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  • 1
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    Impaired B and T cell antigen receptor signaling in p110delta PI 3-kinase mutant mice (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-07-20
    Description: Class IA phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are a family of p85/p110 heterodimeric lipid kinases that generate second messenger signals downstream of tyrosine kinases, thereby controlling cell metabolism, growth, proliferation, differentiation, motility, and survival. Mammals express three class IA catalytic subunits: p110alpha, p110beta, and p110delta. It is unclear to what extent these p110 isoforms have overlapping or distinct biological roles. Mice expressing a catalytically inactive form of p110delta (p110delta(D910A)) were generated by gene targeting. Antigen receptor signaling in B and T cells was impaired and immune responses in vivo were attenuated in p110delta mutant mice. They also developed inflammatory bowel disease. These results reveal a selective role for p110delta in immunity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Okkenhaug, Klaus -- Bilancio, Antonio -- Farjot, Geraldine -- Priddle, Helen -- Sancho, Sara -- Peskett, Emma -- Pearce, Wayne -- Meek, Stephen E -- Salpekar, Ashreena -- Waterfield, Michael D -- Smith, Andrew J H -- Vanhaesebroeck, Bart -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 9;297(5583):1031-4. Epub 2002 Jul 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, 91 Riding House Street, London W1W 7BS, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12130661" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens/immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/enzymology/*immunology ; Bone Marrow Cells/cytology ; Catalytic Domain ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology ; Immunoglobulins/blood ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/immunology/pathology ; Interleukin-2/biosynthesis ; Intestinal Mucosa/pathology ; Lymph Nodes/cytology/pathology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Point Mutation ; *Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/*metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Spleen/cytology/pathology ; T-Lymphocytes/enzymology/*immunology ; Thymus Gland/cytology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Angiogenesis selectively requires the p110alpha isoform of PI3K to control endothelial cell migration (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-02
    Description: Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) signal downstream of multiple cell-surface receptor types. Class IA PI3K isoforms couple to tyrosine kinases and consist of a p110 catalytic subunit (p110alpha, p110beta or p110delta), constitutively bound to one of five distinct p85 regulatory subunits. PI3Ks have been implicated in angiogenesis, but little is known about potential selectivity among the PI3K isoforms and their mechanism of action in endothelial cells during angiogenesis in vivo. Here we show that only p110alpha activity is essential for vascular development. Ubiquitous or endothelial cell-specific inactivation of p110alpha led to embryonic lethality at mid-gestation because of severe defects in angiogenic sprouting and vascular remodelling. p110alpha exerts this critical endothelial cell-autonomous function by regulating endothelial cell migration through the small GTPase RhoA. p110alpha activity is particularly high in endothelial cells and preferentially induced by tyrosine kinase ligands (such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A). In contrast, p110beta in endothelial cells signals downstream of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) ligands such as SDF-1alpha, whereas p110delta is expressed at low level and contributes only minimally to PI3K activity in endothelial cells. These results provide the first in vivo evidence for p110-isoform selectivity in endothelial PI3K signalling during angiogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Graupera, Mariona -- Guillermet-Guibert, Julie -- Foukas, Lazaros C -- Phng, Li-Kun -- Cain, Robert J -- Salpekar, Ashreena -- Pearce, Wayne -- Meek, Stephen -- Millan, Jaime -- Cutillas, Pedro R -- Smith, Andrew J H -- Ridley, Anne J -- Ruhrberg, Christiana -- Gerhardt, Holger -- Vanhaesebroeck, Bart -- BB/C505659/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/C505659/2/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0601093/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0601093(79633)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0700711/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2008 May 29;453(7195):662-6. doi: 10.1038/nature06892. Epub 2008 Apr 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Cell Signalling, Institute of Cancer, Queen Mary, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18449193" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Movement ; Cells, Cultured ; Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Endothelial Cells/*cytology/*enzymology ; Female ; Humans ; Mice ; *Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Rats ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/pharmacology ; Wounds and Injuries ; rho GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    The Characterization of Surface Variegation Effects on Remote Sensing (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Improvements in remote sensing capabilities hinge very directly upon attaining an understanding of the physical processes contributing to the measurements. In order to devise new measurement strategies and to learn better techniques for processing remotely gathered data, it is necessary to understand and to characterize the complex radiative interactions of the atmosphere-surface system. In particular, it is important to understand the role of atmospheric structure, ground reflectance inhomogeneity and ground bidirectional reflectance type. The goals, then, are to model, analyze, and parameterize the observable effects of three dimensional atmospheric structure and composition and two dimensional variations in ground albedo and bidirectional reflectance. To achieve these goals, a Monte Carlo radiative transfer code is employed to model and analyze the effects of many of the complications which are present in nature.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Fundamental Remote Sensing Sci. Res. Program; p 107-113
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  • 4
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    Development of laminar flow control wing surface porous structure (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: It was concluded that the chordwise air collection method, which actually combines chordwise and spanwise air collection, is the best of the designs conceived up to this time for full chord laminar flow control (LFC). Its shallower ducting improved structural efficiency of the main wing box resulting in a reduction in wing weight, and it provided continuous support of the chordwise panel joints, better matching of suction and clearing airflow requirements, and simplified duct to suction source minifolding. Laminar flow control on both the upper and lower surfaces was previously reduced to LFC suction on the upper surface only, back to 85 percent chord. The study concludes that, in addition to reduced wing area and other practical advantages, this system would be lighter because of the increase in effective structural wing thickness.
    Keywords: AERONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-CR-172424 , NAS 1.26:172424
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  • 5
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    Cloud shadow effects on remote sensing (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: On relatively clear days, the shadow cast by an isolated, optically dense cloud produces an effect which is similar in extent and magnitude to the adjacency effects associated with high-contrast ground albedo boundaries. A Monte Carlo radiative transfer model has been used to examine the intensity and its components, comparing the cloud shadow case with that for a Lambertian albedo boundary. Although the behavior of the total intensity is nearly the same for both cases, the behaviors of the intensity components differ significantly.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (ISSN 0196-2892); GE-23; 634-639
    Format: text
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