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  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY  (5)
  • 78.30.Fs  (2)
  • Organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical properties of laser-processed In x Ga1−x As (1994)
    Springer
    Applied physics 59 (1994), S. 617-621 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 78.30.Fs ; 68.55.Nq ; 61.70.At
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Various spots in GaAs, In-diffused with the 1.064 μm line of pulsed Nd:YAG laser with several energy densities, have been characterized and compared with samples prepared by the conventional rapid thermal annealing method. Of the energy densities used, the spot processed with an energy density of 7 J/cm2 shows In x Ga1−x As phases with an indium concentration of 60% and below. An abrupt boundary in the indium concentration is observed at the edge of the laser-annealed spot. The diffusion depth is found to be less than 1000 Å. The spot processed with an energy density of 14 J/cm2 shows considerable damage from the irradiation resulting in strain in the lattice. The samples prepared by the thermal annealing method show similar results to the laser-diffused samples. However, these thermally annealed samples suffer from arsenic loss unlike the laser-processed samples. It can be concluded that laser-induced alloying of indium into GaAs can be achieved with less arsenic loss than the thermal annealing method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00331922
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Micro-Raman spectroscopy in polycrystalline CuInSe2 formation (1994)
    Springer
    Applied physics 58 (1994), S. 125-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 78.30.Fs ; 68.55Nq ; 81.15.Cd
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The crystalline formation of CuInSe2 thin films has been investigated using micro-Raman spectroscopy and AES composition analysis. It is confirmed that the Raman peaks are stongly dependent on the surface morphology and the Cu:In:Se ratio. In the films annealed at 315°C, crystalline grains larger than 2 μm show Raman peaks at 174 cm−1 and 258 cm−1. The In content is very low and the Cu:Se ratio is about 1:1 in these grains. The low In concentration is thought to be due to the formation of In2O3 on the surface. On the other hand, random structures of 1–2 μm grains found in films annealed at temperatures below 305°C show peaks at 174 cm−1 and 186 cm−1 instead of 258 cm−1 and have a Cu:In:Se ratio of 1:1:3–4. Thus the 186 cm−1 peak is thought to be related to a Cu, In-deficient phase when compared to stoichiometric CuInSe2. The optimum annealing condition was found by analyzing the Raman spectra and composition of different crystalline CuInSe2 grains. Films annealed under this condition exhibited a clear Raman peak at 174 cm−1 and consisted of clusters of crystals less than 1 μm in size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00332168
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sulfuric acid pretreatment for the simultaneous GC screening of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides in herbal essential oils (1998)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 47 (1998), S. 587-592 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides ; Herbal medicine ; Essential oils ; Sulfuric acid treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A rapid and new clean-up method utilizing sulfuric acid treatment is demonstrated to identify and quantify the level of organochlorine (OC) and organophosphorus (OP) pesticide residue concentrations in herbal essential oils by gas chromatography (GC). Essential oils fortified with pesticides, that are extracted from herbs by steam distillation are partitioned with 65% acetonitrile/water(v/v) and treated with sulfuric acid at different reaction times and sulfuric acid concentrations. Optimal conditions, to avoid interference from essential oils in gas chromatographic analysis, is 17% (v/v) of a mixed phase ratio of sulfuric acid to organic solvent (hexane/ethyl ether=9∶1, v/v) and a reaction time of 30s. The response of the flame ionization detector (FID) is linear for all pesticides determined. Recovery of pesticides from fortified herbs studied are in the range of 75% to 111% (RSD, 4% to 11%) for OC, and 72% to 116% (RSD, 2% to 11%) for OP. Although sulfuric acid treatment destroys carbamate and some organophosphorus pesticides, this method has efficiently reduced matrix interference and provides a rapid, economical clean-up method with excellent linear data having low coefficients of variation for the GC analyses of BHC isomers, DDD, DDE, DDT, chlorothalonil, chloropyrifos, tetradifon, fenitrothion, malathion, and parathion in matrices of herbal essential oils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02467500
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of multi-component pesticide residues in herbal medicines by GC-MS with electron impact ionization and with positive- and negative-ion chemical ionization (1999)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 49 (1999), S. 525-534 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; Organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides ; Herbal medicines ; Selective-ion monitoring
