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  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (7)
  • Immobilization  (4)
  • 1990-1994  (11)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous limonin degradation by immobilized Rhodococcus fascians cells in K-carrageenan (1994)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 41 (1994), S. 487-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Keywords: Key words Limonin ; Debittering ; Immobilization ; Rhodococcus fascians ; Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Limonin can be effectively degraded by Rhodococcus fascians cells. These bacteria can be entrapped in κ-carrageenan, and used in a continuous stirred tank reactor to degrade limonin in a continuous process. The effects of temperature, limonin concentration, dilution rate, and aeration on the reactor behaviour have been tested, and the results correlated with changes in limonin conversion, substrate degradation rate, and free and immobilized biomass. Results showed that the immobilized cells were able to debitter limonin-containing media and the immobilized biomass was quite stable throughout the operational conditions tested. A population of free biomass was present in the reactor, the quantity of which was dependent on dilution rate. The immobilized bacteria increased its limonin-degrading capability when the substrate concentration was increased. The aeration was not strictly necessary for limonin degradation. Additionally, the immobilized cells were active and stable for more than 2 months of continuous operation, and were able to recover their limonin-degrading capability when used intermittently. Finally, none of the main components of a juice was noticeably altered during limonin degradation, so the reactor response was good enough to consider its application.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01982541
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth and production characteristics of permeabilized Coleus blumei cells in immobilized fed-batch culture (1994)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 13 (1994), S. 459-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Coleus blumei ; Rosmarinic acid ; Immobilization ; DMSO ; Luffa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Permeabilized Coleus blumei cells were cultivated in an immobilized state to study the effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) concentrations and growth regulators on cell growth and rosmarinic acid (RA) production characteristics. Luffa (the fibrous skeleton of mature fruit of Luffa cylindrica) was a good support matrix for cell immobilization because of its high void volume. Maximum cell loading capacity was 1.33 g dry cell weight (DCW)/g dry Luffa. The experiments were done in shake flasks with no free medium. The medium was supplied in a fed-batch mode to avoid the flotation of Luffa pieces. The sucrose in the medium was completely hydrolyzed to glucose and fructose without any sugar accumulation in the medium. The cell viability was slightly higher in the cells on top of the Luffa than those in the middle. Cell growth rate and rosmarinic acid (RA) production were approximately half that obtained in cell suspension cultures. Cell yield (g DCW/g glucose) was similar to that of cell suspension cultures. The absence of growth regulators did not promote an increase of RA production but did decrease the cell mass. The second step preconditioning with 0.5% DMSO did not improve the cell's adaptability to higher DMSO concentrations and the cell mass did not increase with 2.5% DMSO.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231967
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous limonin degradation by immobilizedRhodococcus fascians cells in K-carrageenan (1994)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 41 (1994), S. 487-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Keywords: Limonin ; Debittering ; Immobilization ; Rhodococcus fascians ; Continuous Stirred Tank ; Reactor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Limonin can be effectively degraded byRhodococcus fascians cells. These bacteria can be entraped in κ-carrageenan, and used in a continuous stirred tank reactor to degrade limonin in a continuous process. The effects of temperature limonin concentration, dilution rate, and aeration on the reactor behaviour have been tested, and the results correlated with changes in limonin conversion, substrate degradation rate, and free and immobilized biomass. Results showed that the immobilized cells were able to debitter limonin-containing media and the immobilized biomass was quite stable throughout the operational conditions tested. A population of free biomass was present in the reactor, the quantity of which was dependent on dilution rate. The immobilized bacteria increased its limonin-degrading capability when the substrate concentration was increased. The aeration was not strictly necessary for limonin degradation. Additionally, the immobilized cells were active and stable for more than 2 months of continuous operation, and were able to recover their limonin-degrading capability when used intermittently. Finally, none of the main components of a juice was noticeably altered during limonin degradation, so the reactor response was good enough to consider its application.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01982541
