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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (22)
  • General Chemistry  (3)
  • molecular dynamics  (2)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Keywords: crystal structure ; cyclodextrins ; dansyl derivatives ; fluorescent sensors ; self-inclusion ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A monofunctionalized β-cyclodextrin containing a dansyl moiety, 6- deoxy- 6 - N - ( N′- (5- dimethylamino - 1 - naphthalenesulfonyl)diaminoethane) - β-cyclodextrin (CD-en-DNS, 2), was synthesized and its crystal structure determined. It was shown that the dansyl group is fully encapsulated within the cyclodextrin cavity, with the dimethylamino and sulfonyl groups emerging from opposite sides. The shape of the cavity is considerably flattened, since O(4)-O(4) distances parallel to the naphtalene ring were found to be longer than the others. The conformation of the diaminoethane linker was found to be determined by the inclusion of the dansyl group and by a hydrogen bond between the sulfonamide NH and one of the O(6)-H groups on the cyclodextrin rim. The self-inclusion features of the aromatic moiety were found to be consistent with the solution data: 1H NMR ROESY spectra suggested that the orientation of the dansyl moiety observed in the solid state was retained in aqueous solution; the circular dichroism spectrum was consistent with an axial complexation model. Fluorescence spectra showed that the inclusion of the dansyl group in the cyclodextrin cavity considerably increases the quantum yield: time-resolved fluorescence experiments showed the presence of a long-lifetime component (16.1 ns), which was attributed to the included fluorophore. The ability of 2 to act as a fluorescence sensor was evaluated by the addition of several guests of different shape: fluorescence intensity was lowered, especially upon addition of adamantanecarboxylic acid. All the data obtained were consistent with the model of the in-out movement of the dansyl group from the self-included conformation observed in the solid state to a position more exposed to the bulk solvent. Copper(II) was shown to enhance the difference in the fluorescence of 2 in the presence of guests by additional static quenching.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Cyclodextrins ; Inclusion compounds ; Carcinine ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---A new modified β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) derivative 1 that was functionalized in position 6 with Boc-Carcinine was synthesised and its crystal structure was determined. The structure reveals a “sleeping swan”-like shape, the covalently bonded Boc-Carcinine moiety forming a folded structure with the Boc group inserted within the hydrophobic cavity of the β-cyclodextrin. The conformation of the Carcinine moiety is determined by the inclusion of the Boc group and is further stabilised by three intramolecular hydrogen bonds, two between the amide N1-H group, the carbonyl C′1=O1 group and a primary hydroxylic group of the glucose unit 5, one between the carbonyl C′0=O0 group and the primary hydroxylic group of the glucose unit 2. The β-CD macrocycle differs only slightly from unmodified β-CDs, maintaining an approximate sevenfold symmetry. The solution structure of the new β-CD derivative was investigated by NMR spectroscopy and circular dichroism (c.d.) spectroscopy. In addition to a complete (1H and 13C) assignment of the pendant Boc-Carcinine group, the NMR study allowed the assignment of all the proton resonances associated with the β-CD macrocycle. Furthermore, NMR and c.d. results indicated that the self-inclusion of the Boc group within the β-CD cavity is retained in aqueous solution. In order to estimate the strength of this self-inclusion complex a series of competition experiments with the external guest 1-adamantanol was carried out using c.d. spectroscopy.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1075-2617
