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  • Earth Resources and Remote Sensing  (15)
  • tumor necrosis factor  (2)
  • 12.35.Ht
  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: α1-acid glycoprotein ; neoglycoconjugates ; Inflammation ; immunomodulation ; complement ; orosomucoid ; free radicals ; tumor necrosis factor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Pseudo-α1-acid glycoprotein with carbohydrate chain ratio typical of native form was synthesized by a previously developed original technique of quantitative transfer of α1-acid glycoprotein carbohydrate chains to other polymeric carrier. Similarly to native glycoprotein, the semisynthetic analog inhibited lymphocyte proliferation and stimulated the production of antiinflammatory cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes. However, it possessed no antioxidant activity and did not inhibit complement activation by the alternative pathway. The role of carbohydrate and protein components of α1-acid glycoprotein molecule in the realization of its biological effects is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: glucocorticoids ; interleukin-6 ; lipopolysaccharide ; peripheral blood mononuclears ; adherent cells ; tumor necrosis factor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In vitro experiments demonstrate that various doses of dexamethasone not only inhibit production of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor but also markedly stimulate it in cells of the total pool of human peripheral blood mononuclears. Production of tumor necrosis factor in the presence of dexamethasone is stimulated in all donors, while production of interleukin-6 is strongly inhibited, usually in a dose-dependent manner.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 323 (1986), S. 205-211 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 12.35.Ht ; 13.75.Cs ; 21.10.Ky
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The probability of the six-quark bag part of the deuteron is defined within recently formulated quark compound bag (QCB) model. An upper limit of about 1 % for the admixture of the confined bag in the deuteron is found for the QCB potential supplied by the long range Paris interaction. The six-quark bag corrections to the static multipole moments of the deuteron are estimated to be ≲1 % forμ d and ≲6% forQ d .
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: The Second International Workshop on Mineral Dust; Paris; France
    Format: text
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) provides a unique, independent source of data for studying dust emission and transport. MISR's multiple view angles allow the retrieval of aerosol properties over bright surfaces, and such retrievals have been shown to be sensitive to the non-sphericity of dust aerosols over both land and water. MISR stereographic views of thick aerosol plumes allow height and instantaneous wind derivations at spatial resolutions of better than 1.1 km horizontally and ~200m vertically. We will discuss the radiometric and stereo-retrieval capabilities of MISR specifically for dust, and demonstrate the use of MISR data in conjunction with other available satellite observations for dust property characterization and climate studies.First, we will discuss MISR non-spherical (dust) fraction product over the global oceans. We will show that over the Atlantic Ocean, changes in the MISR-derived non-spherical AOD fraction illustrate the evolution of dust during transport. Next, we will present a MISR satellite perspective on dust climatology in major dust source regions with a particular emphasis on the West Africa and Middle East and discuss MISR's unique strengths as well as current product biases. Finally, we will discuss MISR dust plume product and climatological applications.
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: Lecture College of Health Science; Nov 19, 2012; Kuwait City; Kuwait
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: In this study, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) fine mode fraction and Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) nonspherical fraction data are used to derive dust and smoke aerosol optical thickness (T(sub dust) and T(sub smoke)) over the tropical Atlantic in a complementary way: due to its wider swath, MODIS has 3-4 times greater sampling than MISR, but MISR dust discrimination is based on particle shape retrievals, whereas an empirical scheme is used for MODIS. MODIS and MISR show very similar dust and smoke winter climatologies. T(sub dust) is the dominant aerosol component over the tropical Atlantic, accounting for 40-70 percent of the total aerosol optical thickness (AOT), whereas T(sub smoke) is significantly smaller than T(sub dust). The consistency and high correlation between these climatologies and their daily variations lends confidence to their use for investigating the relative dust and smoke contributions to the total AOT variation associated with the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO). The temporal evolution and spatial patterns of the dus anomalies associated with the MJO are consistent between MODIS and MISR: the magnitude of MJO-realted T(sub dust) anomalies is comparable to or even larger than that of the total T, while the T(sub smoke) anomaly represents about 15 percent compared to the total, which is quite different from their relative magnitudes to the total T on the climatological time scale. This suggests that dust and smoke are not influenced by the MJO in the same way. Based on correlation analysis, dust is strongly influenced by the MJO-modulated trade wind and precipitation anomalies, and can last as long as one MJO phase, whereas smoke is less affected.
