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  • Chemistry  (41)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (10)
  • 1-(Haloalkyl)pyridinium halides  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33 (1995), S. 1133-1142 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Diels-Alder polyaddition ; coronand structure ; bispyrones ; bismaleimides ; polyimides ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of various substituted bis(2-pyrone)s with bismaleimides in dilute solution was carried out to produce linear soluble polymers with coronand structure. The number-average molecular weights of the polymers ranged from 7000 to 18,000 (vapor pressure osmometry). Polymer structures were identified by NMR spectroscopy and model reactions. The stereochemistry and the mechanism are discussed. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Thia-aza heterocycles ; Bis(azolyl)alkanes ; 1-(Haloalkyl)pyridinium halides ; Synthetic methods ; Cyclization reactions ; Ab initio calculations ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Novel 5/6/5 heterocycles, 1,3,4-thiadiazolo[3,2-a]-1,3,4-thiadiazolo[3,2-d]-1,3,5-triazinium halides 7, have been synthesized by the reaction of 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazoles 6 with either 1-(haloalkyl)pyridinium halides 4 or N,N′-methylenebis(pyridinium) dibromides 5. The tricyclic compounds 7 are generated in the course of several successive reaction steps in which specific proton migrations, bond-breaking and bond-forming processes occur. The structures 7 have been verified by spectral data (1H and 13C NMR, MS), X-ray analysis and ab initio calculations. The latter show that both sp2-C atoms C(10) and C(12) of 7 are significantly positively charged and, therefore, exhibit electrophilic properties towards the primary amino group of the amino-thiadiazoles 6. In the course of a multi-step reaction cascade of the 6/7 mixture, novel multi-aza/thia heterocycles 8 are formed. The structures of the latter compounds have been confirmed by X-ray analysis as well as by detailed experimental and theoretical NMR-spectroscopic studies.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: 4-Alkylidene-1,4-dihydropyridines ; 1-Acyl-4-benzylpyridinium tetrafluoroborates ; Carboxylic acid fluorides ; X-ray structures ; Ab initio calculations ; Density functional calculations ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1-Acyl-4-benzylpyridinium salts 4 containing nonnucleophilic anions X- such as CF3SO3-, FSO3-, and BF4- can be generated quantitatively and in situ from 1-acyl-4-alkylidene-1,4-dihydropyridines 1a-f and the corresponding acid, HX. The BF4- salts reveal an interesting and unexpected thermal instability which allows the convenient synthesis of carboxylic acid fluorides 5b-f. This procedure offers advantages over known methods: All operations can be performed in a standard glass apparatus and do not require high pressures. The formation of RCOF 5 is assisted by the pyridine moiety of 4, which splits off and functions as a Lewis base to intercept the BF3 acid. The structural and electronic relationships as well as dominating differences between the very reactive cations of 4 and their almost “inert” uncharged precursors, the dihydropyridines 1, are discussed both on the fundament of experimental evidence (X-ray structures of 1f and the extremely reactive and very labile 4f) and theoretical investigations (ab initio and DFT MO calculations).
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Carbon dioxide fixation ; Magnesium ; N ligands ; C-C coupling ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of oxalic amidines R1-N=C(NHR2)-C(NHR2)=N-R1 with CH3MgX followed by uptake of CO2 results in the formation of the trimeric carbamato complexes [R1-N=C(NR2-COO)-C(NR2COO)=N-R1]3Mg3(THF)6 (2a: R1 = R2 = Ph; 2b: R1 = R2 = p-tolyl) as the thermodynamically stable final products of the reaction. Their X-ray crystal structures show that the three metal centres are in a linear arrangement. The central magnesium ion is octahedrally surrounded by six O-donor atoms of the μ2-carbamato bridges, while both peripheral magnesium ions are facially coordinated by three O-donor atoms of the carbamato groups and three THF molecules. This coordination sphere can be considered as a structural model for the active centre in the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase enzyme. Compound 2a reacts with ZnCl2 or CoBr2, with CO2 elimination, to form dimeric complexes of the type [X2M(oxalamidinato)MX2][Mg(DMF)6] (M = Zn, Co; X = Cl, Br). X-ray crystal structure analyses show that the d-metals are tetrahedrally coordinated. The magnesium-bromide-containing intermediates in the formation of 2a and 2b are able to transfer CO2 to acetophenone, thus simulating the CO2 activation step in enzymatic biotin-dependent carboxylation reactions.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Oxalic amidines ; Lithium diamides ; Tetraaminoethenes ; Nitrogen heterocycles ; Reduction ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reduction of the 1,4-diaza-1,3-butadiene substructure of hexasubstituted amidines 1 with lithium metal yields the dilithium diamides 2. Subsequent reactions of these with various electrophiles give the title substances 3, 4 and 5. The quenching reaction of 2 with organosilicon derivatives leads to open-chain 3b as well as to cyclic tetraaminoethenes 4a,b. Treatment of 2 with methanol gives 3a which in the presence of oxygen is reoxidized to the starting amidine 1. Using alkyl halides as electrophiles, compounds 3c-e and 4c,d could be obtained in moderate to good yields. X-ray structural analyses of derivatives 3e and 4c reveal sterically overloaded central C-C double bonds. Whereas phosgene and its thio derivative give the imidazolines 4e,f, methyl benzoate allows a stepwise substitution leading to tetraaminoethenes bearing different residues at the nitrogen atoms.