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  • Salinity  (13)
  • 2015-2019  (13)
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  • 1
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    The percentage determination of Rutilus frisii kutum (200, 500 and 1000 mg) resistance to salinity, turbidity and decrease of oxygen by usage of the river water at the releasing meantime (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The survey effect of salinity, turbidity and dissolved oxygen performed on Rutilus frisii Kutum juveniles with aim, which was determined about survival rate and histological changes in gill and kidney tissues. Juveniles provided from the Rajai's fish propagation center and then examined in Caspian Sea Ecology Research Center laboratory. The juveniles were investigated on three weight group (200-〈400, 400-〈600, 600-〈1000 mg) and two dissolved oxygen levels (7.6 ± 0.19, 3.8 ± 0.15 mg/L)in fresh water and Caspian sea water(12.5 ppt). Also, six turbidity levels (50 FTU, 430FTU, 2600 FTU, 7800 FTU, 15600 FTU) were probed in freshwater during 168hr. Each treatment has three replications. The factorial test evaluated for survival rate in treatments. The results shown that there was a significant difference among treatments in the different levels of factors, (p〈0.05, Duncan test). The juveniles' survival rate has decreased than control treatment in brackish water and turbidity in freshwater. It was demonstrated that with increasing fish weight, therefore, the survival rate is increased. The lowest survival rates under salinity stress (〉75%) had shown in 400-〈600mg weight group with dissolve oxygen: 3.8±0.15SE mg/l. In addition, the lowest survival rates under turbidity stress (95.83%) had shown that in weight group less than 400 mg with turbidity 15600 FTU. Therefore, survival of juveniles was high. However, gill tissue of juveniles under turbidity and salinity stress became short (necrosis) and thick (edema and hyperplasia) in the end of experiments. The juveniles gill tissues were not changes in the river clear freshwater. Therefore, the factors of gill tissue deformation were salinity and suspended particles in the water. However, the structures of kidney in the different groups of juveniles were similar. Nevertheless, juveniles glomerular diameter increased with increasing weight (p〈0.05, Duncan test). Furthermore, there was a increasing the internal cavity of the proximal and distal tubules and decreasing of glomeruli in diameter in the transfer of juveniles from freshwater to brackish water. Although the survival rate of juveniles is acceptable in this study, but there was abnormal changes in the structure of them gills. It appears that this change will cause a disruption in trend of juvenile's growth.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Ecology ; Rutilus frisii Kutum ; Juvenile ; Salinity ; Turbidity ; Oxygen ; Survey ; Survival rate ; Gill tissue ; Freshwater ; Brackishwater
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 71pp.
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  • 2
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    Stimulation of osmoregulation system and comparison growth performance of Rutilus Kutum (less than a gram) with using salty diet at freshwater (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In this research was used sodium chloride in feed supplement to stimulate ion- osmotic regulation system of Rutilus Kutum juveniles (about one gram) in fresh water environment.The purpose of this experiment was to improve survival and growth ability of juveniles’ fish in brackish water during times of transition. The initial average weightes of Juveniles’ fish were 0.91±0.01 g (mean±SE). Experiments carried out in two phases. In step one, the Juveniles’ fish were kept for 15 days in fresh water and fed with commercial diet plus NaCl supplement (control without NaCl supplement, 5, 7 and 10 percent) in four treatments, each treatment inclusive three replication. In the second step, the fish transferred to brackish water (12.5 psu) and fed for 28 days with a commercial diet (without NaCl supplement). The results showed that no change compared to control treatment in renal tissue in step one. The difference between the kidneys were not in fish fed with NaCl supplement and without it. Nevertheless, a significant difference was observed between the size of the glomeruli and renal tubules between fresh and brackish water environments (between stage one and two), (P〈0.05). In step one, were observed in the gill accessory cells in treatments fed salt supplements. At the end of the second step, the number of gill chloride cells in fish fed with salt supplementation was more than control (P〈0.05). In addition, the highest and lowest weight gain was obtained in treatment two and four respectively (P〈0.05), and no significant difference was observed between control and treatment 3 (P〉0.05). The results showed that the fish fed dietary supplements of sodium chloride 10% versus the control treatment had less weight gain. Therefore, the was obtained the highest weight gain and growth performance (condition factor, specific growth rate) and the highest feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio and the lowest feed conversion ratio in treatment 2 with the feeding of 5% NaCl in dietary supplements.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Rutilus Kutum ; Juvenile ; Salinity ; Turbidity ; Growth ; Gill ; Kidney
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 56pp.
