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  • 1
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Carbon dioxide fixation ; Magnesium ; N ligands ; C-C coupling ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of oxalic amidines R1-N=C(NHR2)-C(NHR2)=N-R1 with CH3MgX followed by uptake of CO2 results in the formation of the trimeric carbamato complexes [R1-N=C(NR2-COO)-C(NR2COO)=N-R1]3Mg3(THF)6 (2a: R1 = R2 = Ph; 2b: R1 = R2 = p-tolyl) as the thermodynamically stable final products of the reaction. Their X-ray crystal structures show that the three metal centres are in a linear arrangement. The central magnesium ion is octahedrally surrounded by six O-donor atoms of the μ2-carbamato bridges, while both peripheral magnesium ions are facially coordinated by three O-donor atoms of the carbamato groups and three THF molecules. This coordination sphere can be considered as a structural model for the active centre in the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase enzyme. Compound 2a reacts with ZnCl2 or CoBr2, with CO2 elimination, to form dimeric complexes of the type [X2M(oxalamidinato)MX2][Mg(DMF)6] (M = Zn, Co; X = Cl, Br). X-ray crystal structure analyses show that the d-metals are tetrahedrally coordinated. The magnesium-bromide-containing intermediates in the formation of 2a and 2b are able to transfer CO2 to acetophenone, thus simulating the CO2 activation step in enzymatic biotin-dependent carboxylation reactions.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 5-Ring-Cycloamidines - Deeply Coloured Heterocycles with Unusual Properties. I. Synthesis and Spectral FeaturesThe cycloacylation reaction of benzamidines with bis-imidoylchlorides 1 derived from oxalic acid was investigated. For example, treatment of benzamidine with 1 gives the new 4H-imidazoles (3a-l) in yields up to 92%. Because of rapid H-transfer processes in solution, the NMR-spectra of 3a-l show only a single signal set. Apart from prototropism, 3c shows interesting properties as an amphoteric heterocycle. The protonation of 3c is accompanied by a change of color from orange to blue. Probably, protonation takes place on the exocyclic imino nitrogen to give a cyanine type chromophor. The resulting cation can also be regarded as an antiaromatic 1,3-diazacyclopentadienylium system. In order to investigate the influence of exocyclic substituents at nitrogen on the UV/VIS absorption, compounds 3d-h were synthesized. Whereas electron withdrawing groups cause hypsochromic shifts of the first UV/VIS absorption band, the dimethylamino group shifts this band bathochromically as exemplified by 3e. This novel cycloamidine shows strong acidochromism with bathochromic shifts of more than Δλmax = 150 nm.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 337 (1995), S. 143-152 
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: On the Aminolysis of Bis-Imidoylchlorides of Oxalic Acid. Part I. Reaction with Aromatic and Aliphatic AminesThe reaction between bis-imidoylchlorides 2 derived from oxalic acid and several aromatic and aliphatic amines was investigated. While primary aromatic amines need a thermical activation by refluxing, primary aliphatic amines give mainly at room temperature the amidines 3 in moderatly up to good yields.Proceeding from enantiomeric pure amines e.g. (R)- or (S)-1-phenethylamine the new homochiral oxalic amidines 3y and 3z with C2-symmetry were obtained. Several secondary amines react with the bis-imidoylchloride 2a to give via intramolecular cycloacylation derivatives of isatine. The new synthesized amidines 3 perform systems with a strong molecular dynamic like prototropie and E/Z-interconversion. All new compounds described were characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopic methods.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 339 (1997), S. 735-741 
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 5-Ring-Cycloamidines - Deeply Colored Heterocycles with Unusual Properties. II. Molecular- and Electronic StructureThe crystal and molecular structure of two N,N′-aryl-5-amino-imidazole-4-imides were detected by X-ray analysis. The structural parameters are discussed in conjunction with theoretical data obtained by density functional and ab initio quantum theory. The interpretation of the molecular structures derived from the X-ray diffraction study is made more difficult by statistic disorder or by enclosure of water in the crystal. The theory predicts a planar 5-amino-imidazole-4-imide parent structure with an energy barrier to H-transfer of about 25 kcal/mol (DFT RB3LYP/6-311+G** and ab initio G2(MP2) calculations). The CC bond of the five-membered ring is exceedingly long. CC-bond length elongation is also reported for oxalbisamidine. The structure of the parent compound is discussed in terms of polymethinic and antiaromatic substructures. Weinholds's Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) scheme and Natural Resonance Theory (NRT) as well as Schleyer's criterion of the Nucleus Independent Chemical Shift (NICS) is consulted to reveal the very nature of the unique bond system.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1995 (1995), S. 199-201 
