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  • METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY  (60)
  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY  (51)
  • 1980-1984  (111)
  • 1982  (111)
  • 1
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    Tunable diode-laser heterodyne spectrometer for remote observations near 8 microns (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A diode-laser-based, ultrahigh resolution IR heterodyne spectrometer for laboratory and field use has been developed for operation between 7.5 and 8.5 microns. The local oscillator is a PbSe tunable diode laser kept continuously at operating temperatures of 12-60 K using a closed-cycle cooler. The laser output frequency is controlled and stabilized using a high-precision diode current supply, constant temperature controller, and a shock isolator mounted between the refrigerator cold tip and the diode mount. The system largely employs reflecting optics to minimize losses from internal reflection and absorption and to eliminate chromatic effects. Spectral analysis of the diode-laser output between 0 and 1 GHz reveals excess noise at many diode current settings, which limits the IR spectral regions over which useful heterodyne operation can be achieved. Observations have been made of atmospheric N2O, O3, and CH4 between 1170 and 1200/cm, using both a single-frequency swept IF channel and a 64-channel RF spectral line receiver with a total IF coverage of 1600 MHz.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 21; Jan. 15
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Tunable diode laser heterodyne spectrometer for remote observations near 8 microns (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Infrared heterodyne spectroscopy is a passive technique employing coherent optical detection for the study of spectral features in remote sources. It employs optical components such as mirrors and lenses normally associated with incoherent optics, but because of it's coherent nature, it offers the advantages of ultrahigh spectral resolving power, high frequency precision, and diffraction limited field-of-view. Attention is given to the development of an ultrahigh resolution diode laser heterodyne spectrometer for observational and laboratory use. The instrument is designed for operation in the spectral range from 7.5 to 8.5 microns. A PbSe tuneable diode laser (TDL) is employed as local oscillator. A closed-cycle cooler is employed to keep the oscillator at operating temperatures in the range from 12 to 60 K. Attention is given to factors determining the TDL heterodyne sensitivity, the spectrometer design, and a survey of 8 micron observations, SiO could be detected in the sunspot spectrum.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Instrumentation in astronomy IV; Fourth Conference; Mar 08, 1982 - Mar 10, 1982; Tucson, AZ
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Doppler radar echoes of lightning and precipitation at vertical incidence (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Digital time series data at 16 heights within two storms were collected at vertical incidence with a 10-cm Doppler radar. On several occasions during data collection, lightning echoes were observed as increased reflectivity on an oscilloscope display. Simultaneously, lightning signals from nearby electric field change antennas were recorded on an analog recorder together with the radar echoes. Reflectivity, mean velocity, and Doppler spectra were examined by means of time series analysis for times during and after lightning discharges. Spectra from locations where lightning occurred show peaks, due to the motion of the lightning channel at the air speed. These peaks are considerably narrower than the ones due to precipitation. Besides indicating the vertical air velocity that can then be used to estimate hydrometeor-size distribution, the lightning spectra provide a convenient means to estimate the radar cross section of the channel. Subsequent to one discharge, we deduce that a rapid change in the orientation of hydrometeors occurred within the resolution volume.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 87; Aug. 20
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  • 4
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    Wind structure and small-scale wind variability in the stratosphere and mesosphere during the November 1980 Energy Budget Campaign (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Rocket observations made from two sites in northern Scandinavia between November 6 and December 1, 1980, as part of the Energy Budget Campaign are discussed. It was found that significant vertical and temporal changes in the wind structure were present and that they coincided with different geomagnetic conditions, that is, quiet and enhanced. Before November 16, the meridional wind component above 60 km was found to be positive (southerly), whereas the magnitude of the zonal wind component increased with altitude. After November 16 the meridional component became negative (northerly), and the magnitude of the zonal wind component was observed to decrease with altitude. Time sections of the perturbations of the zonal wind reveal the presence of vertically propagating waves, suggesting gravity wave activity. The waves are found to increase in wavelength from 3-4 km near 40 km to more than 12 km near 80 km. The observational techniques made use of chaff foil, chemical trails, inflatable spheres, and parachutes.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: (ISSN 0273-1177)
