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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 12 (1984), S. 157-163 
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary In order to obtain high impact polystyrene (PS), experiments have been performed on coupling of EPDM rubber and PS in the mixing chamber of a HAAKE plastograph. Lewis acids were added to the melt and the torque increase observed by their addition proved that chemical reactions take place in the system. During the reaction, the rubber proved to be more active, it became crosslinked and/or it was coupled with the PS molecules. Only a small fraction of the PS present coupled to the rubber molecules. No significant degradation process could be detected. Mechanical properties (tensile modulus and strength) improved during the reaction. This can be interpreted by the increased solubility of the coupled rubber molecules in the continuous PS phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 143 (1986), S. 165-182 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Vinylchlorid/Vinylbromid(VC/VBr)-Copolymere wurden radikalisch in Masse hergestellt. Mit zunehmendem Anteil an VBr steigt der Umsatz, und das Molekulargewicht der Copolymeren sinkt, da VBr im VC/VBr-Copolymerisationssystem als Kettenüberträger wirkt. In Übereinstimmung mit der geringeren thermischen Stabilität von Polyvinylbromid (PVBr) zeigen Untersuchungen eine Abnahme der thermischen Stabilität der Copolymeren mit zunehmendem VBr-Gehalt. Der Zusammenhang zwischen dem VBr-Gehalt und der Geschwindigkeit der Dehydrohalogenierung während des thermischen Abbaus folgt einer Exponentialfunktion. In getrennten Experimenten wurde die HBr-Abspaltung mit einer Bromid-selektiven Elektrode gemessen. Die anfängliche HBr-Abspaltungsgeschwindigkeit aus VC/VBr-Copolymeren mit höherem VBr-Gehalt ist deutlich höher als die entsprechenden Werte für die HCl-Abspaltung. Das bestätigt die geringere thermische Beständigkeit der VBr-Monomereinheit verglichen mit der VC-Monomereinheit. UV-Vis-Spektren von abgebauten Copolymeren zeigen eine mit dem VBr-Gehalt steigende Absorption und zunehmende mittlere Länge der Polyensequenzen.Messungen der Dehydrohalogenierung während des Photoabbaus der Copolymeren ergeben eine schnelle Anfangsphase, die in eine langsame stationäre Phase übergeht. Die Anfangsgeschwindigkeit ist für Copolymere mit hohem VBr-Gehalt höher, während diese Copolymeren eine langsamere stationäre Phase aufweisen, die außerdem bei geringeren Abbau-Umsätzen liegt.
    Notes: Vinyl chloride/vinyl bromide (VC/VBr) copolymers have been synthesized by radical copolymerization in bulk. Conversion increases and molecular weight of the copolymers decreases with increasing VBr in the feed. This indicates that VBr is a chain transfer agent in VC/VBr copolymerization systems. In accordance with the lower thermal stability of the vinylbromide homopolymer (PVBr), thermal degradation experiments show that the stability of the copolymers significantly decreases with increasing VBr content. It has been found that the initial rate of dehydrohalogenation is an exponential function of VBr content during thermal degradation of VC/VBr copolymers. In separate experiments, HBr evolved during degradation has been determined by a bromide selective electrode. The initial dehydrobromination rates of VC/VBr copolymers containing higher fractions of VBr are markedly higher than the initial dehydrochlorination rates. This clearly indicates the lower thermal stability of VBr monomer units compared with VC units. UV and visible spectra of degraded VC/VBr copolymers show that the absorption and the average length of polyenes are higher for samples with higher VBr content.Dehydrohalogenation curves obtained during photodegradation of VC/VBr copolymers show a faster initial phase followed by a slower stationary phase. The initial rate of dehydrohalogenation is higher for copolymers containing higher fractions of VBr, whereas these copolymers reach the slower stationary phases at lower extents of dehydrohalogenation.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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