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous limonin degradation by immobilizedRhodococcus fascians cells in K-carrageenan (1994)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 41 (1994), S. 487-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Keywords: Limonin ; Debittering ; Immobilization ; Rhodococcus fascians ; Continuous Stirred Tank ; Reactor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Limonin can be effectively degraded byRhodococcus fascians cells. These bacteria can be entraped in κ-carrageenan, and used in a continuous stirred tank reactor to degrade limonin in a continuous process. The effects of temperature limonin concentration, dilution rate, and aeration on the reactor behaviour have been tested, and the results correlated with changes in limonin conversion, substrate degradation rate, and free and immobilized biomass. Results showed that the immobilized cells were able to debitter limonin-containing media and the immobilized biomass was quite stable throughout the operational conditions tested. A population of free biomass was present in the reactor, the quantity of which was dependent on dilution rate. The immobilized bacteria increased its limonin-degrading capability when the substrate concentration was increased. The aeration was not strictly necessary for limonin degradation. Additionally, the immobilized cells were active and stable for more than 2 months of continuous operation, and were able to recover their limonin-degrading capability when used intermittently. Finally, none of the main components of a juice was noticeably altered during limonin degradation, so the reactor response was good enough to consider its application.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00939041
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  • 5
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    Apollo 12 ropy glasses revisited (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: We analyzed ropy glasses from Apollo 12 soils 12032 and 12033 by a variety of techniques including SEM/EDX, electron microprobe analysis, INAA, and Ar-39-Ar-40 age dating. The ropy glasses have potassium rare earth elements phosphorous (KREEP)-like compositions different from those of local Apollo 12 mare soils; it is likely that the ropy glasses are of exotic origin. Mixing calculations indicate that the ropy glasses formed from a liquid enriched in KREEP and that the ropy glass liquid also contained a significant amount of mare material. The presence of solar Ar and a trace of regolith-derived glass within the ropy glasses are evidence that the ropy glasses contain a small regolith component. Anorthosite and crystalline breccia (KREEP) clasts occur in some ropy glasses. We also found within these glasses clasts of felsite (fine-grained granitic fragments) very similar in texture and composition to the larger Apollo 12 felsites, which have a Ar-39-Ar-40 degassing age of 800 +/- 15 Ma. Measurements of 39-Ar-40-Ar in 12032 ropy glass indicate that it was degassed at the same time as the large felsite although the ropy glass was not completely degassed. The ropy glasses and felsites, therefore, probably came from the same source. Most early investigators suggested that the Apollo 12 ropy glasses were part of the ejecta deposited at the Apollo 12 site from the Copernicus impact. Our new data reinforce this model. If these ropy glasses are from Copernicus, they provide new clues to the nature of the target material at the Copernicus site, a part of the Moon that has not been sampled directly.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Meteoritics (ISSN 0026-1114); 29; 3; p. 323-333
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  • 6
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    Geochemistry of HASP, VLT, and other glasses from double drive tube 79001/2 (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The Apollo 17 double drive tube 79001/2 (station 9, Van Serg Crater) is distinctive because of its extreme maturity, abundance, and variety of glass clasts. It contains mare glasses of both high Ti and very low Ti (VLT) compositions, and highland glasses of all compositions common in lunar regolith samples: highland basalt (feldspathic; Al2O3 greater than 23 wt percent), KREEP (Al2O3 less than 23 wt percent, K2O greater than 0.25 wt percent), and low-K Fra Mauro (LKFM; Al2O3 less than 23 wt percent, K2O less than 0.25 wt percent). It also contains rare specimens of high-alumina, silica-poor (HASP), and ultra Mg glasses. HASP glasses contain insufficient SiO2 to permit the calculation of a standard norm, and are thought to be the product of volatilization during impact melting. They have been studied by electron microprobe major-element analysis techniques but have not previously been analyzed for trace elements. The samples analyzed for this study were polished grain mounts of the 90-160 micron fraction of four sieved samples from the 79001/2 core (depth range 2.3-11.5 cm). A total of 80 glasses were analyzed by SEM/EDS and electron microprobe, and a subset of 33 of the glasses, representing a wide range of compositional types, was chosen for high-sensitivity INAA. A microdrilling device removed disks (mostly 50-100 micron diameter, weighing approx. 0.1-0.5 micro-g) for INAA. Preliminary data reported here are based only on short counts done within two weeks of irradiation.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Science Inst., Workshop on Geology of the Apollo 17 Landing Site; p 29-31
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  • 7
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    Mn-Cr isotopic systematics of individual Chainpur chondrules (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-04-02