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  • 3
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    Influence of Salinity Upon Growth rate and Tolerance of Barbus sharpeyi (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Studies show that there are some freshwater fishes which can survive in brackish and saline waters. Although it is not long that study on the tolerance of fishes against various salinities and effect of salinity on growth rate has been caught up in sclentific fields and that only a few fishes have been subjected to such studies, promising results encouraged us to carry out similar experiments on Barbus sharpeyi from cyprinidae Freshwater Barbus sharpeyi transferred to brackish water with different salinity degrees in three stages as follows : 1) Direct transfer from freshwater to waters of 2, 4, 6, ... , 16, 18 ppt salinity 2 Stepwise transfer to waters of 1, 2 3,...., 17, 18 PPt salinity for tolerance studies. 3) Stepwise transfer to waters with two degrees difference in salinity, for growth rate studies. in this phase freshwater was taken as control. Statistical analysis Computer analysis of acquired data was carried out using t.student and ANOVA statistic, Analyses were significant at p 〈 0.05.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Brackish ; Barbus sharpeyi ; Freshwater ; Salinity ; Growth rate ; Tolerance
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.45-55
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  • 4
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    The effects of NaCl on hematocrit and hemoglobin of Cyprinus carpio blood (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In this investigation, two hematological factors of hematocrit and hemoglobin and their changes regarding to different salinities were studied in common carp. Seven aquarium (with 100 lit. volume for each) were chosen and the water salinity of each one were adjusted to 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, I5 and I8 ppt, respectively. 16 specimen of common carp with 50-90 g body weight were added to aquariums. The blood samples of fishes were collected in periods of 12 to 96 hour for further hematological measurements. The results showed that in salinity of 18 ppt. all fishes died after less than 12 hours. In Stress condition, the minimum and maximum hematocrit index were found 13 to 45% and hemoglobin factor were varied from 5.0 to 12.2 g/lit.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: NaCl ; Hematocrit ; Hemoglobin ; Cyprinus carpio ; Blood ; Carp ; Aquarium ; Salinity ; Specimens ; Fishes ; Common carp
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.13-22
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  • 5
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    Epidemiological study on some environmental and management parameters affecting on WSD occurrence in Fenneropenaeus indicus and Penaeus vannamei (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: For the first time white spot disease (WSD) was reported in shrimp farms of khoozestan province, in southwest of IRAN in 2002. Then in 2005 the neighbor province, boushehr, was contaminated. In 2008 WSD outbreak reported in sistan-bloochestan province in southeast of Iran. In 2015 all of southern shrimp farms of country except Hormozgan, the middle southern province, which has remained free of WSD, are being contaminated. White Spot disease suspended shrimp culture in thousands hectares of shrimp farms. Considering that white spot disease has not been observed in Hormozgan province yet, the question is; to what extent environmental and management factors participated in preventing WSD outbreak or cause WSD outbreak. In this study (20102012), the effects of environmental factors and management, stressors that decrease immune system function of shrimp are discussed. In addition, the role of pathogen as the main factor of outbreak is discussed. The goal of this study is to define environmental parameters and management practices associates with outbreak of white spot disease in affected provinces and discover reasons of being Hormozgan province free of this disease. In this study the role of the local environmental factors and management practice stressors in susceptibility to WSD was determine. Both the effects of environmental factors in water of ponds including total ammonia, nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, transparency, and temperature and management issues related to biosecurity are studied. There were overlaps on physical and chemical parameter values obtained in clear areas with contaminated areas .Results of the data analysis suggest that lack of association with WSD incidence was 7 times greater than WSD incidence despite of disease outbreak in sistan-bloochestan province, so other sources of white spot disease virus