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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copolyesters. III. Thermal degradation of poly(butylene terephthalate-co-adipate)s (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 39 (1990), S. 225-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The copolyesters of poly(butylene terephthalate) and poly(butylene adipate) were prepared by melt polycondensation of 1,4-butanediol, terephthalic acid, and adipic acid. The thermal stability was important for their use a shot melt adhesives. The thermal degradation of these copolysters and homopolyesters was determined through TGA, change of acid number, IR, GPC, and NMR analyses. It was found that the thermal stability of the copolysters in oxygen decreased as the content of butylene adipate increased at temperature above and below Tm. Thermal degradation occured in oxygen even at temperature lower than Tm, so that degradation would also occur at room temperature in air and embrittlement was found for these copolysters for long term service.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070390202
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copolyesters. IV. Copolyesters of polycaprolactone and poly(butylene terephthalate) (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 39 (1990), S. 233-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The copolyesters of poly(butylene terephthalate) and polycaprolactone were prepared by melt polycondensation. The charged form of the caprolactone unit was either caprolactone or polycaprolactonediol. The chemical structure of the copolyesters was investigated by proton NMR. It was found that the content of the caprolactone unit in copolyesters was lower than the charged value. The copolyesters prepared from both caprolactone and polycaprolactonediol were found to be random copolymers. Tm, Tg, and crystallinity of the copolyesters decreased as the content of caprolactone unit increased due to the copolymerization effect. The tensile strength, modulus, and hardness decreased as the content of caprolactone unit increased, which was consistent with the trend of crystallinity.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070390203
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A theory of the thermodynamic behavior of nonelectrolyte solutions. IV. Application to low molecular weight systems (1960)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 46 (1960), S. 333-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A study has been made to show that Maron's theory of the thermodynamic behavior of nonelectrolyte solutions is applicable to systems with low molecular weight solutes as well as polymers. In this connection were investigated three systems of varying degrees of complexity, namely: (1)carbon tetrachloride-cyclohexane, (2)acetone-chloroform, and (3)water-ethyl alcohol. The first of these systems yields a small positive interaction parameter μ which is essentially independent of volume fraction v2 but which decreases with temperature T. On the other hand, the system acetone-chloroform gives μ's which are large, negative, and strongly dependent on both T and v2. Similarly the system water-ethyl alcohol yields μ's which vary with both v2 and T, but in this case they are large and positive. The relations deduced for the μ's as a function of T and v2 reproduce very satisfactorily the available thermodynamic data for these systems. A discussion is also given of the significance of the observed interaction parameters.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1960.1204614804
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mikrobielle Werkstoffzerstörung - Schadensfälle und Gegenmaßnahmen für Kunst- und Naturstoffe. Mikrobiologische Zerstörung von Silikon-Elastomeren (1994)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 45 (1994), S. 170-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Microbial deterioration of materials - case histories and countermeasures for plastics and natural materials: Biodeterioration of silicone elastomers
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19940450307
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Image formation of alkyl-pendent aromatic polyimide by photocoupling with aromatic ketones (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 214 (1994), S. 57-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Positive und negative Photostrukturen wurden in einem Polyimid (PI) aus 4,4′-Biphthalsäureanhydrid (BPA) und 4,4′-Diamino-3,3′-dimethyldiphenylmethan (DADMDPM), PI(BPA/DADMDPM) erzeugt, nachdem dieses mit Michlers Keton (MK) bzw. Benzophenon (BP) dotiert und einer ultravioletten Strahlung von 400 ± 50 nm ausgesetzt und naß entwickelt wurde. Das Prinzip der positiven Abbildung basiert auf dem Photokupplungseffekt von MK mit PI, der die Löslichkeit des Polyimids erhöht und so die Entwicklung eines Positivmusters ermöglicht. Die Erzeugung negativer Muster wird durch intermakromolekulare Wasserstoffbrücken zwischen der Carbonylgruppe des Imid-Rings und der Hydroxygruppe, die bei der photoinduzierten Kupplung von Benzophenon mit dem Polyimid gebildet wird, bewirkt. Die lithographische Auswertung zeigt, daß der mit MK dotierte, positive Polyimidfilm nicht in der Lage ist, brauchbare Muster zu erzeugen, da die UV-Wellenlängen von MK absorbiert werden, wodurch die Photokupplung in den tieferen Schichten des Films verhindert wird. Andererseits können in dem 0,6 μm dicken, mit Benzophenon dotierten Polyimidfilm sogar 2 μm schmale Linien aufgelöst werden.
