conversion (〈15%), electroinitiation rate, and monomer feed ratios. A reaction mechanism involving donor-acceptor complexes and electroinitiated excitation of these complexes at the electrode is postulated.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.170101113
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copolymerization of styrene and diethyl fumarate with ZnBr2. IV. Comparison between photoinitiation and electroinitiation (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-1: Polymer Chemistry 10 (1972), S. 3253-3265 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-296X
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A comparative analysis of photoinitiation and electroinitiation can help elucidate initiation processes in donor-acceptor charge-transfer copolymerization. The technique has been applied to the zinc bromide-catalyzed copolymerization of styrene and diethyl fumarate in methanol. The photocopolymer product was analyzed by GPC, NMR, and elemental analysis. The results showed that 1:1 copolymers were formed initially, but changes occurred in both the kinetics and products after the early stages of the reaction. Significant correlations found between the two initiation methods included the initial kinetic order with respect to the initiating process and the effect on product yield of equivalent increases in total initiation energy. The limiting value of zinc bromide for both initiation methods was found to be the same. The data obtained support the contention that the copolymerization proceeds through a donor-acceptor process and that photoactivation of the preformed complex, inducing electron transfer, is a likely initiation process.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.170101112
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallization of poly(ethylene oxide) fractions: Crystallization isotherms (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 1555-1564 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The crystallization kinetics of a range of fractions of poly(ethylene oxide) are presented and analyzed. It is concluded that deviations from the Avrami equation with exponent of 3 are mainly due to rejection of low molecular weight molecules for the low molecular weight fractions (M̄n 〈 6,000) and to a process of crystal perfecting for the high molecular weight fractions (M̄n 〉 6,000).
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.160100812
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallization of polyethylene at high pressure: A kinetic view (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 1811-1836 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A model for the crystallization kinetics of polymers is outlined and is used to interpret observations of the crystallization of polyethylene at high pressures. This model introduces a distinction between σe the lamellar surface energy which controls the lamellar thickness, and σe′, the surface nucleus surface energy which controls the growth rate. Differential scanning calorimetry and electron microscopy data for several polyethylenes crystallized at pressures of up to 8 kb are presented. From the dependence of lamellar thickness on the crystallization undercooling at 5 kb, it is found that σe increases markedly with pressure leading to the formation of very thick crystals at high pressures. The magnitude of the increase in σe is in agreement with σe values calculated from the dependence of melting temperatures on pressure. The nucleus surface energy σe′ is not expected to vary significantly with pressure, and estimates of growth rates of 5 kb which indicate that the growth rate does not vary significantly with pressure at constant under-cooling confirm this. Fractionation effects and the differences in behavior between different polyethylenes are also discussed.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.160100916
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure analysis of chain-folded lamellar polyamide crystals from X-ray diffraction (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 863-875 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Folded-chain crystals of certain polyamides present some novel diffraction effects due to the small number of repeat units within the lamellar thickness. X-ray diffraction evidence is available in the complete range from low to wide angles. This information is interpreted in terms of the structure factor of an individual lamella together with the lattice factor appropriate for the stacking of lamellae. When due account is taken of the lattice factor, whose effect can be detected even at large angles, three features of the lamellar structure can be deduced. First, the evidence is in favor of the straight-chain stems traversing almost the total thickness of each lamella, implying sharp folds at the lamellar surfaces. Some consequences of this result on the interpretation of data obtained from annealed mats are mentioned. Second, the detailed determination of the stem structure demands that the majority of the folds in nylon 66 lie in the acid group. Third, there are regions of depleted electron density at the lamellar surfaces, though features of the crystal structure are still retained. This indicates the presence of some folds deeper in the crystal than the majority.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.160100508
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallization of polyethylene at elevated pressures (1971)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 9 (1971), S. 385-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The crystallization from the melt of three sharp polyethylene fractions has been studied at 5 kbar. It has been shown that the thickness of so-called extended-chain lamellae is a function of time, temperature, and molecular weight. There is by no means just the fully extended molecular configuration present. Crystallization is qualitatively similar to that of chain-folded crystals at 1 bar, giving an optimum lamellar thickness which increases with time and decreasing supercooling. Fractional crystallization is widespread and is a major cause of disparate lamellar thickness. Isothermal thickening of lamellae during crystallization has been established directly. Morphological detail suggests further that layers can increase their thickness tenfold over their initial size.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1971.160090301
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear magnetic resonance study of rubber-carbon black interactions (1971)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 9 (1971), S. 829-839 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The mobilities of polymer chain segments in mixtures of rubber and carbon black were investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance. Spin-spin relaxation time (T2) measurements on cis-polybutadiene and ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM) bound rubbers detected at least two relaxing regions: an immobile region and a relatively free region. The molecular motions in the relatively free region are still constrained compared to those of the pure gum.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1971.160090505
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