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  • Life and Medical Sciences  (9)
  • Petrocoptis  (2)
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  • 1995-1999  (5)
  • 1990-1994  (6)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Petrocoptis ; Petroglaucin ; Petrograndin ; Ribosome-inactivating protein ; rRNA N-glycosidase ; Translation (inhibition)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two new N-glycosidase type-1 ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs), denoted petroglaucin 1 and petrograndin, respectively, were isolated from the plantsPetrocoptis glaucifolia (Lag.) Boiss sp.viscosa (Rothm.) Laínz andPetrocoptis grandiflora Rothm. These new RIPs do not share H2N-terminal amino-acid sequence homology with petroglaucin (now denoted as petroglaucin 2), the only other type-1 RIP to be isolated fromP. glaucifolia (Arias et al. (1992) Planta186, 532–540). Petroglaucin 1 shares amino-acid sequence homology with RIPs from Cucurbitaceae while petroglaucin 2 and petrograndin do so with saporins and dianthin 30 (Caryophyllaceae). The new RIPs strongly inhibited protein synthesis at subnanomolar concentrations in rabbit reticulocyte lysates and other eukaryotic cell-free systems, but they were inactive on bacterial ribosomes.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Petrocoptis ; Protein synthesis inhibitor ; Ribosome inactivating protein ; Translation (inhibition)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Petrocoptis glaucifolia, a paleoendemic member of the Caryophyllaceae from the North of Spain, was found to contain at least five proteins that inhibit protein synthesis in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate. One of them, for which the name petroglaucin is proposed, was purified to apparent electrophoretic homogeneity by chromatography through S-Sepharose Fast Flow, Sephadex G-75 and CM-Sepharose Fast Flow. The apparent Mr of the preparation was 27500. This protein does not contain appreciable glycan chains and displays 45.8% of NH2-terminal amino-acid sequence homology with some ribosome-inactivating proteins from Saponaria officinalis, another member of the Caryophyllaceae. Petroglaucin shows the following functional properties: (i) it strongly inhibits the rabbit-reticulocyte-lysate system and Vicia sativa cell-free extracts, both coded by endogenous messengers, and also inhibits poly(U)-directed polyphenylalanine synthesis by Vicia sativa cell-free extracts and purified rat-liver ribosomes; (ii) it shows much less inhibitory capacity in wheat-germ, Cucumis sativus and rat-liver cell-free systems coded by endogenous messengers; (iii) the inhibitory effects on purified rat-liver ribosomes were irreversible; (vi) it promotes the release of adenine from purified rat-liver ribosomes. The total activity of this translational inhibitor has been found to increase up to 11-fold during its purification, indicating that some regulatory factor that normally blocks the translational inhibitory activity of the ribosome-inactivating protein in crude extracts of the plant is removed during purification.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 57 (1995), S. 630-640 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: internal pH ; transformation ; c-fos ; AP-1 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Changes in intracellular pH (pHin) take part in the mitogenic response. Their importance has been stressed by the finding that mouse fibroblasts expressing a yeast proton pumping ATPase (PMA1) exhibit a transformed phenotype and are tumorigenic. These cells do maintain a higher pHin, supporting the idea that elevated pHin may act as a proliferative trigger. Here we show that cells constitutively expressing PMA1 have higher levels of the AP-1 transcription factor. The use of stable transfectants and transient transfection assays show that PMA1 activity induces transactivation of the c-fos promoter. The activation of the promoter is mediated throughout the serum response element (SRE). The use of protein kinase C inhibitors suggests that AP-1 activation is achieved through a pathway independent of protein kinase C.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We investigated the ultrastructural localization of annexin V a Ca2+-dependent phospholipid- and membrane-binding protein in the nervous system, heart, and skeletal muscles. The results indicate that in the cerebellum the protein is restricted to glial cells, where it is found diffusely in the cytoplasm as well as associated with plasma membranes. Bergmann glial cell bodies and processes and astrocytes in the cerebellar cortex and oligodendrocytes in the cerebellar white matter displayed an intense immune reaction product. In sciatic nerves, the protein was exclusively found in Schwann cells with a subcellular localization similar to that seen in glial cells in the cerebellum. Pituicytes in the neurohypophysis were intensely immunostained, whereas axons were not. In the heart, annexin V was restricted to the sarcolemma, transverse tubules, and intercalated discs. In skeletal muscles the protein was localized to the sarcolemma and transverse tubules. No evidence for the presence of the protein in the sarcoplasm or in association with mitochondria, the sarcoplasmic reticulum, or contractile elements was obtained. The observation that plasma membranes in cells expressing annexin V have the protein associated with them is in agreement with previous data on Ca2+-dependent binding of the protein to brain and heart membranes, and on existence of both EGTA- and Triton X-100-extractable and resistant fractions of annexin V in these membranes. The present data support the hypothesis that annexin V might be involved in membrane trafficking and suggest a role for this protein in the regulation of cytoplasmic activities in glial cells. