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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Streptocephalus ; morphology ; systematics ; North America ; new species ; cladistics ; fairy shrimp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We present an updated diagnosis of 13Streptocephalus species of North America. Three new species are included. A key to the species is provided. The phylogeny of the group is discussed on the basis of (1) a systematic approach (Maeda-Martinezet al., 1995; this volume), which considers the entire distal antennal outgrowth, the frontal appendage, and the morphology of the ovaries as essential in defining different genetic lineages or species-groups, and (2) a cladistic analysis. We suggest that of nine monophyletic groups, three are represented in both the Old and New World. Thus, contrary to former disparsalist hypotheses, we argue that the New World species represent relict forms of ancestral groups fragmented by continental drift (vicariance model).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Streptocephalus ; morphology ; classification ; phylogeny ; fairy shrimp ; phyllopod
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract While developing a data base for phylogenetic analysis of the New World streptocephalids we compaired them with species from Africa, Europe, and India. In doing this, we found that the morphology of the peduncle of the distal antennal outgrowth and the biramous ovaries developed in seven North American species can contribute to the systematics of the genus. Thus, our investigation consisted of (1) a review of the external morphology of the antenna, (2) biometry of selected parts of the antenna to obtain informative ratios, (3) a review of the presence or absence of genetal linguiform outgrowths, extension of the non-retractile parts of the penes, and general morphology of the cercopods, (4) a study of the location of the ovaries, and extension of the brood-pouch. On the basis of the results we classifyStreptocephalus into nine species groups. Five subgroups are identified within two of the species groups Several implications of the present approach are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Branchiopoda ; Branchinella ; taxonomy ; morphology ; India
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The fairy shrimp Branchinella kugenumaensis (Ishikawa) was long considered a widely, though disjunctly, distributed species occurring from Japan through eastern Asia to southern India. Attempts by Raj (1951, 1961) to make the Indian populations a new variety (B. k. var. madurai) on the basis of antennal and frontal appendage morphology and on its distribution pattern, were considered unconvincing by later authors. Our new comparison of Japanese and Indian specimens has revealed several differences. The resting egg shells of B. kugenumaensis from Japan have irregular polygonal fields; whereas, the shells of the Indian taxon have lip-like units covered with spinules. Furthermore, there are lobes lateral to the basal penes in the Indian specimens that are lacking in the Japanese taxon. As well as differences in antennal and frontal appendage morphology. These differences correspond with previous illustrations of populations from both geographic regions and lead us to consider Raj's proposed subspecies as a valid species. This brings the number of accepted species in the genus Branchinella to 34. More specimens will need to be evaluated from the area between India and Japan to determine if B. maduraiensis is endemic to the Indian subcontinent or is more broadly distributed on the Asian mainland.
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2015-01-21
    Description: The regulated release of anorexigenic alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) and orexigenic Agouti-related protein (AgRP) from discrete hypothalamic arcuate neurons onto common target sites in the central nervous system has a fundamental role in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Both peptides bind with high affinity to the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R); existing data show that alpha-MSH is an agonist that couples the receptor to the Galphas signalling pathway, while AgRP binds competitively to block alpha-MSH binding and blocks the constitutive activity mediated by the ligand-mimetic amino-terminal domain of the receptor. Here we show that, in mice, regulation of firing activity of neurons from the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) by alpha-MSH and AgRP can be mediated independently of Galphas signalling by ligand-induced coupling of MC4R to closure of inwardly rectifying potassium channel, Kir7.1. Furthermore, AgRP is a biased agonist that hyperpolarizes neurons by binding to MC4R and opening Kir7.1, independently of its inhibition of alpha-MSH binding. Consequently, Kir7.1 signalling appears to be central to melanocortin-mediated regulation of energy homeostasis within the PVN. Coupling of MC4R to Kir7.1 may explain unusual aspects of the control of energy homeostasis by melanocortin signalling, including the gene dosage effect of MC4R and the sustained effects of AgRP on food intake.