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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2009-02-04
    Description: Sorghum, an African grass related to sugar cane and maize, is grown for food, feed, fibre and fuel. We present an initial analysis of the approximately 730-megabase Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench genome, placing approximately 98% of genes in their chromosomal context using whole-genome shotgun sequence validated by genetic, physical and syntenic information. Genetic recombination is largely confined to about one-third of the sorghum genome with gene order and density similar to those of rice. Retrotransposon accumulation in recombinationally recalcitrant heterochromatin explains the approximately 75% larger genome size of sorghum compared with rice. Although gene and repetitive DNA distributions have been preserved since palaeopolyploidization approximately 70 million years ago, most duplicated gene sets lost one member before the sorghum-rice divergence. Concerted evolution makes one duplicated chromosomal segment appear to be only a few million years old. About 24% of genes are grass-specific and 7% are sorghum-specific. Recent gene and microRNA duplications may contribute to sorghum's drought tolerance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Paterson, Andrew H -- Bowers, John E -- Bruggmann, Remy -- Dubchak, Inna -- Grimwood, Jane -- Gundlach, Heidrun -- Haberer, Georg -- Hellsten, Uffe -- Mitros, Therese -- Poliakov, Alexander -- Schmutz, Jeremy -- Spannagl, Manuel -- Tang, Haibao -- Wang, Xiyin -- Wicker, Thomas -- Bharti, Arvind K -- Chapman, Jarrod -- Feltus, F Alex -- Gowik, Udo -- Grigoriev, Igor V -- Lyons, Eric -- Maher, Christopher A -- Martis, Mihaela -- Narechania, Apurva -- Otillar, Robert P -- Penning, Bryan W -- Salamov, Asaf A -- Wang, Yu -- Zhang, Lifang -- Carpita, Nicholas C -- Freeling, Michael -- Gingle, Alan R -- Hash, C Thomas -- Keller, Beat -- Klein, Patricia -- Kresovich, Stephen -- McCann, Maureen C -- Ming, Ray -- Peterson, Daniel G -- Mehboob-ur-Rahman -- Ware, Doreen -- Westhoff, Peter -- Mayer, Klaus F X -- Messing, Joachim -- Rokhsar, Daniel S -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jan 29;457(7229):551-6. doi: 10.1038/nature07723.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA. paterson@uga.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19189423" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/genetics ; Chromosomes, Plant/genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Duplication ; Genes, Plant ; Genome, Plant/*genetics ; Oryza/genetics ; Poaceae/*genetics ; Populus/genetics ; Recombination, Genetic/genetics ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Deletion/genetics ; Sorghum/*genetics ; Zea mays/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2009-08-08
    Description: Flowering time is a complex trait that controls adaptation of plants to their local environment in the outcrossing species Zea mays (maize). We dissected variation for flowering time with a set of 5000 recombinant inbred lines (maize Nested Association Mapping population, NAM). Nearly a million plants were assayed in eight environments but showed no evidence for any single large-effect quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Instead, we identified evidence for numerous small-effect QTLs shared among families; however, allelic effects differ across founder lines. We identified no individual QTLs at which allelic effects are determined by geographic origin or large effects for epistasis or environmental interactions. Thus, a simple additive model accurately predicts flowering time for maize, in contrast to the genetic architecture observed in the selfing plant species rice and Arabidopsis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buckler, Edward S -- Holland, James B -- Bradbury, Peter J -- Acharya, Charlotte B -- Brown, Patrick J -- Browne, Chris -- Ersoz, Elhan -- Flint-Garcia, Sherry -- Garcia, Arturo -- Glaubitz, Jeffrey C -- Goodman, Major M -- Harjes, Carlos -- Guill, Kate -- Kroon, Dallas E -- Larsson, Sara -- Lepak, Nicholas K -- Li, Huihui -- Mitchell, Sharon E -- Pressoir, Gael -- Peiffer, Jason A -- Rosas, Marco Oropeza -- Rocheford, Torbert R -- Romay, M Cinta -- Romero, Susan -- Salvo, Stella -- Sanchez Villeda, Hector -- da Silva, H Sofia -- Sun, Qi -- Tian, Feng -- Upadyayula, Narasimham -- Ware, Doreen -- Yates, Heather -- Yu, Jianming -- Zhang, Zhiwu -- Kresovich, Stephen -- McMullen, Michael D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 7;325(5941):714-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1174276.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), USA. esb33@cornell.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19661422" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Plant/genetics ; Epistasis, Genetic ; Flowers/*genetics/growth & development ; Gene Frequency ; Genes, Plant ; Genetic Variation ; Geography ; Inbreeding ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; *Quantitative Trait Loci ; Quantitative Trait, Heritable ; Recombination, Genetic ; Time Factors ; Zea mays/*genetics/growth & development/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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