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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 31 (1980), S. 439-446 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Short-time investigations into the selection of stainless chromium steels with improved corrosion fatigue resistanceUsing the steel X 20 Cr 13 various short-time test methods have been tested for evaluating the corrosion fatigue susceptibility in concentrated air-saturated sodium chloride solution. In addition the steels X 15 CrNi17, X 35 CrMo 17, X 5 CrNiMoCuNb 14 5, X 4 CrNiCuNb 16 4, X 2 CrNiMoN 22 5 3, X 5 CrNiMoCu 25 5, X 8 CrNiMo 27 5 and X 1 CrNiMoNb 28 4 2 have been studied at room temperature of 80° C using crack propagation, constant straining and pitting corrosion methods. The two last mentioned steels are superiour under the test conditions.
    Notes: An dem Stahl X 20 Cr 13 wurden in konzentrierter luftgesättigter NaCl-Lösung bei Raumtemperatur mehrere Kurzzeitmeßverfahren zur Bestimmung der Anfälligkeit gegenüber Schwingungsrißkorrosion erprobt. Mit Rißwachstums-, Constant-Straining- und Lochkorrosionsmessungen wurden auch die Stähle X 15 CrNi 17, X 35 CrMo 17, X 5 CrNiMoCuNb 14 5, X 4 CrNiCuNb 16 4, X 2 CrNiMoN 22 5 3, X 5 CrNiMoCu 25 5, X 8 CrNiMo 27 5 und X 1 CrNiMoNb 28 4 2 bei Raumtemperatur und 80° C untersucht. Die zwei letztgenannten Stähle weisen die höchste Beständigkeit gegen die aufgebrachten Beanspruchungen auf.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 143 (1986), S. 165-182 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Vinylchlorid/Vinylbromid(VC/VBr)-Copolymere wurden radikalisch in Masse hergestellt. Mit zunehmendem Anteil an VBr steigt der Umsatz, und das Molekulargewicht der Copolymeren sinkt, da VBr im VC/VBr-Copolymerisationssystem als Kettenüberträger wirkt. In Übereinstimmung mit der geringeren thermischen Stabilität von Polyvinylbromid (PVBr) zeigen Untersuchungen eine Abnahme der thermischen Stabilität der Copolymeren mit zunehmendem VBr-Gehalt. Der Zusammenhang zwischen dem VBr-Gehalt und der Geschwindigkeit der Dehydrohalogenierung während des thermischen Abbaus folgt einer Exponentialfunktion. In getrennten Experimenten wurde die HBr-Abspaltung mit einer Bromid-selektiven Elektrode gemessen. Die anfängliche HBr-Abspaltungsgeschwindigkeit aus VC/VBr-Copolymeren mit höherem VBr-Gehalt ist deutlich höher als die entsprechenden Werte für die HCl-Abspaltung. Das bestätigt die geringere thermische Beständigkeit der VBr-Monomereinheit verglichen mit der VC-Monomereinheit. UV-Vis-Spektren von abgebauten Copolymeren zeigen eine mit dem VBr-Gehalt steigende Absorption und zunehmende mittlere Länge der Polyensequenzen.Messungen der Dehydrohalogenierung während des Photoabbaus der Copolymeren ergeben eine schnelle Anfangsphase, die in eine langsame stationäre Phase übergeht. Die Anfangsgeschwindigkeit ist für Copolymere mit hohem VBr-Gehalt höher, während diese Copolymeren eine langsamere stationäre Phase aufweisen, die außerdem bei geringeren Abbau-Umsätzen liegt.
