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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 31 (1993), S. 409-414 
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The ring opening polymerization of 3,9-bismethylene-2, 4, 8, 10-tetraoxa-spiro[5,5]undecane was investigated. It was shown that this bifunctional ketenacetal undergoes a radical homo- and copolymerization forming crosslinked polymers with a high degree of ring opened units. Using other initiators than radicals it is possible to get statements about the electronical state of ketenacetal functions in saturated heterocycles.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 33 (1994), S. 183-186 
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The inverse Diels-Alder reaction of bispyrone 4 with divinyl ether 5 leads to the polymer 6, with the number-average molecular weight Mn=4000 (gel permeation chromatography). The chemical structure of the polymer is determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy and model reaction. Moreover, the stereochemistry of the model compound was investigated by means of 2D COSY spectroscopy.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 41 (1998), S. 153-160 
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: SUMMARY The Diels-Alder reaction of bis-(2-pyrone) 2 with various aliphatic and aromatic bismaleimides 1 in dilute solution was carried out to produce linear soluble copolymers with a coronand structure. NMR spectra and model reactions confirm the structure 4 (3). The polymers show weight losses at about 440°C determined by thermogravimetric analysis (Tab. 1).
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 242 (1996), S. 139-145 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Durch ESR-spektroskopische Untersuchungen an Bis(mercaptopropionat)/Dien-Mischungen konnte gezeigt werden, daß durch die Ausbildung einer Wasserstoffbrückenstruktur in den Bis(mercaptopropionat)en die Sebstinitiierung der Monomermischungen unter Oligomerbildung inhibiert wird. Erst nach Zugabe von Triethylenglykoldithiol lassen sich Thiylradikale spontan nachweisen, die infolge der CT-Wechselwirkung mit dem Dien entstehen. Die anti-Markownikow-Struktur der mit Diallylsuccinat und Diallylterephthalat gebildeten Polymeren wird durch 13C-NMR-Analyse belegt.
    Notes: No radicals are formed in bis(mercaptopropionate)-diene-mixtures, as shown by means of ESR spectroscopic investigation. Radicals are produced spontaneously only in the presence of triethylene glycol dithiol. The hydrogen-bonded structure of the dithiopropionates is obviously responsible for the inhibition of the charge transfer interaction with the diene compounds and prevents subsequent radical formation. The 13C NMR spectra confirm the anti-Markownikow structure of the polymers formed with diallyl succinate and diallyl terephthalate.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 135 (1985), S. 131-138 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: DSC-investigations confirm the experimental result that the selective photopolymerization of MMA and phenylglycidether (PGE) from a mixture of both monomers is possible with diaryliodoniumsalts/benzoinmethylether as a photoinitiator. The separation of both processes is dependent on light-intensity and on the composition of the monomer mixture. From a monomer mixture (80 weight-% MMA and 20 Weight-% PGE) it is possible to polymerize selectively MMA with light intensity I = 0.7 mJ/s cm2, if the reaction is cut off immediately after the appearence of the gel effect (30 minutes). The epoxide polymerization can be completed afterwards by means of unfiltered light from a Hg-pressure lamp. The time separation of both processes will only succeed if MMA is the main part of the monomer mixture.
    Notes: DSC-Untersuchungen bestätigen das präparative Ergebnis, wonach eine selektive, zeitlich aufeinanderfolgende Photopolymerisation von Methylmethacrylat und Phenylglycidether aus einer Mischung beider Monomeren möglich ist mit Diaryliodoniumtetrafluorborat/Benzoinmethylether als Photoinitiator. Die Trennung beider Polymerisationsprozesse ist abhängig von der Bestrahlungsintensität und von der Zusammensetzung der Monomermischung. Aus einer Monomermischung (80 Gew.-% Methylmethacrylat [MMA]/20 Gew.-% Phenylglycidether [PGE]) polymerisiert bei einer Bestrahlungsintensität von I = 0,7 mJ/s cm2 bis zum Eintreten des Geleffektes nur MMA (etwa 30 Minuten). Die Epoxidpolymerisation kann danach mit dem ungefilterten Licht einer Quecksilberhochdrucklampe innerhalb von 10 Minuten durchgeführt werden. Die zeitliche Trennung beider Prozesse gelingt nur, wenn MMA Hauptbestandteil der Monomermischung ist.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 150 (1987), S. 161-169 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: DSC- and ESR-measurements during the photosensitized polymerization of 1,8-dithio-3,6-dioxaoctane with phthalic acid bisallyl ester showed that this reaction is photo-activated in each step and that C-radicals do occur. Model studies with the system octane thiol/phenylallyl ether showed that photoaddition reaction happens and that radical recombinations are of minor signification.
