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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On potentials and relevance of the use of copulatory structures in anostracan taxonomy (1997)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 359 (1997), S. 83-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Branchiopoda ; Anostraca ; genital morphology ; genus concept
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This paper reviews and extends the knowledge of anostracan penile morphology and its taxonomic significance. Since Linder‘s pioneering classification(based partly on male genital characters), the morphology of both basal and distal penile parts has been applied repeatedly to reorganize or establish higher anostracan taxa, or to extend their diagnoses. In general, the configuration of both basal and distal penile structures follows a constant pattern in well-defined genera. Size and shape of processes and spinulation on the basal (in Linderiella and Chirocephalidae) and the distal parts (in Parartemia), however, may show inter-specific differences. Variability in penile structures in the current genus Brachinella indicates the need for a taxonomic revision of this genus. Similar intra-generic penis morphology may contribute to hybridizability of congeners and validate Dubois‘genus concept for use in anostracans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003125812020
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large branchiopod assemblages common to Mexico and the United States (1997)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 359 (1997), S. 45-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Crustacea ; Branchiopoda ; community ecology ; sympatry ; co-occurrence ; temporary pools
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We present observations on the frequency of large branchiopod associations found in north-central Mexico, and in Arizona, USA. Of a total of 25 species involved in these assemblages, 12 were common in both areas. Fifty-eight (43.3%) of the ponds in Mexico, and seventy-eight (47%) of those in Arizona had two or more species present. The combinations of species which occurred with highest frequency were Streptocephalus mackini with Thamnocephalus platyurus for Arizona, and T. platyurus, Triops sp., and Leptestheria compleximanus for Mexico. In Mexico, and Arizona, as in many parts of the world, multispecies assemblages of large branchiopods are a common phenomenon. Therefore, the ’common rule‘ of’one-phyllopod-per-habitat‘ advanced by Weise (1964) is inconsistent with field observations. Furthermore, since cases of co-occurrence of two or more congeneric species of Anostraca and Notostraca are not uncommon, generalizations about congeners not coexisting remain applicable only for the Spinicaudata and Laevicaudata. On the basis of the literature, and of observations in the field and in the laboratory, we list potential factors contributing to the co-occurrence of several species within a pond.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003102601542
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Branchinella maduraiensis Raj (Crustacea, Branchiopoda, Anostraca) shown by new evidence to be a valid species (1997)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 359 (1997), S. 93-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Branchiopoda ; Branchinella ; taxonomy ; morphology ; India
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The fairy shrimp Branchinella kugenumaensis (Ishikawa) was long considered a widely, though disjunctly, distributed species occurring from Japan through eastern Asia to southern India. Attempts by Raj (1951, 1961) to make the Indian populations a new variety (B. k. var. madurai) on the basis of antennal and frontal appendage morphology and on its distribution pattern, were considered unconvincing by later authors. Our new comparison of Japanese and Indian specimens has revealed several differences. The resting egg shells of B. kugenumaensis from Japan have irregular polygonal fields; whereas, the shells of the Indian taxon have lip-like units covered with spinules. Furthermore, there are lobes lateral to the basal penes in the Indian specimens that are lacking in the Japanese taxon. As well as differences in antennal and frontal appendage morphology. These differences correspond with previous illustrations of populations from both geographic regions and lead us to consider Raj's proposed subspecies as a valid species. This brings the number of accepted species in the genus Branchinella to 34. More specimens will need to be evaluated from the area between India and Japan to determine if B. maduraiensis is endemic to the Indian subcontinent or is more broadly distributed on the Asian mainland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003173727950
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  • 4
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    G-protein-independent coupling of MC4R to Kir7.1 in hypothalamic neurons (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-21
    Description: The regulated release of anorexigenic alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) and orexigenic Agouti-related protein (AgRP) from discrete hypothalamic arcuate neurons onto common target sites in the central nervous system has a fundamental role in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Both peptides bind with high affinity to the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R); existing data show that alpha-MSH is an agonist that couples the receptor to the Galphas signalling pathway, while AgRP binds competitively to block alpha-MSH binding and blocks the constitutive activity mediated by the ligand-mimetic amino-terminal domain of the receptor. Here we show that, in mice, regulation of firing activity of neurons from the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) by alpha-MSH and AgRP can be mediated independently of Galphas signalling by ligand-induced coupling of MC4R to closure of inwardly rectifying potassium channel, Kir7.1. Furthermore, AgRP is a biased agonist that hyperpolarizes neurons by binding to MC4R and opening Kir7.1, independently of its inhibition of alpha-MSH binding. Consequently, Kir7.1 signalling appears to be central to melanocortin-mediated regulation of energy homeostasis within the PVN. Coupling of MC4R to Kir7.1 may explain unusual aspects of the control of energy homeostasis by melanocortin signalling, including the gene dosage effect of MC4R and the sustained effects of AgRP on food intake.