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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stem Cells in Hair Follicles (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 642 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb24388.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BATSE Observations of GRS 1915+105 and GRO J1655−40 (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 759 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb17551.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Model and Prototype Results for a Sinuous Two-Stage River-Channel Design (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 15 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: A relocated length of the River Blackwater in Hampshire, UK, has been designed and constructed as a doubly-sinuous, two-stage channel. This has been established as a field test site with water level and discharge recording equipment for an ongoing analysis of its hydraulic and ecological performance. Preliminary hydraulic data, which were collected from the site, are analysed and compared with data from two hydraulic models which were built to the same design but at different scales. Results from the prototype, the 1/5, and 1/25 scale models are examined for scaling relationships and scale effects. The small-scale model was then reconstructed with a 2:1 vertical-scale exaggeration, and the results were assessed against the others. Methods for the selection of appropriate surface roughness for small-scale river models are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.2001.tb00335.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlations between X-ray outbursts and relativistic ejections in the X-ray transient GRO J1655 – 40 (1995)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 374 (1995), S. 703-706 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] GRO J1655-40 was first detected on 27 July 1994 with the Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE)4 on board the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO). The transient source was clearly distinguishable from nearby hard X-ray sources such as OAO 1657 -4152. The source was located ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/374703a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cellulose system of the anaerobic rumen fungus Neocallimastix frontalis: studies on the properties of fractions rich in endo-(1→4)-β-d-glucanase activity (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 44 (1995), S. 177-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Seven fractions rich in endoglucanase activity were separated from the extracellular cellulase system of the anaerobic rumen fungus Neocallimastix frontalis. The fractions (ES1, ES3, ES2U1, ES2U2, ES2U4, ES2U3C1 and ES2U3C2) were separated from each other and from a fraction that could solubilize crystalline cellulose (the so-called crystalline-cellulose-solubilizing component, CCSC) by the sequential use of differential adsorption on the microcrystalline cellulose Avicel, gel filtration and affinity chromatography on concanavalin-A—Sepharose. The molecular masses of the endoglucanase fractions, when determined by gel filtration, were 64, 30, 61, 113, 17, 38 and 93 kDa respectively. Each enzyme degraded carboxymethylcellulose and was rich in activity to cellulose swollen in phosphoric acid to break the hydrogen bonding: cellobiose, cellotriose and cellotetraose were released in differing proportions. Each fraction showed a characteristic gradient when the capacity of each enzyme to increase the fluidity of a solution of carboxymethylcellulose was plotted against the increase in reducing power of the solution. Although neither endoglucanase fraction, acting in isolation, could degrade crystalline cellulose, three of the fractions (ES1, ES3 and ES2U1) could act synergistically with the CCSC fraction in this regard. Remarkably, the same three fractions also acted in synergism with the cellobiohydrolase (CBH I and CBH II) of the aerobic fungus Penicillium pinophilum in degrading crystalline cellulose, but only when both cellobiohydrolase enzymes were present in the solution along with any one of the three endoglucanases. These observations support the conclusion that the mechanism of action of the cellulase system of N. frontalis in degrading crystalline cellulose may be similar to that operating in the aerobic fungi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00164499
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the capacity of the cellulase of the anaerobic rumen fungus Piromonas communis P to degrade hydrogen bond-ordered cellulose (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 43 (1995), S. 572-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The anaerobic rumen fungus Piromonas communis, when cultured on cotton fibre as the carbon source, produces an extracellular cellulase that is capable of solubilizing “crystalline” hydrogen-bond-ordered cellulose, in the form of the cotton fibre, at a rate that is greater than that of any other cellulases reported in the literature hitherto. The cell-free culture fluid is also very rich in xylan-degrading enzymes. The activity towards crystalline cellulose resides in a high-molecular-mass (approximately 700–1000 kDa) component (so-called crystalline-cellulose-solubilizing component, CCSC) that comprises endo (1 → 4)-β-D-gluconase (carboxymethylcellulase), β-D-glucosidase and another enzyme that appears to be important for the breakdown of hydrogen-bond-ordered cellulose. The CCSC is associated with only a small amount of the endo-(1 → 4)-β-D-glucanase (1.9%), β-D-glucosidase (0.7%) and protein (0.5%) found in the crude cell-free cellulase preparation. The CCSC, unlike the bulk of the endo-(1 → 4)-β-D-glucanase and β-D-glucosidase, is very strongly absorbed on the microcrystalline cellulose, Avicel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218468
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cellulase system of the anaerobic rumen fungus Neocallimastix frontalis: studies on the properties of fractions rich in endo-(1→4)-β-D-glucanase activity (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 44 (1995), S. 177-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  Seven fractions rich in endoglucanase activity were separated from the extracellular cellulase system of the anaerobic rumen fungus Neocallimastix frontalis. The fractions (ES1, ES3, ES2U1, ES2U2, ES2U4, ES2U3C1 and ES2U3C2) were separated from each other and from a fraction that could solubilize crystalline cellulose (the so-called crystalline-cellulose-solubilizing component, CCSC) by the sequential use of differential adsorption on the microcrystalline cellulose Avicel, gel filtration and affinity chromatography on concanavalin-A–Sepharose. The molecular masses of the endoglucanase fractions, when determined by gel filtration, were 64, 30, 61, 113, 17, 38 and 93 kDa respectively. Each enzyme degraded carboxymethylcellulose and was rich in activity to cellulose swollen in phosphoric acid to break the hydrogen bonding: cellobiose, cellotriose and cellotetraose were released in differing proportions. Each fraction showed a characteristic gradient when the capacity of each enzyme to increase the fluidity of a solution of carboxymethylcellulose was plotted against the increase in reducing power of the solution. Although neither endoglucanase fraction, acting in isolation, could degrade crystalline cellulose, three of the fractions (ES1, ES3 and ES2U1) could act synergistically with the CCSC fraction in this regard. Remarkably, the same three fractions also acted in synergism with the cellobiohydrolases (CBH I and CBH II) of the aerobic fungus Penicillium pinophilum in degrading crystalline cellulose, but only when both cellobiohydrolase enzymes were present in the solution along with any one of the three endoglucanases. These observations support the conclusion that the mechanism of action of the cellulase system of N. frontalis in degrading crystalline cellulose may be similar to that operating in the aerobic fungi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050538
