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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleating Agents in Polypropylene (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 59 (2000), S. 497-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: Avrami equation ; crystallization ; dibenzylidene sorbitol ; DSC ; isothermal kinetics ; nucleating agents ; nucleation ; pine crystal ; polypropylene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of nucleating agents such as dibenzylidene sorbitol (DBS) (a derivative of sorbitol), pine crystal 1500, sodium and potassium benzoates in commercial grade isotactic polypropylene iPP are studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Isothermal crystallization kinetics of polypropylene to the alpha phase have been analyzed using Avrami's model. Results indicate that dibenzylidene sorbitol and pine crystal are very effective in increasing the crystallization temperature of the polymer and number of nuclei formed during crystallization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010197609840
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation of inclusions in terephthalic acid crystals (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 865-867 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300536
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transport of gases in miscible polymer blends above and below the glass transition region (1993)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 39 (1993), S. 1509-1518 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The study of diffusion and permeation of methane, nitrogen, and helium in miscible blends of poly(styrene-stat-acrylonitrile) (PSAN) and poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) at 35-140°C shows that permeation coefficients (P) of helium followed the linear logarithmic mixing rule. Positive deviations from the linear logarithmic mixing rule were observed for permeation and diffusion coefficients (D) of methane and nitrogen below the glass transition temperature (Tg). The deviations decreased with increasing temperature and disappeared above Tg. The experimental results were analyzed by free volume and activated state theories. The Arrnenius plots of log D or log P vs. the reciprocal of temperature exhibited discontinuities in the glass transition region for all gases and blend compositions. The discontinuities are caused by large thermal expansion coefficient differences between the rubbery and glassy states of PSAN and PMMA. The sorption of methane in 50/50 PSAN/PMMA has dual-mode characteristics below Tg.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690390910
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusivity of urea in concentrated, saturated and supersaturated solutions (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 772-779 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A relatively simple and extremely versatile optical method of obtaining diffusion coefficient data known as Gouy interferometry was employed to measure diffusion coefficients in undersaturated and supersaturated aqueous urea solutions at 25°C. The use of laser light as a monochromatic light source in the interferometer greatly simplified the procedure for obtaining diffusivity data from the interferometer. A novel design of a real image camera was employed to record the interferometric data. Values obtained from the interferometric data for low concentration (0-4 molar) aqueous urea solutions were within ±5% of literature values.The diffusion coefficient was found to decrease linearly with increasing concentration up to the saturation point of the aqueous urea solutions, and to decrease drastically with increasing concentration in the supersaturated region. This behavior is similar to that observed in liquid-liquid systems near the consolute point (Cussler, 1980). It is speculated that this phenomenon is a result of molecular aggregation of the urea molecules in supersaturated aqueous solutions. Very little experimental data have previously been obtained in the supersaturated region due to crystallization problems. Supersaturated diffusion coefficient data are important in the study and design of crystallization processes.The solid-solute-liquid solvent binary systems urea-water and sucrose-water were modeled as a saturated solution solute-liquid solvent system in order to test various concentration dependent diffusion relationships. Two of these relationships, the Vignes and Leffler-Cullinan equations, showed improved correlation with experimentally determined diffusivity data for aqueous urea and aqueous sucrose solutions at undersaturated conditions.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690280511
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of dissolution of alumina in acidic solution (1987)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 33 (1987), S. 267-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The dissolution kinetics of alumina in aqueous solution was studied in batch and continuous systems. Data were correlated by the kinetic equation C(t) = 1 - exp(-ktα). The parameter k was a function of temperature and acid concentration, while the parameter α remained constant.The temperature variation of k was accurately represented by an Arrhenius-type equation with a temperature coefficient, 18,200 kJ/kmol. The data obtained in batch experiments were free of mass transport and mixing effects. Adsorption-desorption equilibrium of hydrogen ion at the alumina surface was observed. The results supported postulated reactions reported in the literature for alumina dissolution. The basic features of the mechanism include hydration of the aluminum oxide surface, hydrogen ion adsorption followed by reaction to form a positively charged surface species [Al(OH)2+], formation of stable surface species [AlOOH and (Al(OH)2)2 SO4], and desorption of products.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690330213
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The formation of solvent inclusions during continuous msmpr crystallization (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1718-1720 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690311015
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water vapor diffusion in polymer networks (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1481-1484 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380918
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusion of gases in polymer blends near the lower critical solution temperature (1995)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 41 (1995), S. 166-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Gas diffusion through miscible blends of polystyrene (PS) with poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME) and poly(styrene-stat-acrylonitrile) (PSAN) with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is studied from temperatures below the corresponding lower critical solution temperature (LCST) to temperatures above. The Arrhenius equation describes the temperature dependence of diffusion coefficients of pure components. Diffusion coefficients of methane in the 20/80 PS/PVME blend also follow the Arrhenius equation in the temperature ranges above and below their corresponding LCST; however, discontinuity is observed in the LCST region. In contrast to the PS/PVME blend, discontinuity in the LCST region is not obvious for nitrogen and methane in the 50/50 PSAN/PMMA blend. These phenomena are discussed in terms of free volume and morphology changes in the LCST region.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690410116
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The diffusivity of potassium chloride and sodium chloride in concentrated, saturated, and supersaturated aqueous solutions (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 890-894 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The diffusion coefficients of potassium chloride and sodium chloride were measured in concentrated, saturated, and supersaturated solutions at 25°C employing Gouy interferometry. The results indicate a maximum in the diffusivity vs. concentration curve near saturation followed by a rapid decline in diffusivity toward zero with increasing concentration in the supersaturated region. This behavior supports the idea that the diffusion coefficient approaches zero at the spinodal concentration. The data were successfully correlated by modifying an empirical activity coefficient equation (Robinson and Stokes, 1955) to account for molecular cluster effects and employing the calculated activity coefficients along with a predictive equation for diffusivity in electrolytes (Robinson and Stokes, 1955).
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310603
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusional separation in ternary systems (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1747-1749 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690321020
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