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  • 1
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    The structural basis of ribosome activity in peptide bond synthesis (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-08-11
    Description: Using the atomic structures of the large ribosomal subunit from Haloarcula marismortui and its complexes with two substrate analogs, we establish that the ribosome is a ribozyme and address the catalytic properties of its all-RNA active site. Both substrate analogs are contacted exclusively by conserved ribosomal RNA (rRNA) residues from domain V of 23S rRNA; there are no protein side-chain atoms closer than about 18 angstroms to the peptide bond being synthesized. The mechanism of peptide bond synthesis appears to resemble the reverse of the acylation step in serine proteases, with the base of A2486 (A2451 in Escherichia coli) playing the same general base role as histidine-57 in chymotrypsin. The unusual pK(a) (where K(a) is the acid dissociation constant) required for A2486 to perform this function may derive in part from its hydrogen bonding to G2482 (G2447 in E. coli), which also interacts with a buried phosphate that could stabilize unusual tautomers of these two bases. The polypeptide exit tunnel is largely formed by RNA but has significant contributions from proteins L4, L22, and L39e, and its exit is encircled by proteins L19, L22, L23, L24, L29, and L31e.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nissen, P -- Hansen, J -- Ban, N -- Moore, P B -- Steitz, T A -- GM22778/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM54216/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Aug 11;289(5481):920-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry and Department of Chemistry, Yale University, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New Haven, CT 06520-8114, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10937990" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Archaeal Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Base Pairing ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Crystallization ; Evolution, Molecular ; Haloarcula marismortui/chemistry/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Oligonucleotides/metabolism ; *Peptide Biosynthesis ; Peptides/metabolism ; Peptidyl Transferases/antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/*metabolism ; Phosphates/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Puromycin/metabolism ; RNA, Archaeal/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Catalytic/*chemistry/*metabolism ; RNA, Ribosomal, 23S/*chemistry/*metabolism ; RNA, Transfer/metabolism ; RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl/metabolism ; Ribosomal Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Ribosomes/chemistry/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    A closer look at water-related geologic activity on Mars (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-09-22
    Description: Water has supposedly marked the surface of Mars and produced characteristic landforms. To understand the history of water on Mars, we take a close look at key locations with the High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment on board the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, reaching fine spatial scales of 25 to 32 centimeters per pixel. Boulders ranging up to approximately 2 meters in diameter are ubiquitous in the middle to high latitudes, which include deposits previously interpreted as finegrained ocean sediments or dusty snow. Bright gully deposits identify six locations with very recent activity, but these lie on steep (20 degrees to 35 degrees) slopes where dry mass wasting could occur. Thus, we cannot confirm the reality of ancient oceans or water in active gullies but do see evidence of fluvial modification of geologically recent mid-latitude gullies and equatorial impact craters.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McEwen, A S -- Hansen, C J -- Delamere, W A -- Eliason, E M -- Herkenhoff, K E -- Keszthelyi, L -- Gulick, V C -- Kirk, R L -- Mellon, M T -- Grant, J A -- Thomas, N -- Weitz, C M -- Squyres, S W -- Bridges, N T -- Murchie, S L -- Seelos, F -- Seelos, K -- Okubo, C H -- Milazzo, M P -- Tornabene, L L -- Jaeger, W L -- Byrne, S -- Russell, P S -- Griffes, J L -- Martinez-Alonso, S -- Davatzes, A -- Chuang, F C -- Thomson, B J -- Fishbaugh, K E -- Dundas, C M -- Kolb, K J -- Banks, M E -- Wray, J J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 21;317(5845):1706-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. mcewen@lpl.arizona.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17885125" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Extraterrestrial Environment ; Geological Phenomena ; Geology ; *Mars ; *Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Seasonal erosion and restoration of Mars' northern polar dunes (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-02-05
    Description: Despite radically different environmental conditions, terrestrial and martian dunes bear a strong resemblance, indicating that the basic processes of saltation and grainfall (sand avalanching down the dune slipface) operate on both worlds. Here, we show that martian dunes are subject to an additional modification process not found on Earth: springtime sublimation of Mars' CO(2) seasonal polar caps. Numerous dunes in Mars' north polar region have experienced morphological changes within a Mars year, detected in images acquired by the High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. Dunes show new alcoves, gullies, and dune apron extension. This is followed by remobilization of the fresh deposits by the wind, forming ripples and erasing gullies. The widespread nature of these rapid changes, and the pristine appearance of most dunes in the area, implicates active sand transport in the vast polar erg in Mars' current climate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hansen, C J -- Bourke, M -- Bridges, N T -- Byrne, S -- Colon, C -- Diniega, S -- Dundas, C -- Herkenhoff, K -- McEwen, A -- Mellon, M -- Portyankina, G -- Thomas, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 4;331(6017):575-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1197636.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA. cjhansen@psi.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21292976" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Carbon Dioxide ; Dry Ice ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; *Mars
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The formation of polymerizable tubules (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 1 (1990), S. 27-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: Crystallization ; Phospholipids ; Diacetylene ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: We have been investigating the crystallization behavior of the phospholipid amphiphile, 1,2 bis (10, 12-tricosadiynol)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, DC8,9PC, which forms both vesicles and hollow tubules as well as Langmuir Blodgett monolayers and multilayers. This material has polymerizable diacetylene groups in equivalent positions on the two hydrocarbon tails. The direct crystallization from solution of this amphiphile has been studied using different solvent mixtures and temperatures. The Langmuir Blodgett technique was also used to compress and orient the tubules.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.1990.220010105
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