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: 4H-Imidazoles ; Lithium-Imidazole complex ; Regioselective acylation ; Quantum-mechanical calculation ; Acyl rearrangements ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The deprotonation of the 4H-imidazoles 1 by lithium hydride yields the lithiated derivatives 2 which contain a stable delocalized anion. Surprisingly, the X-ray crystal structure analysis of 2a reveals one molecule of water in the first complexation sphere of the lithium cation. This result is in good agreement with semiempirical calculations (PM3) which predict an increase in stability on substitution of ether ligands by water molecules. The deprotonation of 1 is accompanied by a change of colour from orange to purple because of the polymethinic character of the resulting anion. Alkylation, as well as acylation, of2 leads to the exocyclic substituted derivatives 3 and 5. The NMR spectra of 3 and 5 and the semiempirical calculations suggest the existence of two rotamers due to the low rotation barrier of the exocyclic C-N bond. Another type of acylation is observed when phenylacetyl chloride is used as an acylating agent. The X-ray crystal structure analysis of 6c reveals that a rearrangement forming an unsaturated acid amide substructure takes place.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1998 (1998), S. 1803-1810 
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Oxalic amidines ; Lithium diamides ; Tetraaminoethenes ; Reduction ; Macrocycles ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A convienent one-pot synthesis of macrocycles containing a tetraaminoethene substructure is described. Starting from oxalic amidines 1, reduction with lithium and subsequent addition of phenyl isothiocyanate afforded the anionic bis(thiocarbamoyl) derivatives 3. In the final step, a ring-closure reaction using a large number of α,ω-dielectrophilic building blocks yields the new macrocyclic compounds 6-14.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Imidazoles ; Nucleophilic substitutions ; Fulvenes ; Pseudo-azulenes ; Heterocycles ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---The electrophilic properties of the 4H-imidazoles 1 and their protonated derivatives 2 permit the introduction of nucleophilic building blocks, as illustrated by reactions of 1 with selected amines. Depending on the nature of the amine and the substituents R1 on the heterocycle 1, single (3) or double (4) transamination is observed. The 1H-NMR spectra of the products, as well as X-ray structure analyses of compounds 3f and 4c, confirm that the residues at the 4- and/or 5-positions of 1 are exchanged. The tautomerism between 3e-h and 3e′-h′ seems to be central to the chemistry of these mixed substituted derivatives. Using orthoesters and acetophenone dimethylacetal as cyclization partners, the imidazo[4,5-d]imidazoles 5 and the 4H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyrazines 6 are obtained, respectively. Reduction of 3e with Zn/HCl or H2S leads to the air-sensitive, strongly fluorescent leuco compounds 8. Quenching of 8 by addition of aromatic aldehydes results in a condensation reaction and, coupled with the subsequent redox disproportionation, this conversion constitutes an alternative route to imidazo[4,5-d]imidazoles of type 11. The unexpected reaction of 3e-h with Lawesson's reagent allows synthesis of the 6-azapentafulvenes 14. The relevant spectral data show 14 to be members of a new chromophoric system, in which an electron-rich five-membered ring is coupled with an electron-deficient ring.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 337 (1995), S. 508-515 
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: On the Aminolysis of Bis-Imidoylchlorides of Oxalic Acid. II. Reaction with Aliphatic Diamines and AminoalcoholsThe aminolysis of bis-imidoylchloride 1 derived from oxalic acid with several diamines and aminoalcohols was investigated. At room temperature diamines 2 as well as aminoalcohols 7 give mainly the cyclic amidines 3 and mixed amidine-imidates 8 in moderately up to good yields. While cis-1,2-diaminocyclohexane yields at room temperature the bicyclic amidine 3a, the trans isomer reacts to 3b only when heated for several hours. Depending on the conditions, the racemic 1,2-diaminopropane 2h gives derivatives of pyrazine 3h or the open-chain amidine 5 resulting from an oxidative aromatization and subsequent hydrolysis. Histamine 2i and 1,8-diamino-3,6-dioxaoctane 2p react selectively with 1 to seven- respectively twelve-membered heterocycles 3i and 3p. The mixed aliphatic and aromatic diamines 2n, o show an anomalous behaviour leading to 2,2′-bis-chinazolines 3n, o.In comparison with acyclic oxalic amidines the new cyclic derivatives show less molecular dynamic in their nmr spectra. In some cases, a s-trans-arrangement of the amidine substructure was observed.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 337 (1995), S. 143-152 
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: On the Aminolysis of Bis-Imidoylchlorides of Oxalic Acid. Part I. Reaction with Aromatic and Aliphatic AminesThe reaction between bis-imidoylchlorides 2 derived from oxalic acid and several aromatic and aliphatic amines was investigated. While primary aromatic amines need a thermical activation by refluxing, primary aliphatic amines give mainly at room temperature the amidines 3 in moderatly up to good yields.Proceeding from enantiomeric pure amines e.g. (R)- or (S)-1-phenethylamine the new homochiral oxalic amidines 3y and 3z with C2-symmetry were obtained. Several secondary amines react with the bis-imidoylchloride 2a to give via intramolecular cycloacylation derivatives of isatine. The new synthesized amidines 3 perform systems with a strong molecular dynamic like prototropie and E/Z-interconversion. All new compounds described were characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopic methods.
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