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  • Space Radiation  (11)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory detects gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with a real-time burst detection (or "trigger") system running onboard the spacecraft. Under some circumstances, however, a GRB may not activate the onboard burst trigger. For example, the burst may be too faint to exceed the onboard detection threshold, or it may occur while the onboard burst trigger is disabled for technical reasons. This paper is a catalog of such "non-triggered" GRBs that were detected in a search of the archival continuous data from BATSE. It lists 873 non-triggered bursts that were recorded between 1991 December 9.0 and 1997 December 17.0. For each burst, the catalog gives an estimated source direction, duration, peak flux, and fluence. Similar data are presented for 50 additional bursts of unknown origin that were detected in the 25-50 keV range; these events may represent the low-energy "tail" of the GRB spectral distribution. This catalog increases the number of GRBs detected with BATSE by 48% during the time period covered by the search.
    Keywords: Space Radiation
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: One year after its discovery, the Bursting Pulsar (GRO J1744-28) went into outburst again, displaying the hard X-ray bursts and pulsations that make this source unique. We report on Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) observations of both the persistent and burst emission for this second outburst and draw comparisons to the first. The second outburst was smaller than the first in both duration and peak luminosity. The persistent flux, burst peak flux and burst fluence were all reduced in amplitude by a factor approximately 1.7. Despite these differences, the average burst occurrence rate and average burst durations were roughly the same through each outburst. Similar to the first outburst, no spectral evolution was found within bursts and the parameter alpha was very small at the start of the outburst (alpha = 2.1 +/- 1.7 on 1996 December 2). Although no spectral evolution was found within individual bursts, we find evidence for a small (20%) variation of the spectral temperature during the course of the second outburst.
    Keywords: Space Radiation
    Type: United States
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: We present an analysis of the high-frequency timing properties of the April-May 2000 outburst of the black hole candidate and Galactic microquasar XTE J1550-564, measured with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer, The rapid X-ray variability we measure is consistent with the source being in either the "very high" or "intermediate" canonical black hole state. A strong (5-8% RMS) quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) is found between 249-278 Hz; this may represent the first recurrence of the same high-frequency QPO in subsequent outbursts of a transient black hole candidate. We also present possible evidence for a lower-frequency QPO at approximately 187 Hz, also reported previously and likely present simultaneously with the higher-frequency QPO. We discuss these findings within the context of the 1998 outburst of XTE J1550-564, and comment on implications for models of QPOs, accretion flows, and black hole spin.
    Keywords: Space Radiation
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Sources of high-energy (greater than 20 keV) bursts fall into two distinct types: the non-repeating gamma-ray bursters, several thousand of which have been detected but whose origin remains unknown, and the soft gamma-ray repeaters (SGRs), of which there are only three. The SGRs are known to be associated with supernova remnants, suggesting that the burst events most probably originate from young neutron stars. Here we report the detection of a third type of transient high-energy source. On 2 December 1995, we observed the onset of a sequence of hard X-ray bursts from a direction close to that of the Galactic Center. The interval between bursts was initially several minutes, but after two days, the burst rate had dropped to about one per hour and has been largely unchanged since then. More than 1,000 bursts have now been detected, with remarkably similar light curves and intensities; this behaviour is unprecendented among transient X-ray and gamma-ray sources. We suggest that the origin of these bursts might be related to the spasmodic accretion of material onto a neutron star.
    Keywords: Space Radiation
    Type: NASA-TM-112504 , NAS 1.15:112504 , Nature; 379; 799-801
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: We have used the Fourier cross spectra of GRO J1719-24, obtained with BATSE, to estimate the phase lags between the X-ray flux variations in the 20 50 and 50-100 keV energy bands as a function of Fourier frequency in the interval 0.002-0.488 Hz. Our analysis covers the entire about 80 day X-ray outburst of this black hole candidate, following the first X-ray detection on 1993 September 25. The X-ray variations in the 50-100 keV band lag those in the 20-50 keV energy band by an approximately constant phase difference of 0.072 + 0.010 rad in the frequency interval 0.02-0.20 Hz. The peak phase lags in the interval 0.02-0.20 Hz are about twice those of Cyg X-1 and GRO J0422+32. These results are consistent with models for Comptonization regions composed of extended nonuniform clouds around the central source.