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4383680/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4383680/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ghamari-Langroudi, Masoud -- Digby, Gregory J -- Sebag, Julien A -- Millhauser, Glenn L -- Palomino, Rafael -- Matthews, Robert -- Gillyard, Taneisha -- Panaro, Brandon L -- Tough, Iain R -- Cox, Helen M -- Denton, Jerod S -- Cone, Roger D -- 5R01 DK082884-03/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK020593/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- F31 DK102343/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK020593/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK064265/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK070332/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01DK064265/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01DK070332/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R25 GM059994/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Apr 2;520(7545):94-8. doi: 10.1038/nature14051. Epub 2015 Jan 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Physiology &Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA. ; Department of Chemistry &Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA. ; 1] Department of Molecular Physiology &Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA [2] Department of Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee 37208, USA. ; King's College London, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK. ; 1] Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA [2] Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25600267" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Agouti-Related Protein/metabolism ; Animals ; Eating/genetics ; Energy Metabolism ; Female ; *GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs ; HEK293 Cells ; Homeostasis/genetics ; Humans ; Ligands ; Male ; Melanocortins/metabolism ; Mice ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/*cytology ; Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying/*metabolism ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction/genetics ; alpha-MSH/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2005-08-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Handelsman, Jo -- Cantor, Nancy -- Carnes, Molly -- Denton, Denice -- Fine, Eve -- Grosz, Barbara -- Hinshaw, Virginia -- Marrett, Cora -- Rosser, Sue -- Shalala, Donna -- Sheridan, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Aug 19;309(5738):1190-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1630 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA. joh@ plantpath.wisc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16109868" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Career Choice ; *Career Mobility ; Education, Graduate ; *Faculty ; Family ; Female ; Humans ; Personnel Selection ; Prejudice ; *Science ; Universities ; *Women
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2005-02-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Muller, Carol B -- Ride, Sally M -- Fouke, Janie -- Whitney, Telle -- Denton, Denice D -- Cantor, Nancy -- Nelson, Donna J -- Plummer, Jim -- Busch-Vishniac, Ilene -- Meyers, Carolyn -- Rosser, Sue V -- Schiebinger, Londa -- Roberts, Eric -- Burgess, David -- Beeson, Craig -- Metz, Susan Staffin -- Sanders, Lucinda -- Watford, Bevlee A -- Ivey, Elizabeth S -- Frank Fox, Mary -- Wettack, Sheldon -- Klawe, Maria -- Wulf, William A -- Girgus, Joan -- Leboy, Phoebe S -- Babco, Eleanor L -- Shanahan, Betty -- Didion, Catherine -- Chubin, Daryl E -- Frize, Monique -- Ganter, Susan L -- Nalley, E Ann -- Franz, Judy -- Abruna, Hector D -- Strober, Myra H -- Zimmer Daniels, Jane -- Carter, Emily A -- Rhodes, Jean H -- Schrijver, Iris -- Zakian, Virginia A -- Simons, Barbara -- Martin, Ursula -- Boaler, Jo -- Jolluck, Katherine Rose -- Mankekar, Purnima -- Gray, Robert M -- Conkey, Margaret W -- Stansky, Peter -- Xie, Aihua -- Martin, Pino -- Katehi, Linda P B -- Miller, Jo Anne -- Tess Thornton, Amelia -- Lapaugh, Andrea -- Rhode, Deborah L -- Gelpi, Barbara C -- Harrold, Mary Jean -- Spencer, Cherrill M -- Schlatter Ellis, Carla -- Lord, Susan -- Quinn, Helen -- Murnane, Margaret -- Jones, Patricia P -- Hellman, Frances -- Wight, Gail -- O'hara, Ruth -- Pickering, Mary -- Sheppard, Sheri -- Leith, David -- Paytan, Adina -- Sommer, Matthew H -- Shafer, Audrey -- Grusky, David -- Yennello, Sherry -- Madan, Ashima -- Johnson, Denise L -- Yanagisako, Sylvia -- Chou-Green, Jennifer M -- Robinson, Sandra -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 18;307(5712):1043.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15718449" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Career Choice ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Science ; *Sex Characteristics ; Social Change
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1995-11-03
    Description: Severe childhood autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy (SCARMD) is a progressive muscle-wasting disorder common in North Africa that segregates with microsatellite markers at chromosome 13q12. Here, it is shown that a mutation in the gene encoding the 35-kilodalton dystrophin-associated glycoprotein, gamma-sarcoglycan, is likely to be the primary genetic defect in this disorder. The human gamma-sarcoglycan gene was mapped to chromosome 13q12, and deletions that alter its reading frame were identified in three families and one of four sporadic cases of SCARMD. These mutations not only affect gamma-sarcoglycan but also disrupt the integrity of the entire sarcoglycan complex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Noguchi, S -- McNally, E M -- Ben Othmane, K -- Hagiwara, Y -- Mizuno, Y -- Yoshida, M -- Yamamoto, H -- Bonnemann, C G -- Gussoni, E -- Denton, P H -- Kyriakides, T -- Middleton, L -- Hentati, F -- Ben Hamida, M -- Nonaka, I -- Vance, J M -- Kunkel, L M -- Ozawa, E -- NS23740/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01-NS26630/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 3;270(5237):819-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center for Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7481775" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13 ; *Cytoskeletal Proteins ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; Dystrophin/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Muscle, Skeletal/chemistry/metabolism ; Muscular Dystrophies/*genetics ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Rabbits ; Sarcoglycans ; Sequence Deletion
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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