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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The interaction of atomic oxygen with thin copper films (1992)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 96 (1992), S. 2318-2323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A source of thermal, ground-state atomic oxygen has been used to expose thin copper films at a flux of 1.4×1017 atoms/cm2 s for times up to 50 min for each of five temperatures between 140 and 200 °C. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy was used to characterize the oxide formed during exposure. The observations are consistent with the oxide phase Cu2O. The time dependence and the temperature dependence of the oxide layer thickness can be described using oxide film growth theory based on rate limitation by diffusion. Within the time and temperature ranges of this study, the growth of the oxide layers is well described by the equation L(T,t)=3.6×108 exp(−1.1/2kBT)t12, where L, T, and t are measured in angstroms, degrees Kelvin, and minutes, respectively. The deduced activation energy is 1.10±0.15 eV, with the attendant oxidation rate being greater than that for the corresponding reaction in molecular oxygen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.462028
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
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    The interaction of atomic oxygen with thin copper films (1992)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0021-9606
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7690
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
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    Coatings could protect composites from hostile space environment (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: An experiment has been conducted on about 100 different material/process combinations, most of which were candidates for use in solar arrays having high power-to-weight ratios. These substances were exposed to the LEO environment during Long-Duration Exposure Facility Experiment A0171 in order to evaluate the synergistic effects of the LEO environment on the materials' mechanical, electrical, and optical properties. Materials evaluated include solar cells, cover slips having antireflectance coatings, adhesives, encapsulants, reflective materials, mast and harness materials, structural composites, and thermal control thin films. About one-sixth of the experiment tray was devoted to composite-material tensile specimens, which were specifically to be studied for changes in their mechanical properties. Preliminary results of the surface-damage evaluation are presented. These surface effects are dominated by atomic-oxygen erosion and micrometeoroid/space debris impacts.
    Keywords: CHEMISTRY AND MATERIALS (GENERAL)
    Type: Advanced Materials and Processes (ISSN 0882-7958); 139; 30-32
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Atomic oxygen effects on LDEF experiment AO171 (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The Solar Array Materials Passive Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) Experiment (SAMPLE), AO171, contained in total approximately 100 materials and materials processes with a 300 specimen complement. With the exception of experiment solar cell and solar cell modules, all test specimens were weighed before flight, thus allowing an accurate determination of mass loss as a result of space exposure. Since almost all of the test specimens were thermal vacuum baked before flight, the mass loss sustained can be attributed principally to atomic oxygen attack. The atomic oxygen effects observed and measured in five classes of materials is documented. The atomic oxygen reactivity values generated for these materials are compared to those values derived for the same materials from exposures on short term shuttle flights. An assessment of the utility of predicting long term atomic oxygen effects from short term exposures is given. This experiment was located on Row 8 position A which allowed all experiment materials to be exposed to an atomic oxygen fluence of 6.93 x 10(exp 21) atoms/cm(sup 2) as a result of being positioned 38 degrees off the RAM direction.
    Keywords: ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center, LDEF: 69 Months in Space. Part 3: Second Post-Retrieval Symposium; p 1125-1135
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Durability of reflector materials in the space environment (1995)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Various reflector configurations were flown as part of the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) A0171 experiment. These reflectors consisted of nickel substrates with aluminum, enhanced aluminum (multiple layers of aluminum and silver), silver, and silver alloy coatings with glassy ceramic overcoatings. These samples have been evaluated for changes in reflectance due to 5.8 years in the space environment. The reflector materials have also been evaluated using angstrometer, Rutherford backscattering (RBS), and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) techniques.