incidence was suspected in affected areas. Histopathological examinations and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests during project performance did not reveal white spot disease virus evidences in post larvae examined from khoozestan province stocked in farms but disease outbreak was happened in that farms , so we suspected to management practice include feed , pond preparation and carrier of disease . Recorded values of temperature and salinity in some months during inspection in Hormozgan province specified stressful condition that may lead to WSD outbreak, however the disease did not appear. Therefore the hypothesis that the water physical and chemical conditions are reasons to prevent disease outbreak in Hormozgan province is being rejected. The policy of Hormozgan’s fishery authorities, to replaced Fenneropenaeus indicus with specific pathogen free Litopenaeus vannamei, that is more resistant to some of diseases, before incidence of WSD in farms and to before being endemic in the Hormozgan province, made an advantage compare to affected southern provinces that introduced Litopenaeus vannamei after WSD prevalence to their farms. However it does not guarantee to maintain current trend of being Hormozgan province farms free of white spot disease. Therefore establishing the principals of biosecurity are strongly emphasized. Strategies taken by the proficient authorities in preparation of SPF shrimp broodstock can be the most important factor in preventing WSD. Regarding biosecurity principals purchased feed must be free of shrimp head powder. Construction the new shrimp farms should be as far as it could be away from contaminated areas.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Environmental ; Physical ; Chemical ; Epidemiological study ; WSD ; Fenneropenaeus indicus ; Penaeus vannamei ; Shrimp ; White Spot Disease ; Temperature ; Salinity ; PCR ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Ammonia ; Nitrogen ; Dissolved oxygen ; pH ; Transparency
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 468pp.
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  • 6
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    Ecological study on fisheries important rivers and bays in the south part of the Caspian Sea 2nd phase: Gorgan Bay (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In this study ichthyoplankton, phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthics and hydrochemistry parameters were studied. 9 out of 11 sampling stations were in the Gorgan Bay area and 2 of them were in the mouth of the Bay. Ichthyoplankton survey were carried out in 6 stations and the other surveys such as phytoplankton, etc were done in 11 stations in 2009. Gorgan Bay map and position of sampling sites are given at the end of material and methods section. Biomass and frequency of phytoplankton at different stations, months and seasons were calculated that are presented in Tables 1 to 3. Hydro-chemical parameters such as water temperature, air temperature, visibility, DO, BOD5, pH, Alkalinity (bicarbonate, carbonate and total) , Hardness (calcium, magnesium), CL,EC, Salinity, N (nitrate, nitrite, NH3), Phosphate were measured and results are shown Table 11 . Biomass (mgr/m3) and numbers (ind./m3) of 47 genus of different phylum of phytoplanktons such as Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Pyrophyta, Chrysophyta and Euglenaphyta as well as different phylum of zooplanktons consist of Protozoa, Arthropoda, Rotifera and Cyliophora were estimated. Frequency of phytoplanktons (ind/m3) was 131.2, 1.6, 65.3, 18.9 and 23.8 millions respectively. Furthermore, their biomass was 308.4, 1.9, 1358.9, 295.1 and 124.7 mg/m3, respectively. The maximum and minimum numbers were observed in Leptolingbaya belonged to Cyanophyta and Diatoms of Chrysophyta 84.3 and 0.025 million ( ind/ m3) respectively. The maximum and minimum biomass was observed in Gyrosigma (Chrysophyta) and Tetradron (Chloropyta), 12317.3 and 0.014 mg/m3 respectively. The average biomass of zooplankton was measured 531.74, 30.77, 225.07, and 96.26 mg/m3 respectively and the total was attained 883.83 mg/m3 Table 5 . The maximum and minimum biomass of all zooplanktons was estimated in November and July, 3446.23 and 6 mg/m3 respectively. Furthermore, the maximum and minimum numbers of zooplanktons were found in September and July which were 48.4 and 0.002 millions respectively and the average number was 8.4 ind/m3 Table 4 . Also numbers and biomass (gr/m2) of 11 families of benthos which inhabit Gorgan Bay such as Annelida, Mollusca and Arthropoda were investigated in separated stations and distinctive months. The maximum and minimum biomass of benthos was observed in January (42.91 gr/m2) and March (0.6428 gr/m2). The biomass was considerable in April, February, August and December (Tables: 4, 5 and 6).