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The role of intracellular pH (pHin) in the regulation of cell growth in both normal and transformed cells is a topic of considerable controversy. In an effort to study this relationship NIH 3T3 cells were stably transfected with the gene for the yeast H+-ATPase, constitutively elevating their pHin. The resulting cell line, RN1a, has a transformed phenotype: The cells are serum independent for growth, clone in soft agar, and form tumors in nude mice. In the present study, we further characterize this system in order to understand how transfection with this proton pump leads to serum-independent growth, using defined media to investigate the effects of specific growth factors on the transfected and parental NIH 3T3 cells. While both cell lines show similar growth increases in response to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB and epidermal growth factor (EGF), they respond differently to insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and PDGF-AA. RN1a cells exhibit increased growth at nanomolar concentrations of insulin but the parental cells had only a relatively minor response to insulin at 10 μM. Both cell lines showed some response to IGF-I in the nanomolar range but the response of RN1a cells was much larger. Differences in insulin and IGF-I receptor number alone could not explain these results. The two cell lines also respond differently to PDGF-AA. RN1a cells are relatively insensitive to stimulation by PDGF-AA and express fewer PDGF α receptors as shown by Northern blots and receptor-binding studies. We propose a unifying hypothesis in which the H+-ATPase activates a downstream element in the PDGF-AA signal transduction pathway that complements insulin and IGF-I signals, while leading to downregulation of the PDGF α receptor. © 1994 wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 7 (1991), S. 1-14 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; cell cycle ; budding ; spore germination ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Cloning and sequencing of RCS1, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene whose product seems to be involved in timing the budding event of the cell cycle, is described. A haploid strain in which the 3′-terminal region of the chromosomal copy of the gene has been disrupted produces cells that are, on average, twice the size of cells of the parental strain. The critical size for budding in the mutant is similarly increased, and the disruption mutation is dominant in a diploid heterozygous for the RCS1 gene. Spores from this diploid have a reduced ability to germinate, the effect being more pronounced in the spores carrying the disrupted copy of RCS1. However, disrupted cells recover from α-factor treatment equally as well as wild-type cells.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 541-549 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: cytoskeleton ; endocytosis ; yeast maltose transporter ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Certain components of the cytoskeleton play a role in yeast fluid-phase endocytosis as well as in endocytosis of the α-factor when this pheromone is bound to its 7-transmembrane segment receptor. The yeast maltose transporter is a 12-transmembrane segment protein that, under certain physiological conditions, is degraded in the vacuole after internalization by endocytosis. In this work, the possible role of the cytoskeleton in endocytosis of this transporter has been investigated. Using mutants defective in β-tubulin, actin and the actin-binding proteins Sac6 and Abp85, as well as nocodazole, which inhibits formation of microtubules, we have shown that actin microfilaments are involved in endocytosis of the maltose transporter whereas microtubules are not.© 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: AFT1 ; transcriptional factor ; iron uptake ; phosphorylation ; respiratory growth ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: High-affinity iron uptake in Saccharomyces cerevisiae involves the extracytoplasmic reduction of ferric ions by FRE1 and FRE2 reductases. Ferrous ions are then transported across the plasma membrane through the FET3 oxidase-FTR1 permease complex. Expression of the high-affinity iron uptake genes is induced upon iron deprivation. We demonstrate that AFT1 is differentially involved in such regulation. Aft1 protein is required for maintaining detectable non-induced levels of FET3 expression and for induction of FRE2 in iron starvation conditions. On the contrary, FRE1 mRNA induction is normal in the absence of Aft1, although the existence of AFT1 point mutations causing constitutive expression of FRE1 (Yamaguchi-Iwai et al., EMBO J. 14: 1231-1239, 1995) indicates that Aft1 may also participate in FRE1 expression in a dispensable way. The alterations in the basal levels of expression of the high-affinity iron uptake genes may explain why the AFT1 mutant is unable to grow on respirable carbon sources. Overexpression of AFT1 leads to growth arrest at the G1 stage of the cell cycle. Aft1 is a transcriptional activator that would be part of the different transcriptional complexes interacting with the promoter of the high-affinity iron uptake genes. Aft1 displays phosphorylation modifications depending on the growth stage of the cells, and it might link induction of genes for iron uptake to other metabolically dominant requirements for cell growth. © John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 8 (1992), S. 107-115 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Yeast ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; glycolysis ; hexokinase ; phosphofructokinase ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The enzymatic steps involved in the inhibition of glycolysis by 2-deoxygalactose in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been investigated. Yeast, incubated with 2-deoxygalactose, accumulates up to 8 mM-2-deoxygalactose, 30 mM-2-deoxygalactose-1-phosphate and 0·25 mM-UDP-2-deoxygalactose and UDP-2-dexyglucose. An inverse correlation between 2-deoxygalactose-1-phosphate content and rate of glycolysis has been observed. The intracellular concentration of glycolytic intermediates and related metabolites point to the hexokinase and phosphofructokinase steps as the targets for the inhibition of glycolysis by 2-deoxygalactose and rule out all other mechanisms that have been proposed to explain this inhibition.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 1393-1398 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: glucose transport ; hexose diffusion ; sugar transport ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: It has been claimed that the low-affinity component of glucose transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is due to passive diffusion of the sugar across the plasma membrane. We have investigated this possibility. For this purpose we have measured the permeability coefficient of hexoses in this organism. We have found that this coefficient is at least two to three orders of magnitude lower than required to account for the low-affinity component of glucose transport, and have concluded that this component is not due to passive diffusion.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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