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4383680/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4383680/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ghamari-Langroudi, Masoud -- Digby, Gregory J -- Sebag, Julien A -- Millhauser, Glenn L -- Palomino, Rafael -- Matthews, Robert -- Gillyard, Taneisha -- Panaro, Brandon L -- Tough, Iain R -- Cox, Helen M -- Denton, Jerod S -- Cone, Roger D -- 5R01 DK082884-03/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK020593/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- F31 DK102343/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK020593/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK064265/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK070332/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01DK064265/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01DK070332/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R25 GM059994/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Apr 2;520(7545):94-8. doi: 10.1038/nature14051. Epub 2015 Jan 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Physiology &Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA. ; Department of Chemistry &Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA. ; 1] Department of Molecular Physiology &Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA [2] Department of Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee 37208, USA. ; King's College London, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK. ; 1] Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA [2] Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25600267" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Agouti-Related Protein/metabolism ; Animals ; Eating/genetics ; Energy Metabolism ; Female ; *GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs ; HEK293 Cells ; Homeostasis/genetics ; Humans ; Ligands ; Male ; Melanocortins/metabolism ; Mice ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/*cytology ; Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying/*metabolism ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction/genetics ; alpha-MSH/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 5
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    Careers in science. More women in science (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-08-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Handelsman, Jo -- Cantor, Nancy -- Carnes, Molly -- Denton, Denice -- Fine, Eve -- Grosz, Barbara -- Hinshaw, Virginia -- Marrett, Cora -- Rosser, Sue -- Shalala, Donna -- Sheridan, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Aug 19;309(5738):1190-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1630 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA. joh@ plantpath.wisc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16109868" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Career Choice ; *Career Mobility ; Education, Graduate ; *Faculty ; Family ; Female ; Humans ; Personnel Selection ; Prejudice ; *Science ; Universities ; *Women
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Gender differences and performance in science (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Muller, Carol B -- Ride, Sally M -- Fouke, Janie -- Whitney, Telle -- Denton, Denice D -- Cantor, Nancy -- Nelson, Donna J -- Plummer, Jim -- Busch-Vishniac, Ilene -- Meyers, Carolyn -- Rosser, Sue V -- Schiebinger, Londa -- Roberts, Eric -- Burgess, David -- Beeson, Craig -- Metz, Susan Staffin -- Sanders, Lucinda -- Watford, Bevlee A -- Ivey, Elizabeth S -- Frank Fox, Mary -- Wettack, Sheldon -- Klawe, Maria -- Wulf, William A -- Girgus, Joan -- Leboy, Phoebe S -- Babco, Eleanor L -- Shanahan, Betty -- Didion, Catherine -- Chubin, Daryl E -- Frize, Monique -- Ganter, Susan L -- Nalley, E Ann -- Franz, Judy -- Abruna, Hector D -- Strober, Myra H -- Zimmer Daniels, Jane -- Carter, Emily A -- Rhodes, Jean H -- Schrijver, Iris -- Zakian, Virginia A -- Simons, Barbara -- Martin, Ursula -- Boaler, Jo -- Jolluck, Katherine Rose -- Mankekar, Purnima -- Gray, Robert M -- Conkey, Margaret W -- Stansky, Peter -- Xie, Aihua -- Martin, Pino -- Katehi, Linda P B -- Miller, Jo Anne -- Tess Thornton, Amelia -- Lapaugh, Andrea -- Rhode, Deborah L -- Gelpi, Barbara C -- Harrold, Mary Jean -- Spencer, Cherrill M -- Schlatter Ellis, Carla -- Lord, Susan -- Quinn, Helen -- Murnane, Margaret -- Jones, Patricia P -- Hellman, Frances -- Wight, Gail -- O'hara, Ruth -- Pickering, Mary -- Sheppard, Sheri -- Leith, David -- Paytan, Adina -- Sommer, Matthew H -- Shafer, Audrey -- Grusky, David -- Yennello, Sherry -- Madan, Ashima -- Johnson, Denise L -- Yanagisako, Sylvia -- Chou-Green, Jennifer M -- Robinson, Sandra -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 18;307(5712):1043.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15718449" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Career Choice ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Science ; *Sex Characteristics ; Social Change
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    The SMART Theory and Modeling Team: An Integrated Element of Mission Development and Science Analysis (2005)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: When targeting physical understanding of space plasmas, our focus is gradually shifting away from discovery-type investigations to missions and studies that address our basic understanding of processes we know to be important. For these studies, theory and models provide physical predictions that need to be verified or falsified by empirical evidence. Within this paradigm, a tight integration between theory, modeling, and space flight mission design and execution is essential. NASA's Magnetospheric MultiScale (MMS) mission is a pathfinder in this new era of space research. The prime objective of MMS is to understand magnetic reconnection, arguably the most fundamental of plasma processes. In particular, MMS targets the microphysical processes, which permit magnetic reconnection to operate in the collisionless plasmas that permeate space and astrophysical systems. More specifically, MMS will provide closure to such elemental questions as how particles become demagnetized in the reconnection diffusion region, which effects determine the reconnection rate, and how reconnection is coupled to environmental conditions such as magnetic shear angles. Solutions to these problems have remained elusive in past and present spacecraft missions primarily due to instrumental limitations - yet they are fundamental to the large-scale dynamics of collisionless plasmas. Owing to the lack of measurements, most of our present knowledge of these processes is based on results from modern theory and modeling studies of the reconnection process. Proper design and execution of a mission targeting magnetic reconnection should include this knowledge and have to ensure that all relevant scales and effects can be resolved by mission measurements. The SMART mission has responded to this need through a tight integration between instrument and theory and modeling teams. Input from theory and modeling is fed into all aspects of science mission design, and theory and modeling activities are tailored to SMART needs during mission development and science analysis. In this presentation, we will present an overview of SMART theory and modeling team activities. In particular, we will provide examples of science objectives derived from state-of-the art models, and of recent research results that continue to be utilized in SMART mission development.