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Hydrochemistry ; Ecological study ; Fisheries ; Ichthyoplanktons ; Phytoplankton ; Zooplankton ; Benthic ; Sampling ; Biomass ; Temperature ; Visibility ; pH ; Alkalinity ; Salinity ; Phosphate ; Cyanophyta ; Annelida ; Mollusca
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 97pp.
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  • 7
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    Osmoregulatory capabilities of Zander (Sander lucioperca) fingerlings in different salinities of the Caspian Sea (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Osmoregulation capabilities of two size groups (1 and 2g) of zander , Sander lucioperca, fingerlings were investigated survival rate, plasma osmolarity, sodium (Na+), chloride (Cl-) ion concentrations and cortisol level within 0, 6, 24, 72 and 240 h after abrupt transfer from freshwater to 7 and 12‰ salinity. Also, some hematological parameters were measured at 240h. The plasma osmolarity and ion concentrations (Na+, Cl-) increased immediately after the transference to 7 and 12‰ salinity, reaching maximum at 72h in 1g and at 24 h in 2g fingerlings, and significantly decreased at 240 h, while the freshwater control group maintained almost constant during 10 days which showed lower than the salinity groups. The pattern of cortisol level changes was similar in two size groups after exposure to different salinities and it reflected stress of handling. There were no significant differences between hematological values of two salinity treatment groups than the freshwater control at 240h. The result showed, not only 2g zander fingerlings acted better than 1g in faced with salinity but also the fingerlings weighing 1g could survived and tolerate Caspian Sea water salinity up to 12‰. It is suggested that the release of zander weighing from 1g would help to restocking management of this species in the southern Caspian Sea.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Biology ; Physiology ; Sander lucioperca ; Size ; Salinity ; Osmoregulation ; Cortisol ; Fingerlings
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.247-261
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  • 8
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    Effects salinity on growth, chlorophyll and β-carotene concentration in Dunaliella sp. isolated from Chabahar Gulf (2019)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Dunaliella sp. is from division of chlorophyte algae that has a global distribution and is abundantly reported in the coastal waters of Chabahar Bay. This algae is a euryhalin species which may support high temperatures and lack of Nitrogen conditions in the sea. Also as a response to environmental stresses it fluctuates pigment reserves specially the Beta-Carotene. The aim of this study was effects of salinity on growth, chlorophyll and β-carotene concentration in Dunaliella sp. In this study in beyond the separation and purification of Dunaliella sp. from seawater, the impact of different levels of salinity (0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3 and 4 mol NaCl) on growth, the amount of chlorophyll and βcarotene were measured during a period of 4 weeks. Chlorophyll a, b and β-carotene contents were determined spectrophotometrically from algal pellets using 80% (v/v) acetone/water mixture. Results showed that the Dunaliella sp. in treatments of 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3 and 4 mol NaCl could grow, but the maximum growth of this algae and the maximum amount of β-carotene were observed in salinities between 1.5 to 2 mol NaCl (p〈0.05). Parallel to growth of the algae the production of chlorophyll a and b was increased in all salinities treatments but their production causes a decrease in β- carotene production.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Dunaliella sp. ; Chlorophyll ; Growth ; Salinity
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.71-82
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  • 9