    Notes: DSC- und ESR-Messungen zur photosensibilisierten Polymerisation von 1,8-Dithio-3,6-dioxaoctan/Phthalsäurebisallylester zeigen, daß die Reaktion in jedem Reaktionsschritt photoaktiviert erfolgt und daß C-Radikale intermediär auftreten. Modelluntersuchungen am System 1-Octanthiol/Phenylallylether ergaben, daß bevorzugt Photoaddition eintritt und daß Radikalrekombinationen von untergeordneter Bedeutung sind. Diese Befunde werden durch 1H-, 13C-NMR- und Massenspektren belegt.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 212 (1993), S. 121-127 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: DSC-Untersuchungen von Dithio/Dien-Mischungen zeigen, daß diese Systeme unter Lichtausschluß und in Abwesenheit von Sauerstoff eine mehr oder weniger deutlich ausgeprägte Dunkelreaktion aufweisen. Als Stabilisatoren wurden Pyrogallol, Hydrochinon und Brenzkatechin getestet. Ihre Wirksamkeit, die aus der Charge-Transfer-Wechselwirkung des Thiols mit dem Dien resultierenden Radikale zu desaktivieren, sinkt in der genannten Reihenfolge.
    Notes: By means of calorimetric investigations it is shown that dithiol/diene-mixtures show a more or less distinct spontaneous dark reaction, without light and in the absence of initiators. Pyrogallol, hydroquinone and catechol were tested as stabilizers. The efficacy of the stabilizer to transform the radicals resulting from charge transfer interaction of the thiol with the ene component into an inactive species decreases in the order mentioned above.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 224 (1995), S. 125-131 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The free-radical addition of 1-octanediol or 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-1-propanethiol on polybutadiene occurs redox-induced with dibenzoylperoxid (DBPO) at room temperature, without any side-reaction. 1,4-trans double bonds do not undergo thiol reactions, similar to the photochemical addition. The molecular weight distribution of the products is comparable with that of the initial polybutadiene.
    Notes: Die radikalische Addition von 1-Octanthiol oder 3-(Trimethoxysily)-1-propanthiol an die 1,2- bzw. 1,4-cis-Doppelbindungen des Polybutadiens erfolgt redox-induziert mit Dibenzoylperoxid (DBPO) bei Raumtemperatur ohne nachweisbare Nebenreaktionen. Trans-konfigurierte Doppelbindungen reagieren unter gleichen Bedingungen nicht. Die Molmassenverteilung der Additionsprodukte ist ähnlich eng wie die des reinen Polybutadiens.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 207 (1993), S. 187-193 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The free-radical addition of 1-octanediol (RSH) on polybutadienes with different molecular weights and configuration of the C—C double bonds occurs selectively to the 1,2-vinyl and 1,4-cis double bond, while the 1,4-trans double bond remains unchanged. The reactivity order 1,2- 〉 cis 〉 trans is confirmed by the model experiments with the isomers of pentene. The addition is favoured by the formation of an olefin/RSH charge-transfer complex as preinitiation step.
    Notes: Die radikalische Addition von Octylmercaptan (RSH) an Polybutadiene unterschiedlicher zahlenmittlerer Molmasse und Konfiguration der Doppelbindungen erfolgt stereoselektiv an die 1,2-vinyl- und 1,4-cis-konfigurierte Doppelbindung, während die 1,4-trans-konfigurierte Doppelbindung unverandert bleibt. Die Reaktivitätsabstufung 1,2- 〉 cis- 〉 trans-Doppelbindung wird in Modellversuchen an den isorneren Pentenen gleichfalls bestatigt. Die Addition ist durch einen Olefin/RSH-Charge-Transfer-Komplex als Pre-Initiierungsschritt begünstigt.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 229 (1995), S. 123-132 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die radikalinduzierte Polymerisation von phenlysubstituierten 2-Methylen-1,3-dioxanen wurde untersucht. Es kann gezeigt werden, daß die grundlegende Polymerisationstendenz derartiger Ketenacetale darin besteht, über die Doppelbindung zu hochmolekularen Polyacetalen ohne eine nennenswerte Ringöffnung zu polymerisieren. Einflußfaktoren, wie z. B. resonanzstabilisierte Kettenenden oder sterische Hinderungen während des Wachstumsschrittes sind nicht in der Lage, die Polymerisation in die Richtung der gewünschten Ringöffnung zu lenken.Mittels Dichtemessungen wurden Informationen über das Schrumpfungsverhalten gewonnen. Es konnte gezeigt werden, daß raumerfüllende Substituenten am 2-Methylen-1,3-dioxansystem bei der Homopolymerisation grundsätzlich eine geringe Volumenschrumpfung bewirken und die Schrumpfung von herkömmlichen Monomeren bei der Copolymerisation herabsetzen können.
    Notes: We have investigated the free radical polymerization of phenyl-substituted 2-methylene-1,3-dioxanes. It was shown that there is a basic tendency of such ketenacetals to undergo exclusively a vinyl polymerization forming high-molecular polyacetals without any detectable ring opening. The polymerization with the desirable ring opening reaction cannot be controlled by factors like resonance stabilized chain ends or steric hindrance in the growing step.From densitometric measurements we got new information about the shrinkage behaviour. It was demonstrated that bulky substituents attached to the 2-methylene-1,3-dioxane system result in a significant low shrinkage in homopolymerization and the shrinkage of common comonomers can be decreased by copolymerization.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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