    Keywords: Space Sciences (General)
    Type: 2005 American Geophysical Union Meeting; Dec 04, 2005 - Dec 11, 2005; San Francisco, CA; United States
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  • 8
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    Test of Shi et al. Method to Infer the Magnetic Reconnection Geometry from Spacecraft Data: MHD Simulation with Guide Field and Antiparallel Kinetic Simulation (2012)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: When analyzing data from an array of spacecraft (such as Cluster or MMS) crossing a site of magnetic reconnection, it is desirable to be able to accurately determine the orientation of the reconnection site. If the reconnection is quasi-two dimensional, there are three key directions, the direction of maximum inhomogeneity (the direction across the reconnection site), the direction of the reconnecting component of the magnetic field, and the direction of rough invariance (the "out of plane" direction). Using simulated spacecraft observations of magnetic reconnection in the geomagnetic tail, we extend our previous tests of the direction-finding method developed by Shi et al. (2005) and the method to determine the structure velocity relative to the spacecraft Vstr. These methods require data from four proximate spacecraft. We add artificial noise and calibration errors to the simulation fields, and then use the perturbed gradient of the magnetic field B and perturbed time derivative dB/dt, as described by Denton et al. (2010). Three new simulations are examined: a weakly three-dimensional, i.e., quasi-two-dimensional, MHD simulation without a guide field, a quasi-two-dimensional MHD simulation with a guide field, and a two-dimensional full dynamics kinetic simulation with inherent noise so that the apparent minimum gradient was not exactly zero, even without added artificial errors. We also examined variations of the spacecraft trajectory for the kinetic simulation. The accuracy of the directions found varied depending on the simulation and spacecraft trajectory, but all the directions could be found within about 10 for all cases. Various aspects of the method were examined, including how to choose averaging intervals and the best intervals for determining the directions and velocity. For the kinetic simulation, we also investigated in detail how the errors in the inferred gradient directions from the unmodified Shi et al. method (using the unperturbed gradient) depended on the amplitude of the calibration errors. For an accuracy of 3 for the maximum gradient direction, the calibration errors could be as large as 3% of reconnection magnetic field, while for the same accuracy for the minimum gradient direction, the calibration errors could only be as large as 0.03% of the reconnection magnetic field. These results suggest that the maximum gradient direction can normally be determined by the unmodified Shi et al. method, while the modified method or some other method must be used to accurately determine the minimum gradient direction. The structure velocity was found with magnitude accurate to 2% and direction accurate to within 5%.
    Keywords: Space Sciences (General)
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN9106 , Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics; 117; A9; A09201
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  • 9
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    Reconnection Guide Field and Quadrupolar Structure Observed by MMS on 16 October 2015 at 1307 UT (2016)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: We estimate the guide field near the X point, B(sub M0), for a magnetopause crossing by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft at 1307 UT on 16 October 2015 that showed features of electron-scale reconnection. This component of the magnetic field is normal to the reconnection plane L-N containing the reconnection magnetic field, B(sub L), and the direction e(sub N) normal to the current sheet. The B(sub M) field component appears to approximately have quadrupolar structure close to the X point. Using several different methods to estimate values of the guide field near the X point, some of which use an assumed quadrupolar symmetry, we find values ranging between -3.1 nT and -1.2 nT, with a nominal value of about -2.5 nT. The rough consistency of these values is evidence that the quadrupolar structure exists.
    Keywords: Space Sciences (General)
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN40930 , Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics (ISSN 2169-9380) (e-ISSN 2169-9402); 121; 10; 9880-9887
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