    Description: Twenty-eight chondrules separated from Chainpur (LL3.4) were surveyed for abundances of Mn, Cr, Na, Fe, Sc, Hf, Ir, and Zn by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA). Six, weighting 0.6-1.5 mg each, were chosen for Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)/Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) and high-precision Ce-isotopic studies. LL-chondrite-normalized (Mn/Fe)(sub LL) and (Sc/Fe)(sub LL) were found to be useful in categorizing them. Five chondrules (CH-16, -17, -18, -23, and -28) were in the range 0.5 less than (Mn/Fe)(sub LL) less than 1. 4 and 0.5 less than (Sc/Fe)(sub LL) less than 1.4. The sixth (CH-25) had (Mn/Fe)(sub LL) and (Sc/Fe)(sub LL) ratios of 0.40 and 8.1, respectively, and was enriched in the refractory lithophile elements Sc and Hf and the refractory siderophile element Ir by 2.7 and 4.4x LL abundances respectively. SEM/EDX of exterior surfaces of the chondrules showed they consisted of varying proportions of low- and high-Ca pyroxenes, olivine, glass, kamacite/taenite, and Fe-sulfides. Chromium-53/chromium-52 for the six chondrules and bulk Chainpur (WR) are presented. Chromium-54/chromium-52 is close to terrestrial and does not correlate with Mn/Cr. We provisionally ignore the possibility of initial Cr isotopic heterogeneities among the chondrules. Omitting both the CH-25 and WR data, a linear regression gives initial (Mn-53/Mn-55)(sub I) = 8 +/- 4 x 10(exp -6), corresponding to chondrule formation at Delta(t)(sub LEW) = -9 +/- 4 Ma prior to igneous crystallization of the LEW 86010 angrite. If initial (Mn-53/Mn-55)(sub 0) in the solar system were as high as approximately 4.4 x 10(exp -5) when Allende CAI formed, our data suggest Chainpur chondrules formed approximately 9 Ma later, in qualitative agreement with 'late' I-Xe formation ages for most Chainpur chondrules.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Meteoritics (ISSN 0026-1114); 29; 4; p. 512-513
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  • 8
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    Geochemistry and petrography of the MacAlpine Hills lunar meteorites (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: MacAlpine Hills 88104 and 88105, anorthositic lunar meteorites recovered form the same area in Antartica, are characterized. Petrographic studies show that MAC88104/5 is a polymict breccia dominated by impact melt clasts. It is better classified as a fragmental breccia than a regolith breccia. The bulk composition is ferroan and highly aluminous (Al2O3-28 percent).
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (ISSN 0016-7037); 55; 3089-310
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  • 9
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    New observations on the quartz monzodiorite-granite suite (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Five new fragments of quartz monzodiorite (QMD) were identified in particles from soil 15403, which was collected from the boulder sampled as rock 15405, an impact-melt breccia containing clasts of KREEP basalt, QMD, granite, and a more primitive alkali norite. Petrographic and geochemical studies of the fragments show considerable variation in modal proportions and bulk composition. This heterogeneity is due to unrepresentative sampling in small fragments of coarse-grained rocks. Variations in the proportions of accessory minerals have marked effects on incompatible-trace-element concentrations and ratios. Semiquantitative calculations support the derivation of QMD from 60-percent fractional crystallization of a KREEP basalt magma as suggested by Hess (1989). Apollo 15 KREEP basalt cannot be the actual parent magma because the evolved rocks predate volcanic KREEP basalts. It is suggested that ancient KREEP basalt magmas have crystallized as plutons, with alkali norite clasts offering the only direct evidence of this precursor.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science Conference; Mar 12, 1990 - Mar 16, 1990; Houston, TX; United States
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  • 10
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    Moessbauer spectra of olivine-rich achondrites - Evidence for preterrestrial redox reactions (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Moessbauer spectral measurements at 4.2 K were made on several ureilites and the two shergottites found in Antarctica, as well as two ureilite falls, three SNC meteorite falls, and two finds in order to distinguish products of preterrestrial redox reactions from phases formed during oxidative weathering on the earth. The spectra indicated that several ureilites contain major proportions of metallic iron, much of which resulted from preterrestrial carbon-induced reduction of ferrous iron in the outermost 10-100 microns of olivine grains in contact with carbonaceous material in the ureilites. The cryptocrystalline nature of these Fe inclusions in olivine renders the metal extremely vulnerable to aerial oxidation, even in ureilites collected as falls. It is inferred that the nanophase ferric oxides or oxyhydroxides identified in Brachina and Lafayette were produced by terrestrial weather of olivines before the meteorites were found. The absence of goethite in two olivine-bearing Antarctic shergottites suggests that the 2 percent ferric iron determined in their Moessbauer spectra also originated from oxidation on Mars.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science Conference; Mar 12, 1990 - Mar 16, 1990; Houston, TX; United States
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