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  • Articles  (50)
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  • Oryza sativa  (50)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (50)
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  • Articles  (50)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil organic matter and the indigenous nitrogen supply of intensive irrigated rice systems in the tropics (1996)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 182 (1996), S. 267-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: anaerobic soil ; flooded soils ; intensive cropping ; long term experiments ; lowland rice ; nitrogen mineralization ; nitrogen uptake ; on-farm research ; organic carbon ; organic matter ; Oryza sativa ; plant nitrogen ; soil nitrogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Soil organic matter (SOM) has been proposed as an index of N supply in paddy soils although field validations are few. We evaluated the relationship between the indigenous N supply (N i ) of the soil-floodwater system and soil organic carbon (SOC) or total N (N t ) in surface soil of long-term fertility experiments (LTFEs) at 11 sites, in 42 farmer's fiels with similar soil type, and in the same field in ten consecutive rice (Oryza sativa L.) crops. The N i was estimated by crop N uptake from plots without applied N (N o plots) under otherwise favorable growth conditions. There was a tight linear correlation between yields and N uptake in N o plots and tremendous variation in both parameters among LTFE sites, farmer's fields, and in the same field over time. Correlation between N i and SOC or N t explained little of this variation. Factors likely to contribute to the poor correlation were: (1) inputs of N from sources other than N mineralization of SOM in surface soil, (2) degree of congruence between soil N supply and crop demand, which is sensitive to soil drying, length of fallow, crop rotation, and residue management, and (3) differences in SOM quality related to intensive cropping in submerged soil. Better understanding of the processes governing the N i of tropical lowland rice systems would contribute to the development of crop management practices that optimize utilization of indigenous N resources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029058
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyamines, indole-3-acetic acid and abscisic acid in rice phloem sap (1994)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 15 (1994), S. 125-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: rice ; Oryza sativa ; phloem sap ; polyamine ; abscisic acid ; auxin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Putrescine, spermidine, spermine and cadaverine have been identified and quantified in rice phloem sap and shoot extracts by HPLC. It is suggested that diamines, putrescine and cadaverine, easily migrate into the phloem, while movement of a triamine, spermidine, and a tetramine, spermine, tend to be restricted. Spermine especially seems to be the most immobile among polyamines. Thus it is indicated that movement of polyamines into phloem is decreased with increasing number of amino groups. Indole-3-acetic acid and abscisic acid in rice phloem sap were also analyzed by HPLC and it is suggested that indole-3-acetic acid is transported freely into phloem, while abscisic acid is much more actively exuded into phloem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024101
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytological observations in some hybrids between the rice species Oryza sativa L. and O. glaberrima Steud. (1985)
    Springer
    Euphytica 34 (1985), S. 75-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; Oryza glaberrima ; African rice ; interspecific hybrids ; hybrid sterility ; male sterility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Several hybrids between Oryza sativa and O. glaberrima and their backcrosses with O. sativa were studied. Their seed sterility was very different; large differences were also observed in the level of pollen sterility and in the earliness of microspore failure. The proportion of aborted embryo sacs was much lower than the rate of sterile male gametophytes. The backcross populations were much more sterile than the corresponding F1 hybrids. On the base of our observations and according to the literature, we may conclude that genic unbalance is the main cause of sterility of these hybrids, but that physiological factors may also be involved. Thus a restoration of fertility is generally possible by selection. On the other hand, male-sterile lines could be bred from some of these hybrids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022865
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of selection indices to screen lowland rice for drought resistance (1990)
    Springer
    Euphytica 48 (1990), S. 253-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; drought resistance ; screening methods ; water stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Although many selection indices have been used to screen rices (Oryza sativa L.) for drought resistance, there has been little comparison of the relative merits of these indices. Research was conducted to compare drought resistance as estimated from grain yields, canopy-temperature-based stress indices, visual scoring, and uprooting force for 30 rice genotypes grown in the field with a puddled Maahas clay (Typic Tropaquept) and to evaluate traits related to drought resistance from nonstressed plants grown in the field and in aeroponic culture. Water deficit was imposed in the field by withholding irrigation from 45 to 75 days after transplanting compared to a continuously flooded control. Grain yields in the stress treatment were most strongly correlated with visual assessment of drought stress symptoms according to a standard evaluation system (r = 0.66). Canopy-temperature-based indices were also significantly correlated with grain yields of the stress treatment (r from −0.55 to −0.63). No trait of aeroponically grown plants was correlated with traits of stressed plants in the field. We conclude that visual scoring of stressed plants was the best method of screening for drought resistance, but if controlled water deficit cannot be imposed, then drought resistance may be estimated by measuring both uprooting force and grain yield.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023658
