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  • 1
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    Terrestrial superrotation - A bifurcation of the general circulation (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: When sufficiently large zonally asymmetric tropical heating is introduced in a two-level model of global atmospheric flow, its general circulation becomes strongly superrotating. The nature of the superrotating solutions is studied by examining momentum and heat budgets for a range of values of thermal forcing. Changes in the transport of zonal momentum by transient eddies appear to play the key role in the transition to superrotation. The dramatic bifurcation of the solutions of this model may help explain the maintenance and variability of the zonal mean flow in the tropics.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences (ISSN 0022-4928); 49; 16, A; 1541-155
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  • 2
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    Response of the GLA fourth order model to changes in horizontal resolution and terrain heights (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The effects the selection of the orographic data for the boundary conditions has on results of simulations with the NASA-Goddard Laboratory for Atmospherics fourth order GCM were examined. Two different lower boundary conditions were compared in generating preliminary weather forecasts: mean areally averaged heights, and an enhanced significant height orography for rugged terrain. The latter condition was developed to emphasize the effects the tallest peaks in a given region have on the atmospheric flow by considering only the highest 1/3 of the 1 deg x 1 deg values in the averaging process. Simulations were carried out for five 10 day forecasts with a 4 deg lat x 5 deg long resolution and six with a horizontal grid resolution of 2 deg lat by 2.5 deg long, three with each boundary condition. The rms errors of the sea level pressure and the 500 mb geopotential heights were calculated. The mean errors decreased after the second or third day with the enhanced significant height orography.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
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  • 3
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    Geostrophic adjustment in a baroclinic atmosphere (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The classical geostrophic adjustment problem is reexamined in a baroclinically unstable atmosphere. After the geostrophic balance is disturbed by either adding mass or momentum to the atmosphere, the resulting evolution of the mass and momentum fields is found by using Laplace and Fourier transforms. In general, the results from classical geostrophic theory hold in the baroclinically unstable atmosphere. Although the most unstable modes eventually dominate, in certain situations the perturbations may actually decay before they begin to grow. This may be a key mechanism which explains a portion of the spinup problem commonly encountered in numerical models.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences (ISSN 0022-4928); 47; 457-473
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  • 4
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    The Impact of Scatterometer Data on Limited-Area Model Predictions of the QE 2 Storm (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-09
    Description: Experiments were conducted to assess the impact of SEASAT-A scatterometer (SASS) data on high resolution model predictions of the QE2 storm and to explore different approaches for utilizing SASS data. For all of the experiments, the model used is the limited-area model with a horizontal resolution of 100 km.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Res. Rev., 1983; p 8-9
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  • 5
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    Orographic Effects in Atmospheric Circulation (1984)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2014-09-16
    Description: The role of orography on the large-scale and regional atmospheric circulation, with special emphasis on lee cyclogenesis was studied. Effects observed in the actual atmosphere as well as numerical weather prediction and general circulation models are included.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Global Scale Atmospheric Processes Res. Program Review; p 11
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  • 6
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    A split explicit reformulation of the regional numerical weather prediction model of the Japan Meteorological Agency (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The split explicit integration scheme for numerical weather prediction models is employed in a version of the regional numerical weather prediction model of the Japan Meteorological Agency. The finite-difference scheme of the model is designed in the manner proposed by Okamura (1975). The horizontal advection terms in the governing equations are integrated with a time step limited by the wind speed while the terms which describe inertial-gravity oscillations are integrated in a succession of shorter time steps. The physical processes included within the model are precipitation, small-scale convection, surface exchanges of sensible and latent heat, and radiative heating and cooling. An example of a surface pressure forecast over Europe is shown for initial data observed at 0000 GMT 29 December 1979. Quantitative precipitation forecasts over Europe and North America for the 24 h period beginning at 0000 GMT 30 December 1979 are also shown. It is concluded that the model is capable of realistically depicting the evolution of synoptic-scale systems.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Monthly Weather Review; 109; May 1981
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  • 7
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    SASS wind forecast impact studies using the GLAS and NEPRF systems: Preliminary conclusions (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: For this project, a version of the GLAS Analysis/Forecast System was developed that includes an objective dealiasing scheme as an integral part of the analysis cycle. With this system the (100 sq km) binned SASS wind data generated by S. Peteherych of AER, Canada corresponding of the period 0000 GMT 7 September 1978 to 1200 GMT 13 September 1978 was objectively dealiased. The dealiased wind fields have been requested and received by JPL, NMC and the British Meteorological Office. The first 3.5 days of objectively dealiased fields were subjectively enhanced on the McIDAS system. Approximately 20% of the wind directions were modified, and of these, about 70% were changed by less than 90 deg. Two SASS forecast impact studies, were performed using the dealiased fields, with the GLAS and the NEPRF (Navy Environmental Prediction Research Facility) analysis/forecast systems.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Res. Rev., 1983; p 14-20
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  • 8
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    The impact of Seasat scatterometer winds on the Navy's operational model (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The question of whether Seasat scatterometer wind data can have a positive impact on an operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) model is examined. Comparisons are made between assimilations and forecasts made with the Navy's operational forecast and analysis system (NOGAPS) when Seasat data are included or excluded. S1 scores and rms differences show that Seasat data had a negligible effect on NWP forecasts made from the Navy's model in both the northern and the southern hemisphere. A global subjective analysis of all of the forecasts shows similar results.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 89; 7238-724
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  • 9
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    The utilization of Seasat-A data in numerical weather prediction (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The present paper provides the results from several numerical experiments which have been conducted in cases in which SASS (Seasat-A Satellite Scatterometer) winds were either included or excluded. Global scale experiments are discussed along with a regional area model. The regional model is essentially that described by Duffy (1981). A description of the initial conditions used in the regional model experiment is also provided. It is found that Seasat-A data can be important in defining the initial conditions which results in rapid maritime cyclogenesis. Currently conducted work is concerned with the development of a higher horizontal and vertical resolution global model, with an improved planetary boundary layer parameterization.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Conference on Satellite/Remote Sensing and Applications; Jun 25, 1984 - Jun 29, 1984; Clearwater Beach, FL
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  • 10
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    A technique for representinbg three-dimensional vertical circulation in baroclinic disturbances (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: A method is presented for producing three-dimensional representations of vertical circulations in frontal zones in cases where the circulations are not confined to the cross-front vertical plane. Various approaches for representing vertical circulations are reviewed. The numerical aspects of the channel-model simulation are summarized. A vector streamfunction, the psi vector, that describes the vertical velocity and the horizontal irrotational flow, is defined. The technique for determining the psi vector for a channel geometry is outlined. Results are presented from applying the psi vector method to four frontal systems in an f-plane primitive equation channel model of a finite-amplitude baroclinic wave.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Monthly Weather Review (ISSN 0027-0644); 117; 2463-249
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