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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 47 (1999), S. 219-238 
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: dissolved humic substances ; FTIR spectroscopy ; land use history ; peat ; synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy ; UV/VIS spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The elemental composition and spectroscopic properties of dissolved fulvic acids isolated from different sampling media (topsoil, ground and surface water) of a natural fen area (high portion of organic soils) were examined to reveal the effects of land use history. These effects need to be known if dissolved humic substances are to be a major factor in identifying the impact of present and future changes in land use. Dissolved fulvic acids (topsoil, groundwater) from highly degraded peatlands (due to a long-term agricultural use) exhibit lower C/N ratios, higher absorption in the UV spectra, and higher absorption at 1,620 cm−1 in the FTIR spectra compared with fulvic acids from relatively intact peatlands. These properties illustrate that long-term agricultural use with high inputs results in increased aromatic structures and a further humification of dissolved fulvic acids due to very strong peat decomposition compared with relatively intact peatlands. Synchronous fluorescence spectra also indicate the higher level of aromatic structures within fulvic acids isolated from sites with long-term agricultural use (high peat decomposition) compared with a land use history resulting in a lower peat decomposition. The different sources of fulvic acids in surface water (precipitation, runoff, interflow, groundwater) are the main reason for these effects not being detected in fulvic acids isolated from surface water. Short-term changes in land use characterized by a transition from crop farming to an unimproved grassland were found not to affect the spectroscopic properties of dissolved fulvic acids. A humification index deduced from the synchronous fluorescence spectra is proposed. We have strong evidence that dissolved humic substances indicate changes in the environmental conditions (both anthropogenic and natural) of wetlands with a high proportion of organic soils.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 47 (1999), S. 219-238 
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: dissolved humic substances ; FTIR spectroscopy ; land use history ; peat ; synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy ; UV/VIS spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The elemental composition and spectroscopic properties of dissolved fulvic acids isolated from different sampling media (topsoil, ground and surface water) of a natural fen area (high portion of organic soils) were examined to reveal the effects of land use history. These effects need to be known if dissolved humic substances are to be a major factor in identifying the impact of present and future changes in land use. Dissolved fulvic acids (topsoil, groundwater) from highly degraded peatlands (due to a long-term agricultural use) exhibit lower C/N ratios, higher absorption in the UV spectra, and higher absorption at 1,620 cm−1 in the FTIR spectra compared with fulvic acids from relatively intact peatlands. These properties illustrate that long-term agricultural use with high inputs results in increased aromatic structures and a further humification of dissolved fulvic acids due to very strong peat decomposition compared with relatively intact peatlands. Synchronous fluorescence spectra also indicate the higher level of aromatic structures within fulvic acids isolated from sites with long-term agricultural use (high peat decomposition) compared with a land use history resulting in a lower peat decomposition. The different sources of fulvic acids in surface water (precipitation, runoff, interflow, groundwater) are the main reason for these effects not being detected in fulvic acids isolated from surface water. Short-term changes in land use characterized by a transition from crop farming to an unimproved grassland were found not to affect the spectroscopic properties of dissolved fulvic acids. A humification index deduced from the synchronous fluorescence spectra is proposed. We have strong evidence that dissolved humic substances indicate changes in the environmental conditions (both anthropogenic and natural) of wetlands with a high proportion of organic soils.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 18 (1976), S. 1497-1506 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A chemostat in which mammalian cells can be raised in continuous suspension culture is described. It is constructed from commercially available parts. This apparatus has the advantage over earlier models in that the medium can be pumped off free of cells, thus suddenly increasing the cell concentration in the culture. The apparatus has been successfully used in studies on contact inhibition.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 246 (1941), S. 243-257 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1. Der zeitliche Verlauf der Reduktion von Molybdänlösungen mit Zn und Cd wird bei Gegenwart verschiedener Säuren untersucht. Aus Potentialmessungen geht hervor, daß die Reduktion zunächst zur Bildung von Mo(V) und dann bis Zum Mo(III). führt. Mo(IV) tritt nicht auf.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 246 (1941), S. 258-274 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1. Der Verlauf der elektrolytischen Reduktion von schwefel- und salzsauren Molybdänlösungen wird untersucht. Die Reduktion verläuft über die 5-wertige Stufe bis zum Mo(III). In sehr schwach sauren Lösungen führt sie unmittelbar zu festem Mo(OH)3.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Keywords: computer simulations ; conformations ; Lewis glycolipids ; molecular dynamics ; thioglycosides ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Several monomeric and dimeric Lewis glycolipids have been investigated by NMR spectroscopy, and structural aspects were modelled by computer. From the pseudo-C2-symmetric tetrasaccharide unit that forms the recognition domain of the Lewis Y and Lewis b antigens, a totally C2-symmetric tetrasaccharide was designed that contains the structural element common to all Lewis antigens. Finally, a model for the presentation of dimeric Lewis antigens at membrane surfaces was derived. The overall shapes of the dimeric Lewis oligosaccharides are defined by the connectivity of the sugar residues within rigid tri- and tetrasaccharide building blocks.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 2 (1996), S. 502-510 
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Keywords: alkynes ; C-glycosides ; cobalt complexes ; cyclizations ; enzyme inhibitors ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reaction of gluconolactone 2 with allylmagnesium bromide at low temperatures afforded ketopyranose 3, which could easily be converted into open-chain ketoses (R)-6 and (S)-6. Their reaction with lithioacetylide 9 afforded propargylic alcohol derivatives (R)-10 and (S)-10, which could not be cyclized directly to the desired C-ketosides. They were converted by standard procedures into (R)-14 and (S)-14 and then into dicobalthexacarbonyl complexes (R)-16 and (S)-16. A facile acid-catalyzed ring closure gave the desired C-ketosides (R)-18 α/β and (S)-18α/β, respectively, in different ratios. In order to demonstrate that removal of the protective groups and hydrogenation of the CC triple bond proceed smoothly, (R)-18 α was transformed into the deprotected target molecule (R)-1 α. For the assignment of the new chiral centers at C-2/2′ and at C-8, (S)-18α was transformed into azido derivative (S)-22α, which underwent intramolecular cycloaddition to afford the spiro derivative (S)-25α. Because of the conformational constraints in this molecule, unequivocal configurational assignment was possible with the help of NMR data.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polymethoxy-acetophenone werden in Polyphosphorsäure ent- bzw. umacetyliert; die Entacetylierung folgt der 1. Ordnung. Aus 1.2.4.5-Tetramethoxy-benzol (1a) entsteht mit Eisessig/Polyphosphorsäure 2.4.5-Trimethoxy-acetophenon (2a).
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 67 (1995), S. 1330-1332 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 90 (1957), S. 1153-1161 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Salze von Aminosäuren werden mit reduzierenden Zuckern in wasserfreiem Methanol umgesetzt und die Kondensationsprodukte als Metallkomplexe isoliert. Das Verfahren gestattet erstmalig die Gewinnung kristallisierter N-Glyko-side aliphatischer Aminosäuren in Form ihrer Komplexsalze. Mg-, Ca-, Fe-, Co-, Cu- und Zn-N-Glykoside von Glycin, Alanin, Glutaminsäure und Methionin werden in z. T. annähernd quantitativen Ausbeuten erhalten. Das zentrale Kation des Komplexes stabilisiert die N-glykosidische Bindung; z. B. ist der hydrolytische Zerfall des N-Glykosids in wäßriger Lösung stark verzögert.
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