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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Viscosity effect in polyolefin ternary blends and composites (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 48 (1993), S. 1271-1278 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Ternary blends of PP (80) /rubber (EPM, EPDM) (10) / PE (10) and PP (80) / rubber (10) / CaCO3 (10) composites were prepared in a twin-screw extruder. With polyethylene (PE) viscosity comparable to, or higher than that of rubber, the dispersed phase formed a reticulate structure with reduced size. On the contrary, when the viscosity of PE was significantly lower than that of rubber, the dispersed phase formed almost homogeneous morphology. With reticulate morphology, PE crystallinity content, hardness, modulus, and elongation at break of the ternary blend increased. In polypropylene (PP) / rubber / CaCO3 composites, better dispersion of CaCO3 in the PP matrix was obtained when the viscosity of rubber was significantly higher than that of matrix. With better dispersion, hardness and tensile properties were improved, but the impact strength more or less decreased. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070480715
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Morphology and performance of polysulfone hollow fiber membrane (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 49 (1993), S. 539-548 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Polysulfone hollow fiber membranes were prepared via the dry-wet spinning process from dope solutions comprised of polysulfone, n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, polyvinyl-2-pyrrolidone, and dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, sodium salt. Morphology and performance of the membranes were affected by the compositions of coagulant and dope solution. Pore size and the water flux of the membrane increased by the addition of dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, sodium salt to water in the coagulation bath, due to the changes of physicochemical properties of the outer coagulant. Addition of dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, sodium salt to the dope solution also increased the pore size. The absence of polyvinyl-2-pyrrolidone, the pore forming agent, in the dope solution resulted in a remarkable decrease of pore size of the membrane. The distance between the spinneret and coagulation bath affected the membrane structure and performance. The membranes prepared in this study were suitable for hemofiltration in terms of molecular weight cut-off characteristics. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070490317
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Properties and swelling characteristics of cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan blend membrane (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 45 (1992), S. 1711-1717 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Blend membrane consisting of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and chitosan was prepared from a solvent-casting technique and characterized for their intermolecular interactions using infrared and X-ray diffraction methods. Cross-linking the blend with glutaraldehyde produces a membrane with lower crystallinity and a smaller swelling degree, but having improved thermostability and mechanical properties. The present blend membrane shows a pH-dependent swelling characteristic and will be discussed in detail. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070451004
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis and photoelectrical properties of poly[2,6-(p-phenoxy)-4-phenylquinoline] (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 46 (1992), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: New heteroaromatic polymer containing quinoline unit in the main chain, poly[2,6-(p-phenoxy)-4-phenyl quinoline] (PQ), was synthesized by the acid-catalyzed self-condensation reaction [Friedländer quinoline synthesis] of 4-amino-4′-acetyl-3-benzoyldiphenyl ether, and its chemical structure was characterized by IR and NMR spectra and also by elemental analysis. The PQ was soluble in common organic solvents such as chloroform or tetrahydrofuran; thus a strong coherent film of this polymer could be easily prepared from the solution by the casting or spin-coating technique. Attributing to the wholly aromatic chemical structure, PQ appeared an extremely high thermal stability as to show no weight loss up to 550°C both in air and nitrogen atmosphere. From the UV-VIS absorption spectra, we found that PQ had a strong tendency to form the charge transfer (CT) complex with electron acceptors such as 2,4,7-trinitrofluorenone (TNF). The CT complex film of PQ-TNF showed a good photoconductivity even under the ambient room illumination and was utilized for the fabrication of photovoltaic device whose conversion efficiency was around 10-2%.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070460101