    Keywords: Cα,α-disubstituted amino acids ; crystal structure ; molecular dynamics ; conformation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The crystal structures of three fully protected tripeptides containing the Dφg residue (Cα,α-diphenylglycine) in the central position are reported, namely Z-Gly-Dφg-Gly-OMe (a), Z-Gly-Dφg-Aib-OMe (b) and Z-Aib-Dφg-Aib-OMe (c). The molecular conformations are quite unusual because the Dφg residue adopts a folded conformation in the 310-helical region when the following residue adopts a folded conformation of opposite handedness (peptidesbandc). In contrast, the Dφg residue adopts the more frequently observed fully extended conformation when the following residue adopts a semi-extended conformation (peptidea). These findings are in agreement with the theoretical calculations on Ac-Dφg-Aib-NHCH3 and Ac-Aib-Dφg-NHCH3 also reported in this work. © 1998 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Receptor selectivity ; Agonist activity ; Distance geometry ; Conformation ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: To identify the peptide conformation that is preferentially recognized by the receptor, we have synthetized by solid-phase method a series of deltorphin I analogs with increasing selectivity for δ- and μ-opioid receptor. Structure-selectivity relationship of these peptides were evaluated on the basis of receptor-binding properties and conformational features, computed by two-dimensional NMR spectra and distance-geometry techniques. These compounds in solution are present with a large number of conformers with no defined secondary structural elements. The analysis of the average properties of these compounds indicate the presence of some distinct conformational preferences that can be related to the observed opioid receptor selectivities. Selectivity for the δ- and μ-opioid receptors can be ascribed to the spatial arrangement of the aromatic moieties. In addition, substitutions in position 2 and 4 are important for the correct arrangement and must be taken into account in the design of δ-opioid receptor-selective ligands.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The solid state conformational analysis of the ionophoric homodetic bicyclic cyclo(Glu-Leu-Pro-Gly-Lys-Leu-Pro-Gly)cyclo(1γ-5∊)Gly (BCP3) has been carried out by x-ray diffraction. It crystallizes with 4.5 molecules of water per peptide molecule in the monoclinic system, space group P21, with a = 11.425 Å, b = 16.616 Å, c = 13.931 Å, β = 109.24°, and Z = 2. The structure has been determined by direct methods and refined to an R factor of 0.061 for 2448 observed reflections. The structure characterized by all trans peptide bonds is stabilized by three intramolecular hydrogen bonds: a type II β-turn, a mixed type I-type III β-turn, and a pseudo γ-turn, which involves the side chain C=O and the main-chain N—H groups of the Glu1 residue. The resulting globular molecule presents a rather hydrophilic surface with most of the C=O groups available to hydration of the solvent molecules, which are linked through hydrogen bonds of the N—H … O or O—H … O types in a complicated H-bonding scheme. The conformation observed in the solid state is rather different from the conformation proposed in solution for both the free and the Ca2+-complexed BCP3 molecule.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 30 (1990), S. 197-204 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The role of the β-turns in the peptide interaction with several cations was investigated. In this work we report the solution studies of four linear peptides: Z-Aib-Aib-Aib-L-Val-OMe, Boc-D-alle-L-Ile-D-alle-L-Ile-OMe, Boc-L-Leu-L-Leu-L-Leu-L-Leu-OMe, and Boc-L-Phe-B-Phe-L-Phe-D-Phe-OMe.CD and 1H-nmr spectra reveal the presence of multiple ion-bounding equilibria. The stoichiometry and binding constant of the four peptide in the presence of Ca2+ ions in acetonitrile solution has been determined.Variable-temperature nmr spectra in the absence and in thepresence of a large excess of cation have shown that the complexation process is not critically dependent on the conformation of the peptide.