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    The useful potential of using existing data to uniquely identify predictable wind events and regimes, part 1 (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Correlations between standard meteorological data and wind power generation potential were developed. Combined with appropriate wind forecasts, these correlations can be useful to load dispatchers to supplement conventional energy sources. Hourly wind data were analyzed for four sites, each exhibiting a unique physiography. These sites are Amarillo, Texas; Ludington, Michigan; Montauk Point, New York; and San Gorgonio, California. Synoptic weather maps and tables are presented to illustrate various wind 'regimes' at these sites.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Large Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbines; p 357-374
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    The free radical chemistry of cloud droplets and its impact upon the composition of rain (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Calculations are presented that simulate the free radical chemistries of the gas phase and aqueous phase within a warm cloud during midday. It is demonstrated that in the presence of midday solar fluxes, the heterogeneous scavenging of OH and HO2 from the gas phase by cloud droplets can represent a major source of free radicals to cloud water, provided the accommodation or sticking coefficient for these species impinging upon water droplets is not less than 0.0001. The aqueous-phase of HO2 radicals are found to be converted to H2O2 by aqueous-phase chemical reactions at a rate that suggests that this mechanism could produce a significant fraction of the H2O2 found in cloud droplets. The rapid oxidation of sulfur species dissolved in cloudwater by this free-radical-produced H2O2 as well as by aqueous-phase OH radicals could conceivably have a significant impact upon the chemical composition of rain.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 87; June 20
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    A digital optical torquemeter for high rotational speed applications (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A digital optical torquemeter system designed for applications at high rotational speeds was fabricated and tested for zero stability at speeds up to 20,000 rpm. Data obtained in a spin rig and with simulated inputs demonstrate that the system is capable of measuring torque bar twist to within 0.03 degrees at speeds of 30,000 rpm. The optical system uses fiber optic bundles to transmit light to the torque bar and to silicon avalanche detectors. The system is microcomputer based and provides measurements of average torque and torque as a function of angular shaft position. The torquemeter requires no bearings or other contact between the rotating torque bar and the nonrotating optics, and tolerates movement of the torque bar as large as 1 mm relative to the optics.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-TM-82914 , E-1189 , NAS 1.15:82914
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Instrument manual for the retarding ion mass spectrometer on Dynamics Explorer-1 (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The retarding ion mass spectrometer (RIMS) for Dynamics Explorer-1 is an instrument designed to measure the details of the thermal plasma distribution. It combines the ion temperature determining capability of the retarding potential analyzer with the compositional capabilities of the mass spectrometer and adds multiple sensor heads to sample all directions relative to the spacecraft ram direction. This manual provides a functional description of the RIMS, the instrument calibration, and a description of the commands which can be stored in the instrument logic to control its operation.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-TM-82484 , NAS 1.15:82484
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    Effects of diabatic heating on the ageostrophic circulation of an upper tropospheric jet streak (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Interaction between the mass circulation within a mesoscale convective complex (MCC) and a direct mass circulation in the entrance region of an upper tropospheric polar jet streak was examined within the isentropic structure to investigate mechanisms responsible for linking these two scales of motion. The results establish that latent heating in the MCC modifies the direct mass circulation in the jet streak entrance region through the diabatically induced components of ageostrophic motion analyzed within isentropic coordinates. Within the strong mesoscale mass circulation of each MCC, strong horizontal mass flux convergence into the MCC at low levels is balanced by strong horizontal mass flux divergence away from the convergence at upper levels. Locations of large diabatic heating rates correspond well to the MCC position for each case; diabatic heating forces the upward vertical branch for the mesoscale mass circulation.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-3497 , M-369
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  • 10
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    The obstacle block as a device to measure turbulent skin friction in compressible flow (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The obstacle block, developed as an alternative to the Preston tube for indirectly measuring skin friction on smooth surfaces in incompressible flows, is examined as a device for compressible flows as well. The block, which is congruent with a surface static pressure orifice, has a geometry which is easily specified and thus has a universal calibration. Data from two independent studies are used to establish such a calibration using 'wall' variables, valid for Mach numbers up to about 3. Various aspects concerning practical application of the device are examined, such as sensitivity to yaw and the minimum permissible axial spacing between blocks. Several examples showing the utility of the device are given.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: AIAA PAPER 82-0589 , In: Aerodynamic Testing Conference; Mar 22, 1982 - Mar 24, 1982; Williamsburg, VA
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