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of salt tolerant rice breeding line via doubled haploid (1996)
    Springer
    Euphytica 91 (1996), S. 285-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: anther culture ; breeding ; doubled haploids ; Oryza sativa ; rice ; salt tolerant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A haploid breeding program was initiated to develop doubled haploid salt tolerant rice breeding line via anther culture. Two sensitive breeding lines BR4608-R1-R2 and BR4909-R1-R2 were crossed with a salt tolerant line IR13146-13-3-3 to transfer its salt tolerant character to the doubled haploids. Anther from confirmed F1s of the two crosses were cultured in defined medium for callus induction and eventual plant regeneration. Fifteen doubled haploid (DH) lines were obtained from two crosses. Test for salt tolerance were done in vitro. Five out of 15 lines were found tolerant at the level of 8–10 decisiemens/m (ds/m) while the rests were sensitive to that level of salinity. Field experiment was conducted to evaluate the doubled haploids under saline and non saline soil. Five salt tolerant lines produced comparable yield with the resistant control (BR 23) under saline condition, whereas these lines yielded even higher in non saline soil under irrigated condition when evaluated with other 10 sensitive DH lines
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033089
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Green manure technology: Potential, usage, and limitations. A case study for lowland rice (1995)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 174 (1995), S. 181-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: green manure ; lowland rice ; nitrogen fertilizer ; nitrogen fixation ; Oryza sativa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The growing concern about the sustainability of tropical agricultural systems stands in striking contrast to a world-wide decline in the use of soil-improving legumes. It is timely to assess the future role that soil-improving legumes may play in agricultural systems. This paper reviews recent progress, potential, and limitations of green manure technology, using lowland rice cropping systems as the example. Only a few legume species are currently used as green manures in lowland rice. Sesbania cannabina is the most widely used pre-rice green manure for rice in the humid tropics of Africa and Asia. Astragalus sinicus is the prototype post-rice green manure species for the cool tropics. Stem-nodulating S. rostrata has been most prominent in recent research. Many green manure legumes show a high N accumulation (80–100 kg N ha-1 in 45–60 days of growth) of which the major portion (about 80%) is derived from biological N2 fixation. The average amounts of N accumulated by green manures can entirely substitute for mineral fertilizer N at current average application rates. With similar N use efficiencies, green manure N is less prone to loss mechanisms than mineral N fertilizers and may therefore contribute to long-term residual effects on soil productivity. Despite a high N2-fixing potential and positive effects on soil physical and chemical parameters, the use of green manure legumes for lowland rice production has declined dramatically world-wide over the last 30 years. Land scarcity due to increasing demographic pressure and a relatively low price of urea N are probably the main determining factors for the long-term reduction in pre-rice green manure use. Post-rice green manures were largely substituted for by high-yielding early-maturing grain legumes. Unreliability of green manure performance, non-availability of seeds, and labor intensive operations are the major agronomic constraints. The recognition and extrapolation of niches where green manures have a comparative advantage may improve an often unfavorable economic comparison of green manure with cash crop or fertilizer N. Socio-economic factors like the cost of land, labor, and mineral N fertilizer are seen to determine the cost-effectiveness and thereby farmers' adoption of sustainable pre-rice green manure technology. Hydrology and soil texture determine the agronomic competitiveness of a green manure with N fertilizers and with alternative cash crops. In general, the niches for pre-rice green manure are characterized by a relatively short time span available for green manure growth and a soil moisture regime that is unfavorable for cash crops (flood-prone rainfed lowlands with coarse-textured soils). Given the numerous agronomic and socio-economic constraints, green manure use is not seen to become a relevant feature of favourable rice-growing environments in the foreseeable future. However, in environments where soil properties and hydrology are marginal for food crop production, but which farmers may be compelled to cultivate in order to meet their subsistence food requirements, green manures may have a realistic and applicable potential.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00032246
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm suitable for direct sowing under flooded soil surface (1993)
    Springer