    Notes: Vinyl chloride/vinyl bromide (VC/VBr) copolymers have been synthesized by radical copolymerization in bulk. Conversion increases and molecular weight of the copolymers decreases with increasing VBr in the feed. This indicates that VBr is a chain transfer agent in VC/VBr copolymerization systems. In accordance with the lower thermal stability of the vinylbromide homopolymer (PVBr), thermal degradation experiments show that the stability of the copolymers significantly decreases with increasing VBr content. It has been found that the initial rate of dehydrohalogenation is an exponential function of VBr content during thermal degradation of VC/VBr copolymers. In separate experiments, HBr evolved during degradation has been determined by a bromide selective electrode. The initial dehydrobromination rates of VC/VBr copolymers containing higher fractions of VBr are markedly higher than the initial dehydrochlorination rates. This clearly indicates the lower thermal stability of VBr monomer units compared with VC units. UV and visible spectra of degraded VC/VBr copolymers show that the absorption and the average length of polyenes are higher for samples with higher VBr content.Dehydrohalogenation curves obtained during photodegradation of VC/VBr copolymers show a faster initial phase followed by a slower stationary phase. The initial rate of dehydrohalogenation is higher for copolymers containing higher fractions of VBr, whereas these copolymers reach the slower stationary phases at lower extents of dehydrohalogenation.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Durch reduktive Dechlorierung von Polyvinylchlorid mit Tri-n-butylzinnhydrid wurden Vinylchlorid-Ethylen-Copolymere mit verschiedenen Zusammensetzungen im gesamten Bereich von Polyvinylchlorid bis Polyethylen hergestellt. Osmotische Messungen zeigen, daß die Reduktion polymeranalog verläuft. IR-Spektren der Copolymeren und UV-VIS-Spektren von thermisch abgebauten Copolymeren beweisen die statische Verteilung der Comonomeren in den Polymeren. Für die Copolymeren mit hohen Ethylengehalten (über 73 mol-%) entspricht die Beziehung zwischen Schmelztemperatur und Zusammensetzung der Floryschen Gleichung. Trägt man die reziproke Glastemperatur dieser Vinylchlorid-Ethylen-Copolymeren gegen den Gewichtsbruch von Vinylchlorid im Copolymeren auf, ergibt sich eine Gerade. Der Einfluß der Zusammensetzung bzw. der Glastemperatur auf die thermische Chlorwasserstoffabspaltung wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Reductive dechlorination of poly(vinyl chloride) with tri-n-butyltin hydride was used to prepare a series of vinyl chloride-ethylene copolymers covering the complete range of comonomer composition from poly(vinyl chloride) to polyethylene. Osmotic measurements of the molecular weight showed that polymeranalogous products were obtained by the reduction. IR spectra of the copolymers and UV-VIS spectra of thermally degraded copolymers were utilized to verify the statistical distribution of comonomer units in the polymer. The copolymers containing more than 73 mol-% ethylene units show appreciable melting during thermal analysis with differential scanning calorimetry. The relationship between the melting temperature and the composition of the copolymers with a high content of ethylene can be expressed by Flory's equation. The reciprocal glass transition temperatures of vinyl chloride-ethylene copolymers with high contents of vinyl chloride units change linearly with the weight fraction of vinyl chloride in the copolymers. The influence of the composition and the glass transition temperature on the thermal dehydrochlorination is discussed.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Polyvinylchlorid wurde mit verschiedenen Polymethacrylaten und Polycarbonaten durch Ausfällen gemeinsamer Lösungen gemischt. Die thermische Stabilität der Proben wurde bei 180°C in einer Stickstoffatmosphäre mittels konduktometrischer Messung der abgespaltenen Salzsäure bestimmt. Um den Einfluß der Polymethacrylate auf die Länge der entstandenen Polyensequenzen zu ermitteln, wurden die abgebauten Proben UV-spektroskopisch untersucht.Wie die Experimente zeigen, ist die Estergruppe von dominierendem Einfluß auf die thermische Stabilität von Polyvinylchlorid in diesen Blends. Poly-n-butylmethacrylat stabilisiert dabei Polyvinylchlorid am besten. Die eingesetzten Polycarbonate haben Glastemperaturen, die über der Abbautemperatur liegen; sie vermindern die thermische Stabilität von Polyvinylchlorid.Stabilisierungsversuche mit Dibutylzinn-bis(isooctylthioglykolat) zeigen einen costabilisierenden Effekt der Polymethacrylate und Polycarbonate.