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reproductive success, spontaneous embryo abortion, and genetic load in flowering plants (1987)
    Springer
    Oecologia 71 (1987), S. 501-509 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Epilobium ; Fruit/flower ratio ; Seed/ovule ratio ; Progeny/Zygote ratio
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Reproductive success is divided into two phases: preemergent (the number of viable seeds that enter the ambient environment) and postemergent (the percentage of progeny that survive to reproduce). We studied preemergent reproductive success (PERS) in flowering plants by measuring the fruit/flower (Fr/Fl) ratio and the seed/ovule (S/O) ratio in a number of species of outcrossing and inbreeding plants, where PERS=the product of (Fr/Fl) and (S/O). In order to determine the influence of the ambient environment (including resource availability) we studied pairs of outcrossing and inbreeding species occurring in the same habitat. Among outcrossing species PERS averaged about 22%, whereas in inbreeding species the average was approximately 90%. The progeny/zygote (P/Z) ratio was studied in hand-pollinated populations in Epilobium angustifolium (a strongly outcrossing species) from populations in Oregon and Utah, by direct observation of embryogenesis at twoday intervals throughout the course of seed development. The P/Z ratio in both populations averaged near 30%, and the developing embryos showed a surprising array of abnormalities that resulted in embryo death. During early development 〉95% of the ovules had normally developing globular embryos, but beginning with differentiation (cotyledon formation) about 70% of the original globular embryos aborted during the course of embryogenesis and seed development. The clustering of developmental lethals during peroids of major differentiation events parallels the animal model of development. We found little evidence that PERS was limited by the ambient environment (including resource availability), pollination, or factors associated with the inbreeding habit. Instead, PERS was found to be inextricably linked to outcrossing plants, whose breeding systems promote genetic variability. The high incidence of developmental lethals in E. angustifolium and the resulting low P/Z ratio (ca. 30%) is attributed to genetic load (any lethal mutation or allelic combination) possibly working in combination with developmental selection (interovarian competition among genetically diverse embryos). Examples of maternally controlled, fixed patterns of ovule abortion with respect to position or number are discussed. However, we found no need to employ “female choice” as a hypothesis to explain our results for the extensive, seemingly random patterns of embryo abortion in E. angustifolium and other outcrossing species. A more parsimonious, mechanistic explanation based on genetic load-developmental selection is sufficient to account for the differential survivorship of embryos. Likewise, the traditional concept of a positive growth regulator feedback system based on the number of surviving ovules in an ovary can account for subsequent fruit survivorship.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379288
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synergism between components of the cellulase system of the anaerobic rumen fungus Neocallimastix frontalis and those of the aerobic fungi Penicillium pinophilum and Trichoderma koningii in degrading crystalline cellulose (1994)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 41 (1994), S. 257-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The cellulase system of Neocallimastix frontalis was separated by differential affinity on cellulose into an adsorbed fraction that could solubilize crystalline cellulose (crystalline-cellulose-solubilizing fraction, CCSF), and a non-adsorbed fraction that contained endoglucanase and β-glucosidase activities (non-adsorbed endoglucanase/β-glucosidase, NAE/β-G) but which showed no activity to crystalline cellulose. Both fractions were tested for their capacity to act synergistically with the cellobiohydrolase (CBH) components of aerobic fungi in degrading crystalline cellulose. The CCSF acted synergistically with CBH I components of both Penicillium pinophilum and Trichoderma koningii but not with CBH II. The NAE/β-G fraction also acted synergistically with the CBH components of P. pinophilum but, remarkably, only when both CBH I and CBH II were present in the reaction mixture. By comparison with previously published studies on the mechanism of action of P. pinophilum cellulase it is speculated that the CCSF of N. frontalis may contain CBH I- and CBH II-type enzymes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050140
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synergism between components of the cellulase system of the anaerobic rumen fungus Neocallimastix frontalis and those of the aerobic fungi Penicillium pinophilum and Trichoderma koningii in degrading crystalline cellulose (1994)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 41 (1994), S. 257-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The cellulase system of Neocallimastix frontalis was separated by differential affinity on cellulose into an adsorbed fraction that could solubilize crystalline cellulose (crystalline-cellulose-solubilizing fraction, CCSF), and a non-adsorbed fraction that contained endoglucanase and β-glucosidase activities (non-adsorbed endoglucanase/ β-glucosidas, NAE/β-G) but which showed no activity to crystalline cellulose. Both fractions were tested for their capacity to act synergistically with the cellobiohydrolase (CBH) components of aerobic fungi in degrading crystalline cellulose. The CCSF acted synergistically with CBH I components of both Penicillium pinophilum and Trichoderma koningii but not with CBH II. The NAE/β-G fraction also acted synergistically with the CBH components of P. pinophilum but, remarkably, only when both CBH I and CBH II were present in the reaction mixture. By comparison with previously published studies on the mechanism of action of P. pinophilum cellulase it is speculated that the CCSF of N. frontalis may contain CBH I- and CBH II-type enzymes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00186969
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