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  • Chemistry  (1)
  • Multiple-reflection cell  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Shock waves 4 (1994), S. 51-53 
    ISSN: 1432-2153
    Keywords: Chemical kinetics ; Detection sensitivity ; Multiple-reflection cell ; UV absorption spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The improvement of the detection limit in optical concentration measurements by means of multiple-reflection cells (MRC) has become a well established method in absorption spectroscopy. To apply such an experimental method to shock tubes, several technical problems have to be solved. The use of special optical cells showing mechanical ruggedness is required. In this report we present such a MRC designed for a cylindrical shock tube with an inner diameter of 100 mm. By means of 8 mirrors (optical coated stainless steel) the absorption length has been increased by almost one order of magnitude (863 mm) while the optical path is kept in one plane. The use of fixed flat mirrors provides a very high mechanical stability, which facilitates the application to shock tubes. The first experimental results with this MRC were obtained by measuring the thermal decomposition of O3 behind incident shock waves using an UV laser beam. A direct comparison to the signals simultaneously detected by the use of the conventional absorption length (i.e. the tube diameter of 100 mm) documents the suitability of this MRC for applications in chemical kinetics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 1851-1869 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Based on the experimental investigations with H. polymorpha and Methylomonas M 15 in bench-scale airlift tower-loop reactors, a general distributed parameter model was developed and used to simulate to cultivation process in a 40-m-high production reactor. This general model was simplified with regard to the gas phase and loop balances and was employed to optimize cell productivity and/or profit in a 20-m-high pilot-plant airlift tower-loop reactor. Maximum cell productivity always occurs in the oxygen-transfer-limited growth range. In case of a high “penalty factor” for nonconsumed substrate, maximum profit is attained at the boundary between substrate and oxygen-transfer-limited growth. Oxygen-transfer limitation exists in the lower half of the tower, whereas in the upper half, substrate limitation prevails. The longitudinal dissolved oxygen concentration passes a minimum in this case as has been determined experimentally in the bench-scale column. The simulation results agree fairly well with the data measured in the pilot plant.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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