    Notes: Poly(vinyl chloride) was mixed with various poly(methacrylate)s and polycarbonates by combined precipitation from common solutions. The thermal stability of the samples was measured at 180°C under nitrogen, the HCl evolved was detected by conductometry.UV-Vis-spectra of degraded samples were measured to investigate the influence of the poly(methacrylate)s on the lengths of polyenes formed during the degradation of poly(vinyl chloride).The experiments show that the nature of the ester group is the dominating factor for the thermal stability of poly(vinyl chloride) in these blends. Poly(n-butylmethacrylate) exhibits the best stabilization for poly(vinyl chloride) in this series. Polycarbonates with a higher glass transition temperature than the temperature of degradation destabilize poly(vinyl chloride).Stabilization experiments with dibutyltin-bis(isooctylthioglycolate) show a costabilizing effect of the poly(methacrylate)s and polycarbonates.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basel : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie, Rapid Communications 3 (1982), S. 563-568 
    ISSN: 0173-2803
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Filmströmung ; Schleuderbeschichtungstechnik ; Stofftransport ; Phasengrenzfläache ; Spin-Coating ; Polymere ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 48 (1976), S. 141-143 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Influences of Static and Dynamic Load on the Adhesive Strength of Thermally Sprayed Metal Coatings on SteelsIt were the aims of this work to produce metal-sprayed specimens and workpieces with high resistance to static and dynamic load, to prove these properties by appropriate measurements and to give advices for practical application.For this purpose, two different substrate materials were metal-coated with five materials by use of three spraying techniques. As a result of the investigations, it can be summarized that specimens, which were shot-peened prior to spray-coating reached the same fatigue limit as only shot-peened specimens, independent on the spraying technique applied.
    Notes: Die Ziele der Arbeit bestanden in der Herstellung von metallgespritzten Proben und Bauteilen mit möglichst hoher statischer und dynamischer Beanspruchbarkeit, im Nachweis dieser Eigenschaften durch entsprechende Messungen und in Empfehlungen für den praktischen Einsatz. Zu diesem Zweck wurden zwei Grundwerkstoffe mit fünf Spritzwerkstoffen nach drei Spritzverfahren beschichtet und anschließend untersucht. Aus den Ergebnissen geht hervor, daß kugelgestrahlte und anschließend metallgespritzte Proben unabhängig von Spritzwerkstoff und -verfahren Dauerfestigkeiten erreichen, die denen des jeweiligen kugelgestrahlten ungespritzten Grundwerkstoffs nahekommen.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 61 (1996), S. 703-713 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Fatigue tests have been performed for 18 silicone-rubber tubes operating as the active element of a crossflow pulsation generator. It was found that the silicone-rubber tube can be used as the main part of a cheap and reliable oscillator with good reproducibility of the downstream pressure. The operating life of the tubes was between 146 h and 378 h of continuous work for peak-to-peak downstream pressure amplitude 220 kPa to 310 kPa and frequency 5.2 Hz to 8.5 Hz. 0 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 33 (1995), S. 2003-2017 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: epoxy ; thermosets ; craze-like damage ; dilatation band ; fracture mechanisms ; toughening ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Formation of dilatation bands has been found in a series of moderately crosslinked thermosets with molecular weights between crosslinks, Mc, ranging from 560 to 1000 g/mole. These dilatation bands, although they do not show distinct craze fibrils inside the band, do behave mechanically like the well-known crazing phenomenon observed in polystyrene. Although the cause for the formation of dilatation bands is still largely unknown, the occurrence of the craze-like fracture phenomenon (dilatation bands) is found to be strongly influenced by the stress state the matrix experiences, by the type of loading applied to the specimen, and by the type/size of toughener particles incorporated in the matrix. The tendency for dilatation band formation in engineering thermosets can be greatly enhanced by the use of craze-prone toughener particles, such as nylon particles. The toughening effect via these newly observed dilatation bands is found to be quite impressive, and in some cases, can approach that via the shear-banding process. The potential significance of the present finding for a better design of toughened thermosets for structural applications is discussed. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
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