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Macrocyclic lactams ; Oxalamides ; Atropisomeric diamines ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An Unexpected Reaction between Oxalyl Chloride and Atropisomeric DiaminesChiral diamines like (S)-1,1′-binaphthalene-2,2′-diamine (3a) were acylated by oxalyl chloride to yield mainly a macrocyclic lactame 5, whereas the eight-membered oxamide 4 was formed only in small quantity.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Keywords: carbon dioxide activation ; homogeneous catalysis ; ligand effects ; molecular modeling ; rhodium ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The complexes [(P2)Rh(hfacac)] 1 [P2 = R2P-(X)-PR2] are introduced as model compounds for the investigation of the intrinsic steric properties of the [(P2)Rh] fragment. The ligand exchange processes that occur during the syntheses of 1 from [(cod)Rh(hfacac)] and the appropriate chelating diphosphanes 3 were studied by variable-temperature multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. The molecular structures of eight examples of 1 with systematic structural variations in 3 were determined by X-ray crystallography. The steric repulsion of the PR2 groups within the chelating fragment was found to significantly influence the coordination geometry of [(P2)Rh], depending on the nature and length of the backbone (X). A linear correlation between the P-Rh-P angles in the solid state and the 103Rh chemical shifts reveals a similar geometric situation in solution. A unique molecular modeling approach was developed to define the accessible molecular surface (AMS) of the rhodium center within the flexible [(P2)Rh] fragment. The potential of this model for application in homogeneous catalysis was exemplified by the use of 1 as catalysts in a test reaction, the hydrogenation of CO2 to formic acid. Complexes 1 were found to be the most active catalyst precursors for this process in organic solvents known to date.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Cyclopentadienyl-Analoga ; Heterodienkomplexe ; Komplexe mit Stickstoffliganden ; Lanthanoidverbindungen ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Oxalic amidines ; Lithium diamides ; Tetraaminoethenes ; Nitrogen heterocycles ; Reduction ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reduction of the 1,4-diaza-1,3-butadiene substructure of hexasubstituted amidines 1 with lithium metal yields the dilithium diamides 2. Subsequent reactions of these with various electrophiles give the title substances 3, 4 and 5. The quenching reaction of 2 with organosilicon derivatives leads to open-chain 3b as well as to cyclic tetraaminoethenes 4a,b. Treatment of 2 with methanol gives 3a which in the presence of oxygen is reoxidized to the starting amidine 1. Using alkyl halides as electrophiles, compounds 3c-e and 4c,d could be obtained in moderate to good yields. X-ray structural analyses of derivatives 3e and 4c reveal sterically overloaded central C-C double bonds. Whereas phosgene and its thio derivative give the imidazolines 4e,f, methyl benzoate allows a stepwise substitution leading to tetraaminoethenes bearing different residues at the nitrogen atoms.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1998 (1998), S. 1803-1810 
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Oxalic amidines ; Lithium diamides ; Tetraaminoethenes ; Reduction ; Macrocycles ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A convienent one-pot synthesis of macrocycles containing a tetraaminoethene substructure is described. Starting from oxalic amidines 1, reduction with lithium and subsequent addition of phenyl isothiocyanate afforded the anionic bis(thiocarbamoyl) derivatives 3. In the final step, a ring-closure reaction using a large number of α,ω-dielectrophilic building blocks yields the new macrocyclic compounds 6-14.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Thia-aza heterocycles ; Bis(azolyl)alkanes ; 1-(Haloalkyl)pyridinium halides ; Synthetic methods ; Cyclization reactions ; Ab initio calculations ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Novel 5/6/5 heterocycles, 1,3,4-thiadiazolo[3,2-a]-1,3,4-thiadiazolo[3,2-d]-1,3,5-triazinium halides 7, have been synthesized by the reaction of 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazoles 6 with either 1-(haloalkyl)pyridinium halides 4 or N,N′-methylenebis(pyridinium) dibromides 5. The tricyclic compounds 7 are generated in the course of several successive reaction steps in which specific proton migrations, bond-breaking and bond-forming processes occur. The structures 7 have been verified by spectral data (1H and 13C NMR, MS), X-ray analysis and ab initio calculations. The latter show that both sp2-C atoms C(10) and C(12) of 7 are significantly positively charged and, therefore, exhibit electrophilic properties towards the primary amino group of the amino-thiadiazoles 6. In the course of a multi-step reaction cascade of the 6/7 mixture, novel multi-aza/thia heterocycles 8 are formed. The structures of the latter compounds have been confirmed by X-ray analysis as well as by detailed experimental and theoretical NMR-spectroscopic studies.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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