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Multicomponent pesticide residues in herbal medicines have been analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with electron impact (EI) ionization and positive- and negative-ion chemical ionization (PCI and NCI). Herbal medicines (5 g) were extracted with 65∶35 (%,v/v) acetonitrile-water, and partitioned with hexane-diethyl ether (1∶1) and hexane-dichloromethane (1∶1). The organic phase of the extracted fraction was cleaned on a Florisil column and analyzed by GC-MS with selected-ion monitoring (SIM). Method detection limits for 27 pesticides were tens of picograms for ECD, NPD and EI-SIM MS, and a few picograms for NCI-SIM MS. The calibration curve for the pesticide standard solution was linear within the range 0.003–30 pg for EI-SIM MS, PCI-SIM MS, and NCI-SIM MS. Mean recoveries of pesticides from spiked herbal medicines (0.75, 1.5, 3 pg) were 61–125% (RSD1–32%) for NCI-SIM MS and 74–121% (RSD 4–12%) for EI-SIM MS. Detection sensitivity and specificity of NCI-SIM MS were better than for ECD and NPD. Parallel use of EI-SIM MS, PCI-SIM MS and NCI-SIM MS was an excellent complementary method for identification and confirmation of multi-component pesticide residues in variety of herbal medicines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02467753
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  • 5
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    Analysis of far-infrared emission Fourier transform spectra (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: An analysis method that uses the nonlinear least-squares fit technique has been developed for emission spectra obtained with a Fourier transform spectrometer. This method is used for the analysis of submillimeter-region atmospheric emission spectra obtained with a balloon-borne FT spectrometer that was carried out as a correlative measurement for the Limb IR Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS) satellite experiment. The retrieved mixing ratios of H2O and O3 in the stratosphere from four spectral intervals have standard deviations of about 10 percent, and the average values agree to within 10 percent of corresponding results from the LIMS satellite experiment which used a broadband emission radiometer in the IR region.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics (ISSN 0003-6935); 25; 3490-350
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 236-237
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Analysis and application of Fourier transform spectroscopy in atmospheric remote sensing (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: An analysis method for Fourier transform spectroscopy is summarized with applications to various types of distortion in atmospheric absorption spectra. This analysis method includes the fast Fourier transform method for simulating the interferometric spectrum and the nonlinear least-squares method for retrieving the information from a measured spectrum. It is shown that spectral distortions can be simulated quite well and that the correct information can be retrieved from a distorted spectrum by this analysis technique.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics (ISSN 0003-6935); 23; 2604-261
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Analysis method for Fourier transform spectroscopy (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A fast Fourier transform technique is given for the simulation of those distortion effects in the instrument line shape of the interferometric spectrum that are due to errors in the measured interferogram. The technique is applied to analyses of atmospheric absorption spectra and laboratory spectra. It is shown that the nonlinear least squares method can retrieve the correct information from the distorted spectrum. Analyses of HF absorption spectra obtained in a laboratory and solar CO absorption spectra gathered by a balloon-borne interferometer indicate that the retrieved amount of absorbing gas is less than the correct value in most cases, if the interferogram distortion effects are not included in the analysis.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 22; Mar. 15
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) gas cell life test program (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) will use gas filter correlation radiometry to measure the atmospheric concentration profiles of HCl, HF, NO, and CH4 from the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite. The need to contain the gases for the gas filter measurements has resulted in the development of gas cells and the need for a life test program to demonstrate that the gas cells will perform their functions for extended periods (several years) of time. This report describes the tests in the life test program, the test apparatus used, and the analysis techniques developed. The report also presents data obtained during the first 14 months of the test program.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-TM-84640 , L-15581 , NAS 1.15:84640
    Format: application/pdf
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