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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2008-08-22
    Description: The oxylipin pathway generates not only prostaglandin-like jasmonates but also green leaf volatiles (GLVs), which confer characteristic aromas to fruits and vegetables. Although allene oxide synthase (AOS) and hydroperoxide lyase are atypical cytochrome P450 family members involved in the synthesis of jasmonates and GLVs, respectively, it is unknown how these enzymes rearrange their hydroperoxide substrates into different products. Here we present the crystal structures of Arabidopsis thaliana AOS, free and in complex with substrate or intermediate analogues. The structures reveal an unusual active site poised to control the reactivity of an epoxyallylic radical and its cation by means of interactions with an aromatic pi-system. Replacing the amino acid involved in these steps by a non-polar residue markedly reduces AOS activity and, unexpectedly, is both necessary and sufficient for converting AOS into a GLV biosynthetic enzyme. Furthermore, by combining our structural data with bioinformatic and biochemical analyses, we have discovered previously unknown hydroperoxide lyase in plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, AOS in coral, and epoxyalcohol synthase in amphioxus. These results indicate that oxylipin biosynthetic genes were present in the last common ancestor of plants and animals, but were subsequently lost in all metazoan lineages except Placozoa, Cnidaria and Cephalochordata.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, Dong-Sun -- Nioche, Pierre -- Hamberg, Mats -- Raman, C S -- R01 AI054444/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Sep 18;455(7211):363-8. doi: 10.1038/nature07307. Epub 2008 Aug 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18716621" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arabidopsis/enzymology/genetics ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/chemistry/metabolism ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Intramolecular Oxidoreductases/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Models, Chemical ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oxylipins/*metabolism ; Point Mutation/genetics ; Protein Conformation
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2009-12-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Raman, Malavika -- Harper, J Wade -- R01 AG011085/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM070565/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Dec 3;462(7273):585-6. doi: 10.1038/462585a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19956252" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Biology ; Cyclin E/metabolism ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/*physiology ; Ubiquitin-Activating Enzymes/metabolism ; Ubiquitination/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2010-02-06
    Description: Conventional protein structure determination from nuclear magnetic resonance data relies heavily on side-chain proton-to-proton distances. The necessary side-chain resonance assignment, however, is labor intensive and prone to error. Here we show that structures can be accurately determined without nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) information on the side chains for proteins up to 25 kilodaltons by incorporating backbone chemical shifts, residual dipolar couplings, and amide proton distances into the Rosetta protein structure modeling methodology. These data, which are too sparse for conventional methods, serve only to guide conformational search toward the lowest-energy conformations in the folding landscape; the details of the computed models are determined by the physical chemistry implicit in the Rosetta all-atom energy function. The new method is not hindered by the deuteration required to suppress nuclear relaxation processes for proteins greater than 15 kilodaltons and should enable routine NMR structure determination for larger proteins.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2909653/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2909653/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Raman, Srivatsan -- Lange, Oliver F -- Rossi, Paolo -- Tyka, Michael -- Wang, Xu -- Aramini, James -- Liu, Gaohua -- Ramelot, Theresa A -- Eletsky, Alexander -- Szyperski, Thomas -- Kennedy, Michael A -- Prestegard, James -- Montelione, Gaetano T -- Baker, David -- GM76222/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41 GM103390/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM092802/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM095693/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RR005351/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM074958/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM074958-05/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Feb 19;327(5968):1014-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1183649. Epub 2010 Feb 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20133520" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Computer Simulation ; Models, Molecular ; Monte Carlo Method ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular/*methods ; *Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Proteins/*chemistry ; Software ; Thermodynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2004-10-09