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: CD and nmr techniques have been used to study, in acetonitrile solution, the ion-complexing capability of Cyclolinopeptide A (CLA), a cyclic nonapeptide of sequence \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ cyclo{\rm - }\left({{\rm Pro - Pro - Phe - Phe - Leu - Ile - Ile - Leu - Val}} \right) $$\end{document} endowed with remarkable cytoprotective ability in vitro, and the conformation of the Ba2+/ CLA complex.At room temperature, CLA in acetonitrile shows a proton nmr spectrum characteristic of the coexistence of many different conformers in intermediate exchange. The backbone contains a cis Pro-Pro bond, with all other peptide bonds in the transconformation.CLA binds Ba2+ more tightly than the other cations studied, namely K+, Na+, Mg2+, and Ca2+; CD data are indicative of the presence of both 1 : 2 (sandwich) and 1 : 1 (equimolar) type complexes, depending on the Ba2+ ion concentration, whereas nmr data are consistent with an equimolar form.The relevant conformational features of the equimolar Ba2+/CLA complex are that the backbone contains all transpeptide bonds, a type I 6 → 3 β-turn and a 3 → 1 γ-turn (or a distorted 3 → 9 β-turn). The global shape of the complexed peptide can be described as a bowl, with the concave (polar) side hosting Ba2+ and the convex side predominantly apolar.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The fully blocked pentapeptide Tfa-(Deg)2-L-Abu-(Deg)2-OtBu (Tfa:triflouroacetyl; Deg: Cα,α-diethylglycine; OtBu: tert-butoxy) adopts in the crystal state a regular, right-handed 310-helical structure stabilized by three N — H … O = C intramolecular 1 ← 4 (or C10) H bonds, as determined by an x-ray diffraction analysis. However, a Fourier transform ir absorption and 1H-nmr study strongly supports the view that in deuterochloroform solution the four Deg residues at both termini of the peptide main chain are involved in successive, fully extended C5 forms. A comparison with the stable, fully developed, multiple C5 conformation of Tfa-(Deg)5-OtBu indicates that incorporation of an Abu guest residue, interrupting the side-chain uniformity of the host (Deg)5 homopeptide, while altering only marginally the conformation in a solvent of low polarity, is responsible for a dramatic perturbation of the crystal-state structure. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A single-crystal x-ray diffraction analysis of Boc-L-Ala-D-aIle-L-Ile-OMe has been carried out. The analysis has shown (a) that the tripeptide molecules have in part an α-extended conformation, the torsion angles of the L-Ala and D-aIle residues being ϕ1 = -75.1° and ψ1 = -25.8° and ϕ2 = 67.3° and ψ2 = 44.1°, respectively, and (b) that the molecules are organized in rippled planes where they occur in relative antiparallel orientation linked together side by side by H bonds. This molecular organization of the tripeptide corresponds closely to that of an antiparallel α-pleated sheet, and likely constitutes the first example of a structure of this kind for which a characterization at the atomic level has been achieved. A molecular dynamics study has shown that the molecular conformation of the tripeptide in the crystalline state is determined primarily by intermolecular interactions. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The x-ray diffraction analyses of three N- and C-terminally blocked L, D dipeptides, namely t-Boc-D-Leu-L-Leu-OMe (1), t-Boc-L-Ile-D-alle-OMe (2), and t-Boc-D-aIle-L-Ile-OMe (3) containing enantiomeric or diastereomeric amino acid residues have been carried out. The structures were determined by direct methods and refined anisotropically to final R factors of 0.077. 0.058. and 0.072 for (1) (2) and (3), respectively.Peptides 1-3 all assume a similar U-shaped structure with φ and ψ torsion angles cosrresponding to one of the possible calculated minimum energy regions (regions E and G for L residues, and F*. D* and H* for D residues). The peptide backbones of 1-3 are almost super-imposable [provided that the appropriate inversion of the chiral centers of (2) is made].Side-chain conformations of Leu residues in peptide (1) are g- (tg-) for the L-Leu residue and the mirrored g+ (tg+) for the D-Leu residue; however, in peptides (2) and (3) the conformations of the isoconfiguralional side chains of the Ile or allo-Ile residues are (g-t) t and (tg+) tfor the L-Ile and the D-allo-Ile moieties, respectively. In all cases, these conformations correspond to the more populated conformers of β-branched residues statistically found in crystal structures of small peptides.The results seem to indicate that, at least in short peptides with enantiomeric or diastereoisomeric residues, the change in chirality in the main-chain atoms perturbs the backbone conformation to a lesser extent and the side chain conformation to a greater extent. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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