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN8698 , Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres; 118; 10; 4947-4963
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: To determine a plausible range of mass extinction efficiencies (MEE) of terrestrial atmospheric dust from the near to thermal IR, sensitivity analyses are performed over an extended range of dust microphysical and chemistry perturbations. The IR values are subsequently compared to those in the near-IR, to evaluate spectral relationships in their optical properties. Synthesized size distributions consistent with measurements, model particle size, while composition is defined by the refractive indices of minerals routinely observed in dust, including the widely used OPAC/Hess parameterization. Single-scattering properties of representative dust particle shapes are calculated using the T-matrix, Discrete Dipole Approximation and Lorenz-Mie light-scattering codes. For the parameterizations examined, MEE ranges from nearly zero to 1.2 square meters per gram, with the higher values associated with non-spheres composed of quartz and gypsum. At near-IR wavelengths, MEE for non-spheres generally exceeds those for spheres, while in the thermal IR, shape-induced changes in MEE strongly depend on volume median diameter (VMD) and wavelength, particularly for MEE evaluated at the mineral resonant frequencies. MEE spectral distributions appear to follow particle geometry and are evidence for shape dependency in the optical properties. It is also shown that non-spheres best reproduce the positions of prominent absorption peaks found in silicates. Generally, angular particles exhibit wider and more symmetric MEE spectral distribution patterns from 8-10 micrometers than those with smooth surfaces, likely due to their edge-effects. Lastly, MEE ratios allow for inferring dust optical properties across the visible-IR spectrum. We conclude the MEE of dust aerosol are significant for the parameter space investigated, and are a key component for remote sensing applications and the study of direct aerosol radiative effects.
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: GSFC.JA.6600.2012 , Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics; 11; 4; 1527-1547
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: An initial comparison of aerosol optical thickness over North Africa for year 2007 was performed between the Deep Blue and Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) algorithms complimented with MISR and OMI data. The new MAIAC algorithm has a better sensitivity to the small dust storms than the DB algorithm, but it also has biases in the brightest desert regions indicating the need for improvement. The quarterly averaged AOT values in the Bodele depression and western downwind transport region show a good agreement among MAIAC, MISR and OMI data, while the DB algorithm shows a somewhat different seasonality.
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: GSFC.OVPR.5493.2011 , Electromagnetic and Light Scattering XIII (ELSXIII); Sep 26, 2011 - Sep 30, 2011; Taormina; Italy
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-07-20
    Description: Talks presented by Dr. Ralph Kahn at the 16th AeroCom and 5th AeroSat Workshops, held October 9-13, 2017 in Helsinki, Finland.
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN47981 , AeroSat Workshops; Oct 09, 2017 - Oct 13, 2017; Helsinki; Finland|AeroCom; Oct 09, 2017 - Oct 13, 2017; Helsinki; Finland
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2020-01-22
    Description: We are creating a new algorithm that combines observations from MISR and MODIS (both on the NASA Terra spacecraft) to improve atmospheric correction and coverage for ocean color data products. The algorithm utilizes information rich, multi-angle MISR observations for atmospheric correction, applied to MODIS. Our goal is to produce atmospherically corrected Remote Sensing Reflectance from MODIS with enhanced coverage and accuracy, for input to downstream bio-optical ocean parameter retrieval algorithms.An important aspect of this work is the utilization of multi-angle views of the reflected ocean surface sun glint. Usually, such observations are avoided, since the intensity of the glint overwhelms any contribution from the ocean body. However, MISR's multi-angle observations see varying degrees of glint, which means they can be used to better determine aerosol optical properties (Kaufman et al., 2002, Ottaviani et al., 2013), and to identify surface wind speeds that govern the glint pattern. The latter could be utilized to replace the wind speeds taken from ancillary sources that are currently used to conservatively mask potential glint contamination in MODIS observations.To assess this capability, and to identify the appropriate parameterization, we present an analysis using the Generalized Nonlinear Retrieval Analysis (GENRA, Vukicevic et al., 2009) information content assessment. This technique is also easily modified to act as a Bayesian retrieval algorithm, for which initial results are discussed. Finally, we describe the status of integrating MISR data into the processing capabilities of the Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) at NASA, and show the first ocean color vicarious calibration (Franz et al., 2007) of the MISR instrument.
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN76862 , AGU Fall Meeting; Dec 09, 2019 - Dec 13, 2019; San Francisco, CA; United States
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