    Description: Nitric oxide (NO) is extremely toxic to Clostridium botulinum, but its molecular targets are unknown. Here, we identify a heme protein sensor (SONO) that displays femtomolar affinity for NO. The crystal structure of the SONO heme domain reveals a previously undescribed fold and a strategically placed tyrosine residue that modulates heme-nitrosyl coordination. Furthermore, the domain architecture of a SONO ortholog cloned from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii indicates that NO signaling through cyclic guanosine monophosphate arose before the origin of multicellular eukaryotes. Our findings have broad implications for understanding bacterial responses to NO, as well as for the activation of mammalian NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nioche, Pierre -- Berka, Vladimir -- Vipond, Julia -- Minton, Nigel -- Tsai, Ah-Lim -- Raman, C S -- AY343540/PHS HHS/ -- R01 AI054444/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI054444-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 26;306(5701):1550-3. Epub 2004 Oct 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Structural Biology Research Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15472039" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aerobiosis ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Biological Evolution ; Carrier Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Chemotaxis ; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; Clostridium botulinum/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy ; Escherichia coli/genetics/growth & development ; Guanylate Cyclase ; Heme/chemistry/metabolism ; Hemeproteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nitric Oxide/*metabolism ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protoporphyrins/analysis/metabolism ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/chemistry/metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Signal Transduction ; Static Electricity ; Thermoanaerobacter/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2012-10-09
    Description: Statistical analysis of protein evolution suggests a design for natural proteins in which sparse networks of coevolving amino acids (termed sectors) comprise the essence of three-dimensional structure and function. However, proteins are also subject to pressures deriving from the dynamics of the evolutionary process itself--the ability to tolerate mutation and to be adaptive to changing selection pressures. To understand the relationship of the sector architecture to these properties, we developed a high-throughput quantitative method for a comprehensive single-mutation study in which every position is substituted individually to every other amino acid. Using a PDZ domain (PSD95(pdz3)) model system, we show that sector positions are functionally sensitive to mutation, whereas non-sector positions are more tolerant to substitution. In addition, we find that adaptation to a new binding specificity initiates exclusively through variation within sector residues. A combination of just two sector mutations located near and away from the ligand-binding site suffices to switch the binding specificity of PSD95(pdz3) quantitatively towards a class-switching ligand. The localization of functional constraint and adaptive variation within the sector has important implications for understanding and engineering proteins.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3991786/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3991786/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McLaughlin, Richard N Jr -- Poelwijk, Frank J -- Raman, Arjun -- Gosal, Walraj S -- Ranganathan, Rama -- R01 EY018720/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01EY018720-05/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Nov 1;491(7422):138-42. doi: 10.1038/nature11500. Epub 2012 Oct 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Green Center for Systems Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9050, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23041932" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological/genetics/physiology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; *Amino Acid Substitution ; Binding Sites/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutant Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Mutation ; PDZ Domains/*genetics/*physiology ; Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2009-07-04
    Description: Recent reports of mild to severe influenza-like illness in humans caused by a novel swine-origin 2009 A(H1N1) influenza virus underscore the need to better understand the pathogenesis and transmission of these viruses in mammals. In this study, selected 2009 A(H1N1) influenza isolates were assessed for their ability to cause disease in mice and ferrets and compared with a contemporary seasonal H1N1 virus for their ability to transmit to naive ferrets through respiratory droplets. In contrast to seasonal influenza H1N1 virus, 2009 A(H1N1) influenza viruses caused increased morbidity, replicated to higher titers in lung tissue, and were recovered from the intestinal tract of intranasally inoculated ferrets. The 2009 A(H1N1) influenza viruses exhibited less efficient respiratory droplet transmission in ferrets in comparison with the highly transmissible phenotype of a seasonal H1N1 virus. Transmission of the 2009 A(H1N1) influenza viruses was further corroborated by characterizing the binding specificity of the viral hemagglutinin to the sialylated glycan receptors (in the human host) by use of dose-dependent direct receptor-binding and human lung tissue-binding assays.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2953552/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2953552/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maines, Taronna R -- Jayaraman, Akila -- Belser, Jessica A -- Wadford, Debra A -- Pappas, Claudia -- Zeng, Hui -- Gustin, Kortney M -- Pearce, Melissa B -- Viswanathan, Karthik -- Shriver, Zachary H -- Raman, Rahul -- Cox, Nancy J -- Sasisekharan, Ram -- Katz, Jacqueline M -- Tumpey, Terrence M -- GM 57073/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM057073/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM057073-09/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM057073/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM062116/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM062116-09/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM62116/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 24;325(5939):484-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1177238. Epub 2009 Jul 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19574347" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Ferrets ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/*pathogenicity ; Influenza, Human/transmission/*virology ; Intestines/virology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Models, Molecular ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/*transmission/*virology ; Protein Binding ; Receptors, Virus/metabolism ; Respiratory System/virology ; Swine ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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