    Notes: Positive and negative photostructures are formed after the polyimide (PI) of 4,4′-biphthalic anhydride (BPA) and 4,4′-diamino-3,3′-dimethyldiphenylmethane (DADMDPM), PI(BPA/DADMDPM) is doped with Michler′s ketone (MK) and benzophenone (BP), respectively, and is subjected to UV light (400 ± 50 nm) irradiation and solvent development. The principle of positive feature formation is based on the photocoupling of MK with PI, which increases PI solubility and thus enables a positive pattern to be developed. The phenomenon of negative photopatterning results from intermacromolecular H-bonding between the carbonyl group of the imide ring and the hydroxy group which is formed in the photoinduced coupling reaction between BP and PI. Lithographic evaluation shows that the MK-doped positive-acting PI film cannot form useful patterns because UV wavelengths are strongly absorbed by MK, which limits the depth of photocoupling in the film. On the other hand, 2-μm-wide lines can be resolved in the BP-doped negative-acting 0.6-μm-thick PI film.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1994.052140106
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and characterization of new synthetic noncross-linked anion exchange membranes (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 211 (1993), S. 9-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Neue synthetische, unvernetzte Anionenaustauscher-Membranen wurden aus Lösungen von quanternisierten Chlormethylstyrol-Methylmethacrylat-Copolymeren mit 64.0, 42.9, 19.7, 12.9 und 11.0 mol-% Chlormethylstyrol hergestellt.Ionenaustauschkapazität, Wasseraufnahme und physikochemische Eigenschaften (Membranpotential und Überführungszahlen) der Membranen wurden ermittelt. Die Membranen können nach Behandlung der Copolymeren mit tertiären Aminen hergestellt werden, wobei die Membranen aus Copolymeren mit 12, 9 bzw. 11,0 mol-% Chlormethylstyrol eine ausgezeichnete Dimensionsstabilität und mechanische Festigkeit gegen verdünnte Säuren, verdünnte Laugen und Salzlösungen besitzen und in einer Reihe organischer Lösemittel wie Aceton, Methylethylketon und Methanol löslich sind. Ihre Anionen-Überführungszahlen in 0,01 N und 0,03 N KC1-Lösungen betrugen 0,96 bzw. 0,97, ermittelt aus Membranpotentialmessungen.
    Notes: New synthetic noncross-linked anion exchange membranes have been prepared by casting a solution of quaternized chloromethylstyrene-methyl methacrylate copolymers containing 64.0, 42.9, 19.7, 12.9 and 11.0 mol-% chloromethylstyrene. The ion exchange capacity, water content and physicochemical properties (membrane potential and transport number) of these membranes were studied. The results showed that the copolymers can be fabricated in membrane form after treatment with tertiary amine, of which the membranes produced from the 12.9 and 11.0 mol-% copolymer exhibited excellent dimensional stability and mechanical strength towards dilute alkali solution, dilute acid solution and salt solution, and were soluble in a variety of organic solvents, such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and methanol. Their anion transport numbers determined from the membrane potential measurements in 0.01 N and 0.3 N KCI solution were 0.96 and 0.97, respectively.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1993.052110102
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Air separation characteristics with liquid crystalline alkyl cellulose blend thin-film composite membranes (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 220 (1994), S. 151-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Aus dünnen, dichten Filmen von Blends aus flüssigkristalliner Triheptylcellulose (THC) mit Ethylcellulose (EC) und porösen Trägerschichten aus Poly(ethersulfon) (PES) oder Polysulfon (PSF) wurden Verbundmembranen hergestellt. Die Auswirkungen der Membranzusammensetzung und der Betriebsbedingungen auf die Trenneigenschaften der Membranen beim Durchtritt von mit Sauerstoff angereicherter Luft (OEA) wurden mit einer Methode, die bei konstantem Druck und variablem Volumen arbeitet, untersucht. Die Trenneigenschften der Membranen erwiesen sich in Langzeitversuchen bis 800 Stunden als konstant und zeigten beim Wechsel zwischen PES- und PSF-Trägerschichten keine charakteristische Veränderung. Bei einem einmaligen Membrandurchtritt mit Durchflußraten von 1,0·10-3 bis 1,9·10-3 cm3 (STP)/s·cm2 bei Temperaturen von 30 bis 55°C und Druckdifferenzen von 0,41 bis 0,45 MPa wurden Sauerstoffanreicherungen zwischen 34,8 und 39,4 Vol.-% erreicht. Der OEA-Fluß durch die hergestellten Dünnfilm-Verbundmembranen ist sehr vie1 höher als durch homogene Membranen aus den gleichen Materialien.
