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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (3)
  • Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/pathology
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2009-07-25
    Description: African primates are naturally infected with over 40 different simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs), two of which have crossed the species barrier and generated human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2). Unlike the human viruses, however, SIVs do not generally cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in their natural hosts. Here we show that SIVcpz, the immediate precursor of HIV-1, is pathogenic in free-ranging chimpanzees. By following 94 members of two habituated chimpanzee communities in Gombe National Park, Tanzania, for over 9 years, we found a 10- to 16-fold higher age-corrected death hazard for SIVcpz-infected (n = 17) compared to uninfected (n = 77) chimpanzees. We also found that SIVcpz-infected females were less likely to give birth and had a higher infant mortality rate than uninfected females. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization of post-mortem spleen and lymph node samples from three infected and two uninfected chimpanzees revealed significant CD4(+) T-cell depletion in all infected individuals, with evidence of high viral replication and extensive follicular dendritic cell virus trapping in one of them. One female, who died within 3 years of acquiring SIVcpz, had histopathological findings consistent with end-stage AIDS. These results indicate that SIVcpz, like HIV-1, is associated with progressive CD4(+) T-cell loss, lymphatic tissue destruction and premature death. These findings challenge the prevailing view that all natural SIV infections are non-pathogenic and suggest that SIVcpz has a substantial negative impact on the health, reproduction and lifespan of chimpanzees in the wild.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2872475/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2872475/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Keele, Brandon F -- Jones, James Holland -- Terio, Karen A -- Estes, Jacob D -- Rudicell, Rebecca S -- Wilson, Michael L -- Li, Yingying -- Learn, Gerald H -- Beasley, T Mark -- Schumacher-Stankey, Joann -- Wroblewski, Emily -- Mosser, Anna -- Raphael, Jane -- Kamenya, Shadrack -- Lonsdorf, Elizabeth V -- Travis, Dominic A -- Mlengeya, Titus -- Kinsel, Michael J -- Else, James G -- Silvestri, Guido -- Goodall, Jane -- Sharp, Paul M -- Shaw, George M -- Pusey, Anne E -- Hahn, Beatrice H -- HHSN266200400088C/PHS HHS/ -- P30 AI 27767/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30 AI027767/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30 AI027767-21A17134/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI058715/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI058715-06A1/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI50529/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI58715/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI050529/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI050529-06A1/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- RR-00165/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM008111/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI067854/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI067854-059010/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 23;460(7254):515-9. doi: 10.1038/nature08200.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19626114" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/pathology ; Africa ; Animals ; Animals, Wild ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pan troglodytes/*virology ; Prevalence ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency ; Syndrome/epidemiology/immunology/*mortality/*pathology ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 59 (1996), S. 719-723 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The article presents a new idea of the application of polymer track membranes (PTM) for immobilization of a reagent in fiber optic chemical sensors. PTM was made of a poly(ethylene terephthalate) foil (10 μm in thickness, pores of 0.2 μm in diameter). The usefulness of membranes additionally covered by poly(vinyl chloride) was tested in a fiber optic redox titrator. The titrator utilized N,N′-diphenylbenzidine as a reagent which changes its absorbance in dependence on the redox potential. The measuring system is based on a lightemitting diode and a silicon photodiode connected to a bifurcated fiber optic bundle. The gain is in price and availability of the membrane. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 199 (1998), S. 2601-2608 
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer-lectin conjugates were investigated for potential use as targeted oral drug carriers for treatment of inflammatory conditions such as colitis. Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-HPMA copolymer and peanut agglutinin (PNA)-HPMA copolymer and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled WGA- and PNA-HPMA copolymer conjugates were synthesized. Conjugate dissociation constants (Kd) for lectin-carbohydrate binding determined by frontal affinity chromatography indicated that no activity reduction of the lectins occurred during the synthesis of these conjugates. Kd values measured were in good agreement with literature findings for similar lectin-carbohydrate interactions, on the order of 10-5 M-1. Biorecognition of these conjugates by healthy rat intestinal tissue resulted in differential HPMA copolymer-lectin conjugate binding patterns in the same tissue. HPMA copolymer-WGA conjugate showed strong binding in the healthy rat intestinal tissues, while the HPMA copolymer-PNA conjugate showed minimal, but specific binding. This differential binding suggests that site-specific drug delivery via specific lectin recognition may be feasible for treatment of colon inflammation or cancer.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 8 (1996), S. 75-78 
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Potentiometry ; Anions ; Calix[4]arene ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Anion selectivities of membranes based on cationic complexes of thioamide calix[4]arene derivatives are presented for the first time. HgII complexes of thioamide derivatives of calix[4]arene were applied to design perchlorate-selective ISEs which show linear responses in the range 1-5 of pClO4 with a slope of 56.5mV decade -1. The highest selectivity over other anions (except iodides) and optimum performances of electrodes were obtained for a 0.01 M solution of HgII as an internal electrolyte.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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