    Euphytica 67 (1993), S. 177-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: direct sowing ; flooded soil ; germplasm ; Oryza sativa ; rice ; seedling establishment ; seedling growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Screening for rice germplasm which can establish seedling from flooded soil was conducted using 256 accessions of conserved germplasm from the International Rice Germplasm Center (IRGC) and 404 accessions from the International Network for Genetic Evaluation for Rice (INGER), IRRI. IRGC germplasm represented broad genetic diversity while INGER germplasm involved desirable agronomic characters. Seeds germinated for 2 d were planted at 25 mm depth in seedling trays. The trays were then submerged to a depth of 30–50 mm. Seedling establishment was evaluated by analyzing leaf development, seedling height, and percentage establishment 15 d after planting. Eight percent and 2% of IRGC and INGER germplasm, respectively, were identified statistically as superior to the control semidwarf IR varieties. Among the superior germplasm were those from Northeast India and Bangladesh which were adapted to deepwater and early summer rainfed lowland cultures. These could be utilized as parents in breeding programs which aim to develop varieties suitable for direct seeding technology (i.e., germinated seeds are sown under the surface of flooded soil).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00040619
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pollen tube growth in crosses between Porteresia coarctata and Oryza sativa (1993)
    Springer
    Euphytica 69 (1993), S. 129-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Porteresia coarctata ; Oryza sativa ; rice ; intergeneric cross ; fluorescent microscopy ; pollen tube ; callose ; postzygotic barrier
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Comparative study with fluorescence microscopy revealed that the pollen tubes of the self-pollinated rice variety BR-9 reached the ovary within 75 min after pollination. In P. coarctata it took 150 min. In the cross between P. coarctata and BR-9, pollen tubes reached the ovary in 165 min but seed setting was not observed. In the cross between BR-9 and P. coarctata, small and deformed pollen tubes were formed and they failed to grow through the stylodium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021736
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic analysis of mesocotyl length and its relationship with other agronomic characters in rice (Oryza sativa L.) (1993)
    Springer
    Euphytica 72 (1993), S. 189-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: mesocotyl ; diallel cross ; rice ; Oryza sativa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Mesocotyl length is an important character in promoting seedling emergence of direct-seeded rice. Genetic analysis of rice mesocotyl length was conducted using a six parent diallel cross. Generation mean analysis was carried out on parents (P), F1, F2 and backcrosses (B) of three crosses to complement the genetic information from the diallel analysis. Both analyses demonstrated the presence of significant additive and dominance effects. Duplicate type of non-allelic interaction was detected by the generation mean analysis and two crosses showed significant negative dominance gene effect. Dominance was partial and the narrow sense heritability estimate for mesocotyl length was high, indicating the preponderance of the additive effects. Mesocotyl length was negatively but weakly correlated with the coleoptile length and length of the second internode L2. There was no correlation between mesocotyl length and other mature plant characters such as plant height and internode lengths L1, (L1 being the peduncle with subsequent internodes to the base of the plant). Selection for mesocotyl length can therefore be carried out independent of these plant characters and semidwarf rice varieties with long mesocotyl can be developed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00034157
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fallow residue management effects on upland rice in three agroecological zones of West Africa (2000)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 31 (2000), S. 501-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Fallow ; Legumes ; Nitrogen fixation ; Oryza sativa ; Côte d'Ivoire
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  Improving fallow quality in upland rice-fallow rotations in West Africa through the site-specific use of leguminous cover crops has been shown to sustain the productivity of such systems. We studied the effects of a range of residue management practices (removal, burning, mulching and incorporation) on fallow biomass and N accumulation, on weed biomass and yield response of upland rice and on changes in soil physical and chemical characteristics in 2-year field trials conducted in three agroecological zones of Côte d'Ivoire. Across fallow management treatments and agroecological zones, rice yields were on average 20–30% higher in legume than in natural fallow plots. Weed biomass was highest in the savanna zone and lowest in the bimodal forest and tended to be less following a legume fallow. Regardless of the type of fallow vegetation and agroecological zone, biomass removal resulted in the lowest rice yields that varied from 0.5 t ha–1 in the derived savanna zone to 1.5 t ha–1 in the Guinea savanna zone. Burning of the fallow vegetation significantly increased yield over residue removal in the derived savanna (0.27 t ha–1, P〈0.05) and bimodal forest zones (0.27 t ha–1, P〈0.01), but not in the Guinea savanna. In both savanna environments, residue incorporation was superior to the farmers' practice of residue removal and rice yield increases were related to amounts of fallow N returned to the soil (r 2=0.803, P〈0.01). In the forest zone, the farmers' practice of residue burning produced the highest yield (1.43 t ha-1 in the case of legumes) and resulted in the lowest weed biomass (0.02 t ha–1). Regardless of the site, improving the quality of the fallow or of its management had no significant effects on either soil physical or soil chemical characteristics after two fallow cycles. We conclude that incorporation of legume residues is a desirable practice for rice-based fallow rotation systems in savanna environments. No promising residue management alternatives to slash-and-burn were apparent for the forest zone. Determining the possible effects on soil productivity will require longer-term experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740000199
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