    Notes: Composite membranes were made of liquid crystalline triheptyl cellulose (THC)/ethyl cellulose (EC) blends as dense thin films and poly(ether sulfone) (PES) or polysulfone (PSF) as porous support layer. The effects of the composite membrane composition and operating conditions on the air separation characteristics of oxygenenriched air (OEA) permeating through the membranes were studied using a constant pressure-variable volume method. The flux (OEA) through the membranes decreases slightly and the oxygen concentration in the OEA permeated increases with increasing THC content in the thin film from 4 to 15 wt.-%. The OEA flux increases significantly with decreasing thin-film thickness or increasing operating temperature and transmembrane pressure difference. The oxygen concentration in the OEA increases with increasing the thin-film thickness or the pressure difference but decreases slightly with increasing the operating temperature. There is no regular variation in the air separation properties by changing the support from PES to PSF. In long-term tests, the air separation properties remained almost constant for as long as 800 h. An OEA flux of 1.0-1.9·10-3 cm3 (STP)/s·cm2 containing 34.8-39.4 vol.-% oxygen can be attained at 30-55°C and 0.41-0.49 MPa pressure difference in a single pass through the membranes. The OEA flux is much higher for the thin-film composite membranes than for the homogeneous dense membranes made of the same materials.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1994.052200113
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular structure of liquid-crystalline copolyesters of vanillic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 227 (1995), S. 69-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Thermotrop flüssigkristalline Copolyester aus Vanillinsäure (V), 4-Hydroxybenzoesäure (B) und Polyethylenterephthalat (E) wurden mittels 1H-NMR-Spektroskopie und Gelpermeationschromatographie (GPC) untersucht. Die neun möglichen Diaden konnten detektiert und zugeordnet werden. Die Abfolge der Grundeinheiten der V/B/E-Copolyester ändert sich mit zunehmendem B-Anteil von statistischer Verteilung zur Blockbildung und ist außerdem geringfügig von der Katalysatorkonzentration und der Polykondensationsdauer abhängig. Die GPC-Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, daß die V/B/E-Copolyester engere Molekulargewichtsverteilungen aufweisen als die B/E-Copolyester. Mit von 0 bis 5 mol-% steigendem V-Anteil verengt sich die Molekulargewichtsverteilung. Die Gelpermeationschromatogramme der meisten V/B/E-Copolyester weisen im Unterschied zu den Einzelsignalen der B/E-Copolyester Dublett-Peaks auf.
    Notes: Thermotropic liquid-crystalline copolyesters made from vanillic acid (V), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (B) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (E) were examined by 1H-NMR and GPC investigations. Nine possible diads could be identified and assigned. The sequence distribution of V/B/E copolyesters tends to change from random to block with an increase of B content in the copolyesters. The sequence distribution also varies slightly with catalyst concentration and polycondensation time. GPC results suggest that the V/B/E copolyesters have narrower molecular weight distribution (MWD) than B/E copolyesters. The MWD of the copolyesters narrows gradually with increasing V content from zero to 5 mol-%. The GPC chromatograms of the most V/B/E copolyesters show double peaks, which is different from the single peak of the GPC chromatograms of the B/E copolyesters.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1995.052270108
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epoxidation of cis-cyclooctene with molecular oxygen catalyzed by magnesium oxide supported polytitazane cobalt (III) complexes (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 243 (1996), S. 69-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Ein auf Magnesiumoxid aufgebrachter Polytitazan-Cobalt (III)-Komplex diente als effektiver Katalysator für die Epoxidierung von cis-Cycloocten mit molekularem Sauerstoff bei Normaldruck in Gegenwart von Isobutyraldehyd als Reduktionsmittel. Nach XPS-Untersuchungen wird Cobalt (III) durch den mehrzähnigen Stickstoffliganden des Polytitazans stabilisiert. Bei 25°C beträgt der cis-Cycloocten-Umsatz nach fünf Stunden 95,2%, mit einer Selektivität von 100% für das cis-Cyclohexylenoxid. Der Katalysator Kann mindestens neun Mal ohne Aktivitätsverlust verwendet werden.
    Notes: Magnesium oxide supported polytitazane cobalt (III) complex is demonstrated as an effective catalyst for the epoxidation of cis-cyclooctene with molecular oxygen at atmospheric pressure in the presence of isobutyraldehyde as the sacrificial reductant. XPS data show that the high-valent cobalt (III) is stabilized by the multidentate nitrogen ligand of polytitazane. The conversion of cis-cyclooctene is as high as 95.2% with 100% selectivity to the cis-cyclooctene oxide at 25°C within 5 h. The catalyst can be used at least nine times without loss of its activity.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1996.052430106
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light-scattering study of the coil-to-globule transition of linear poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) ionomers in water (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 36 (1998), S. 1501-1506 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: intrachain coil-to-globule transition ; interchain aggregation ; laser light scattering ; poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) ; single-chain nanoparticle ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The coil-to-globule transition of two poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) ionomers with different ionic contents (0.8 and 4.5 mol %), but similar weight average molar masses, in deionized water was investigated by a combination of static and dynamic light scattering. In spite of the large difference in their ionic contents, both the ionomers have a nearly same lower critical solution temperature (LCST, ∼ 32.5°C). At temperatures higher than the LCST, the ionomer chains undergo a simultaneous intrachain coil-to-globule transition and interchain aggregation to form nanoparticles thermodynamically stable in water. The average size of the nanoparticles decreases respectively as the ionic content increases and the ionomer concentration decreases. The interchain aggregation can be completely suppressed in an extremely dilute ionomer solution (〈 ∼ 5 × 10-6 g/mL), so that the intrachain coil-to-globule transition leads to the collapse of the ionomer chains into individual single-chain nanoparticles. Our results clearly indicate that there is a hysteresis in the colling process (the globule-to-coil transition). © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 1501-1506, 1998
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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