    Keywords: NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center, LDEF: 69 Months in Space. Third Post-Retrieval Symposium, Part 2; p 791-802
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Development and applications of nondestructive evaluation at Marshall Space Flight Center (1990)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: A brief description of facility design and equipment, facility usage, and typical investigations are presented for the following: Surface Inspection Facility; Advanced Computer Tomography Inspection Station (ACTIS); NDE Data Evaluation Facility; Thermographic Test Development Facility; Radiographic Test Facility; Realtime Radiographic Test Facility; Eddy Current Research Facility; Acoustic Emission Monitoring System; Advanced Ultrasonic Test Station (AUTS); Ultrasonic Test Facility; and Computer Controlled Scanning (CONSCAN) System.
    Keywords: QUALITY ASSURANCE AND RELIABILITY
    Type: Second Conference on NDE for Aerospace Requirements; p 15-24
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    An overview of the first results on the solar array materials passive LDEF experiment (sample), A0171 (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Power degradation in the solar cells was consistent with the exposure environment and appears to be produced principally by the radiation and atomic oxygen environments. Atomic oxygen erosion was generally as expected; atomic oxygen effects dominated for the most part in materials that were both atomic oxygen and ultraviolet vulnerable. Silicone coatings appear to protect Kapton, and adhesive systems contained under photon opaque materials were surprisingly environmentally resistant. A high density of small micro-meteroid/space debris impacts were observed on mirrors, protective coatings, paints, and composites. New synergistic effects of the space environment were noted in the interaction of atomic oxygen and copious amounts of contamination and in the induced luminescence of many materials.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center, LDEF: 69 Months in Space. First Post-Retrieval Symposium, Part 3; p 1241-1254
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Performance of thermal control tape in the protection of composite materials (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The selection of materials for construction of long duration mission spacecraft has presented many challenges to the aerospace design community. After nearly six years in low earth orbit, NASA's Long duration Exposure Facility (LDEF), retrieved in January of 1990, has provided valuable information on both the nature of the space environment as well as the effects of the space environment on potential spacecraft materials. Composites, long a favorite of the design community because of a high strength-to-weight ratio, were flown in various configurations on LDEF in order to evaluate the effects of radiation, atomic oxygen, vacuum, micrometeoroid debris, and thermal variation on their performance. Fiberglass composite samples covered with an aluminum thermal control tape were flown as part of the flight experiment A0171, the Solar Array Materials Passive LDEF Experiment (SAMPLE). Visual observations and test results indicate that the thermal control tape suffered little degradation from the space exposure and proved to be a reliable source of protection from atomic oxygen erosion and UV radiation for the underlying composite material.
    Keywords: COMPOSITE MATERIALS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center, LDEF Materials Workshop 1991, Part 1; p 223-232
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Thermal control surfaces on the MSFC LDEF experiments (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: There were five Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) experiments on the LDEF. Each of those experiments carried thermal control surfaces either as test samples or as operational surfaces. These materials experienced varying degrees of mechanical and optical damage. Some materials were virtually unchanged by the extended exposure while others suffered extensive degradation. The synergistic effects due to the constituents of the space environment are evident in the diversity of these material changes. The sample complement for the MSFC experiments is described along with results of the continuing analyses efforts.
    Keywords: NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center, LDEF Materials Workshop 1991, Part 1; p 187-209
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Selected results for metals from LDEF experiment A0171 (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Metal specimens in disk type and ribbon configurations of interest to various programs at the Marshall Space Flight Center were exposed to the LEO environment for 5.8 years on Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) Experiment A0171. Most of the metals flown were well heat sunk in the LDEF experiment tray which experienced benign temperatures, but a few metals were thermally isolated allowing them to experience greater thermal extremes. All metal specimens whose preflight weights were known showed a weight change as a result of exposure. Optical property and mass changes are attributed principally to atomic oxygen exposures. Silver and copper were grossly affected whereas tantalum, molybdenum, and several preoxidized alloys were the least affected. Metals contained in this experiment are shown. Results including mass, surface morphology, and optical property changes from selected evaluations of these metals are presented.
    Keywords: METALLIC MATERIALS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center, LDEF Materials Workshop 1991, Part 2; p 467-478
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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