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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A spectroscopic investigation of the formation mechanism of pigment gallstones (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biospectroscopy 3 (1997), S. 381-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 1075-4261
    Keywords: black pigment gallstone ; FTIR ; EPR ; nonlinear phenomena ; vibrational mode ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Further spectroscopic studies of gallstones are reviewed with an emphasis on the formation of black pigment gallstones. This type of gallstone appears mainly in Western countries, with only 3% of the cholelithiasis patients in China having black gallstones. Fourier transform infrared absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance are used as spectroscopic probes of gallstones and their metal bilirubinate components. Nonlinear phenomena in gallstone formation were investigated through the appearance of ring structure in gallstones and fractal patterns in the formation in the precipitates of bile salt systems. Although a complete understanding of gallstone formation has not yet been achieved, interesting progress toward this goal has been made recently. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biospectroscopy 3: 381-391, 1997
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrodeoxygenation of 1-naphthol catalyzed by sulfided Ni-Mo/γ-Al2O3: Reaction network (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 170-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310125
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fourier transform infrared study of conformational changes occurring at the yield point in uniaxially drawn polymers (1989)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 27 (1989), S. 355-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Fourier-transform infrared measurements on atactic and amorphous isotactic polystyrenes have been made during application of strain. On passing through the yield point, spectra indicate an increase of the amount of higher-energy conformation. In atactic polystyrene it corresponds to an increase of gauche conformations whatever the state may be: pure or plasticized samples, blend with another compatible polymer, or styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer. In amorphous isotactic polystyrene an increase of higher-energy trans conformation is observed. These results strongly support the theory developed by Robertson to explain plastic deformation of polymers.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1989.090270210
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct observation of a diblock copolymer-induced microemulsion at a polymer/polymer interface (1995)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 33 (1995), S. 2351-2357 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: segregation ; interfacial tension ; polymer microemulsion ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: We have studied the segregation of a block copolymer of poly(d8-styrene-b-2-vinylpyridine) (dPS-PVP) at the interface between polystyrene and a random copolymer of poly(styreneran-4-hydroxystyrene) (PS-r-PPHS). Forward recoil spectrometry (FRES) was used to measure the equilibrium excess (z*) of the dPS-PVP chains at the interface as a function of its volume fraction in the bulk PS phase (φ∞). It was found that there is a sharp increase in z* at a critical value of φ∞. This upturn indicates the formation of a microemulsion of PS and the random copolymer PS-r-PPHS due to a vanishing of the interfacial tension caused by the strong adsorption of the block copolymer. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the interface shows that this microemulsion starts to form at the interface by forming a deeply corrugated structure where the “wavelength” of the corrugations is of the order of 50 nm. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1995.090331706
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Validation of turbulence models in a simulated air-conditioning unit (1998)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 26 (1998), S. 199-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: air-conditioning unit ; k-∊ model ; Reynolds stress model ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Details are given of a study to obtain experimental data in an idealized environment for the purpose of evaluating the corresponding computational predictions and which supplement parallel measurements made in actual packaged air-conditioning units. The system consisted of a purpose-built low-speed wind tunnel with a working section constructed to reproduce particular features of the real units. In the experiment, both the mean velocity profiles and turbulence properties of the flow are obtained from triple-hot-wire anemometry measurements. A numerical model, based on finite volume methodology, was used to obtain the solution of the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible isothermal flow. The Reynolds stress terms in the equations are calculated using the standard k-∊ model and second-moment closure (Reynolds stress) models. The accuracy of the two models was evaluated against the experimental measurements made 10 mm downstream of a baffle. The results show that the standard k-∊ model gave the better agreement except in regions of strong recirculation. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linked interpolation for Reissner-Mindlin plate elements: Part III - An alternative quadrilateral (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 37 (1994), S. 1437-1443 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An alternative quadrilateral element for Reissner - Mindlin plates, which extends the mixed formulation described in Part 1 using linked interpolations, is presented. Differently from element Q4BL presented in Part I, this element (Q4BLa) employs four internal rotation nodes and a linear approximation for transverse shear forces. It is shown that the element passes various patch tests, it does not possess any zero-energy mode and its performance is good for both thick and thin plates.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620370902
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular composites from sulfonated poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (1994)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 32 (1994), S. 397-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: molecular composites ; rigid polymers ; sulfonated poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1994.080320223
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aggregation of sulfonated poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) in dilute solutions (1995)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 33 (1995), S. 71-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: rigid polymer ; sulfonated poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) ; polymer aggregation ; solution viscosity ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The viscosities of dilute solutions of poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide), PPTS, in dimethylacetamide, water, and their mixtures were determined. The reduced viscosity plot in dimethylacetamide shows a negative slope. When the water content in the mixed solvent in 90% or higher, there is an upswing in the reduced viscosity values at concentrations below 0.1 g/dL. The latter behavior suggests a “polyelectrolyte” effect. However, an association model was found to be able to explain the viscosity behaviors in both solvents. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1995.090330108
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A spectroscopic study of pigment gallstones in China (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biospectroscopy 3 (1997), S. 371-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1075-4261
    Keywords: brown pigment stone ; PAGE ; mid-IR spectroscopy ; far IR spectroscopy ; FT-Raman ; bezoar ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Spectroscopic studies of various types of gallstones carried out in China are reviewed. Three basic classes of gallstones are surveyed: cholesterol stones, brown pigment stones, and black pigment stones. The emphasis of this review is on brown gallstones. The primary spectroscopic methods used in the studies surveyed are Fourier transform infrared absorption and Fourier transform Raman scattering. Chemical components studied in gallstones include cholesterol, bile pigments, glycoproteins, proteins, bilirubin metal complexes, and salts of calcium and other metals. Further studies are needed characterize the relationship of these components to more complex features of gallstones. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biospectroscopy 3: 371-380, 1997
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural effects on vapor diffusivity in rigid polymers (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 50 (1993), S. 271-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Sulfonated aromatic polyamide and different salts were synthesized. Water vapor diffusion in these polymers and X-ray diffraction of these polymers before and after water immersion were studied. The concentration dependence of the diffusivity is related to the morphological structure in the dry state and the change induced by absorbed water. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070500208
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