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    Environmental impacts of shrimp farms on coastal waters in Tiab area, Hormozgan province, south of Iran (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Shrimp farming industry has rapidly expanded in the south of Iran and in particular in Honnozgan Province along the coastal line during the past decade. A survey was conducted for evaluation of environmental impacts of effluents from the shrimp farms during culture season (July-December 2003) of Tiab area in Hormozgan Province. The physico-chemical parameters such as air and water temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, BOD5, nitrite, nitrate, total ammonia, inorganic phosphorus and total phosphorus were recorded monthly from 9 stations. The stations consisted of two inlets (stations 13 3), two outlets of effluents (stations 2, 4) and the remaining 5 stations were located along the coastal lines. The parameters were measured at 21-40°C, 22on39°C, 37-54ppt, 7.85-8.38, 4-8.1mg/L, 0.2-8.5mg/L, 0.11-0 .186mg/L, 0.001-0.029mg/L, 0- 0.016mg/L, Ome0.043mg/L and 0.014-1.4mg/L) respectively. The results showed that the range of most of the measured parameters such as water temperature, salinity, BOD5, ammonia, nitrate, phosphate and TP in the outflow waters (2, 4) were higher than inflow (1, 3) and coastal waters (5, 6, 7, 8 ,9). Statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) demonstrated a significant difference between outlet effluent and other stations (P〈0.05). We also concluded that the nutrients in the culture effluents are somewhat used by fauna of the Tiab creek, hence decreasing the pollutant load of the effluent.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Shrimp culture ; Coastal waters ; Effluents ; Salinity ; Temperature ; Aquaculture ; pH ; Marine
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.21-32
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  • 10
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    The assessment quality of effluent from shrimp aquaculture site in Gwater (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Present study was conducted in shrimp farm located in east of Chabahar in Sistan and Balouchestan province from August 2001 until May 2003. Fourteen stations at three locations (i.e. supply channel, drainage channel and Gwatr Gulf) were selected to determine physical and chemical factors such as; temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, phosphate, silicate, total suspended solid and turbidity. Sampling was conducted twice a month during the shrimp culturing period and monthly at other times. Water samples were collected every two weeks to determine Chemical and Physical factors, Chlorophyll a, Phytoplankton and Zooplankton. Sediment samples were collected seasonally to examine Macrobenthos, Grain size and Total Organic Matter. The results revealed different bioenvironmental area in the three locations (i.e. supply channel, drainage channel and Gwatr gulf) over the study period. One-way analyze of variance of chemical and physical factors indicated significant difference between different times as well as different stations (p〈0.05). The negative relationship was observed between the culturing production area and the amount of average dissolved oxygen, pH and total suspend solid. An increase in the culturing production area in 2002 as compared to that of 2001 causes a decrease in the amount of these factors. However, it dose indicates positive relationship with nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, transparency and chlorophyll. Forty nine phytoplankton genus were identified, which mainly belong to diatoma, dinoflagellate and green blue algae. Diatom was dominated among these groups. Diatom and green-blue algae and diatom comprised %79, %69 and %64 of phytoplankton flora respectively in supply channel, Gwater Gulf and drainage channel. Copepod and thintinnida were the major groups of zooplankton. High abundance of bivalve, Polychaetes and amphipoda were found in supply channel, Gwatr Gulf and drainage channel respectively. Analysis of grain size showed the existence of sandy sediment in Gulf of Gwatr and sandy-loom in supply channel. Drainage channel sediment found to be sandy-loom, sandy-silty-loom and sand loom. Among three locations, the highest TOM was found in drainage channel. In last location, production area in 2002 increased as compared to that of 2001, which showed negative relationship with salinity, nitrate, nitrit, ammonia and chlorophyll a. Drainage of the Gwatr s shrimp farm did not cause any thermal contamination in the location. Shrimp aquaculture activities caused an increase in the average of salinity, range of pH in the Gwatr Gulf.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Physical ; Chemical ; Shrimp ; Aquaculture ; Temperature ; Salinity ; Dissolved oxygen ; pH ; Nitrate ; Ammonia ; Sampling ; Phytoplankton ; Zooplankton ; Sediment
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 153pp.
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