    Keywords: Space Radiation
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 519; 332-335
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: We report evidence for an Fe K(alpha) fluorescence line feature and disk reflection in the very high, high-, and low-state X-ray spectra of the Galactic microquasar XTE J1748-288 during its 1998 June outburst. Spectral analyses are made on data gathered throughout the outburst by the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer Proportional Counter Array. Gaussian line, relativistic disk emission line, and ionized disk reflection models are fitted to the data. In the very high state the line profile appears strongly redshifted, consistent with disk emission from the innermost stable orbits around a maximally rotating Kerr black hole. In the high state the line profile is less redshifted and increasingly prominent. The low-state line profile is very strong (approx. 0.5 keV equivalent width) and centered at 6.7 +/- 0.10 keV; disk line emission model fits indicate that the inner edge of the disk fluctuates between approx. 20Rg and approx. 100Rg in this state. The disk reflection fraction is traced through the outburst; reflection from an ionized disk is preferred in the very high and high states, and reflection from a relatively neutral disk is preferred in the low state. We discuss the implications of our findings for the binary system dynamics and accretion flow geometry in XTE J1748-288.
    Keywords: Space Radiation
    Type: The Astrophysical Journal; 546; 1055-1067
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: We report evidence for an Fe K-alpha fluorescence line feature and disk reflection in the very high, high-, and low-state X-ray spectra of the Galactic microquasar XTE J1748 - 288 during its 1998 June outburst. Spectral analyses are made on data gathered throughout the outburst by the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer Proportional Counter Array. Gaussian line, relativistic disk emission line, and ionized disk reflection models are fitted to the data. In the very high state the line profile appears strongly redshifted, consistent with disk emission from the innermost stable orbits around a maximally rotating Kerr black hole. In the high state the line profile is less redshifted and increasingly prominent. The low-state line profile is very strong (approx. 0.5 keV equivalent width) and centered at 6.7 +/- 0.10 keV; disk line emission model fits indicate that the inner edge of the disk fluctuates between approx. 20R(sub g) and - approx. 100R(sub g) in this state. The disk reflection fraction is traced through the outburst; reflection from an ionized disk is preferred in the very high and high states, and reflection from a relatively neutral disk is preferred in the low state. We discuss the implications of our findings for the binary system dynamics and accretion flow geometry in XTE J1748 - 288.
    Keywords: Space Radiation
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 546; 1055-1067
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The hard X-ray bursts observed during both major outbursts of the Bursting Pulsar (GRO J1744-28) show pulsations near the neutron star spin frequency with an enhanced amplitude relative to that of the persistent emission. Consistent with previous work, we find that the pulsations within bursts lag behind their expected arrival times based upon the persistent pulsar ephemeris. For an ensemble of 1293 bursts recorded with the Burst and Transient Source Experiment, the average burst pulse time delay (DELTA t (sub FWHM)) is 61.0 plus or minus 0.8 ms in the 25 - 50 keV energy range and 72 plus or minus 5 ms in the 50 - 100 keV band. The residual time delay (DELTA t (sub resid)) from 10 to 240 s following the start of the burst is 18.1 plus or minus 0.7 ms (25 - 50 keV). A significant correlation of the average burst time delay with burst peak flux is found. Our results are consistent with the model of the pulse time lags presented by Miller (1996).
    Keywords: Space Radiation
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-08-15
    Description: One year after its discovery, the Bursting Pulsar (GRO J1744-28) went into outburst again, displaying the hard X-ray bursts and pulsations that make this source unique. We report on BATSE (Burst and Transient Source Experiment) observations of both the persistent and burst emission for this second outburst and draw comparisons with the first. The second outburst was smaller than the first in both duration and peak luminosity. The persistent flux, burst peak flux, and burst fluence were all reduced in amplitude by a factor of approximately 1.7. Despite these differences, the two outbursts were very similar with respect to the burst occurrence rate, the durations and spectra of bursts, the absence of spectral evolution during bursts, and the evolution of the ratio alpha of average persistent to burst luminosity. Although no spectral evolution was found within individual bursts, we find evidence for a small (20%) variation of the spectral temperature during the course of the second outburst.
    Keywords: Space Radiation
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 517; 431-435
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: We have used the Fourier cross spectra of GRO J1719-24. as obtained with BATSE, to estimate the phase lags between the X-ray flux variations in the 20-,50 and 50-100 keV energy bands as a function of Fourier frequency in the interval 0.002-0.488 Hz. Our analysis covers the entire approximately 80 day X-ray outburst of this black-hole candidate, following the first X-ray detection on 1993 September 25. The X-ray variations in the 50-100 keV band, lag those in the 20-50 keV energy band by an approximately constant phase difference of 0.072 +/- 0.010 rad in the frequency interval 0.02-0.20 Hz. The time lags of GRO J1719-24 decrease with frequency as a power law, with index 1.04 +/- 0.13 for frequencies 〉/= 0.01 Hz. These results are discussed together with those obtained in recent similar studies of the black-hole candidates Cyg X-1 and GRO J0422+32.
    Keywords: Space Radiation
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