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of drying conditions on the glass transition of poly(acrylic acid) (1991)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 31 (1991), S. 867-872 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Systematic changes of drying conditions of poly(acrylic acid) were tested to study their effect on the glass transition of the material. The materials were synthesized in two different mediums of water and benzene, respectively. The glass transition temperatures of the samples were determined by thermal analysis using DSC. The samples were also characterized by IR spectra. The glass transition of poly(acrylic acid) was found to be significantly dependent on the drying conditions and also dependent on the medium in which poly(acrylic acid) was prepared. The anhydride formation in poly(acrylic acid) was increased as the drying temperature was raised, resulting in the increase of the glass transition temperature. The “bound” water involved in the preparation of poly(acrylic acid) in water medium could affect significantly the glass transition of the sample. A significant discrepancy in the previously reported values of the glass transition temperature of poly(acrylic acid) seems to be due to the differences in the drying conditions of the materials.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760311205
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Controlled release of riboflavin and insulin through crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan blend membrane (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 44 (1992), S. 1823-1828 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The permeation of riboflavin and insulin through poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and chitosan blend membrane was conducted. The permeability coefficients of both solutes through the crosslinked PVA and chitosan blend membrane were in the order of 10-6-10-7 cm3 cm/cm2s and showed a pH dependence. The pH-dependent permeation behavior was discussed in terms of water content and water structure inside of the swollen membrane. Riboflavin and insulin were presumed to permeate through the free water region in the swollen blend membrane. The DSC thermograms of these membranes indicated that the content of free water and the amount of freezing bound water increased with the water content in the membrane. The greater permeation rate of solutes in acidic solution rather than in neutral solution was due to an increase in both water content and the amount of free water and freezing bound water.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070441015
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reaction mechanisms of polyacrylonitrile on thermal treatment (1993)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 33 (1993), S. 1452-1457 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A high-temperature radical scavenger, 2,2-diphenyl-l-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), has been used to study the reaction mechanisms of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) on thermal treatment. The effect of DPPH on the cyclization reaction of PAN in both air and nitrogen, investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), helped to verify the proposed reaction mechanisms, i.e., the free radical and the ionic ones. For PAN homopolymer, the peak temperature of the reaction exotherm shifted to higher temperatures and the heat of reaction was decreased with increasing DPPH concentration. For PAN copolymer with methylacrylate and itaconic acid, however, the effects of DPPH on DSC thermograms were insignificant. The effects of IPPH suggest that the reaction of the nitrile groups proceeds by free radicals for the homopolymer while by ions for the copolymer. The activation energies for the thermal reactions of PAN in both air and nitrogen were also estimated by the dynamic DSC method, and they proved to be highly dependent on reaction mechanism, environment of thermal treatment, and DPPH concentration.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760332203
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Temperature dependence of the nucleation effect of sorbitol derivatives on polypropylene crystallization (1993)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 33 (1993), S. 1445-1451 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The temperature dependence of the nucleation effect of three sorbitol derivatives on the crystallization of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) was studied by means of isothermal crystallization kinetic analysis. Isothermal crystallization thermograms obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were analyzed based on the Avrami equation. The Avrami analysis for the nucleated iPP was carried out with DSC data collected to 35% relative crystallinity, and the rate constants were corrected assuming the heterogeneous nucleation and three dimensional growth of iPP spherulites. A semi-empirical equation for the radial growth rate of iPP spherulites was given as a function of temperature and was used to determine the number of effective nuclei at different temperatures. The number of effective nuclei in the nucleated samples was estimated to be 3 × 102 ∽ 105 times larger than that in the neat iPP. The logarithmic numbers of the effective nuclei decreased linearly with decreasing degree of supercooling in the range of crystallization temperatures tested. The temperature dependence of the effect of the nucleating agents on iPP crystallization was given quantitatively in terms of the deactivation factor defined as a fraction of the particles that are active at a particular temperature but inert at the temperature one degree higher. The nucleation activity and its temperature dependence are considered to be cooperative effects of many factors, including the dispersion and the physical or chemical nature of the agent as well as the interaction between the agent and the polymer. It is suggested that the temperature dependence of the effect of a nucleating agent should be treated as a characteristic of a given polymer/ nucleating agent mixture.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760332202
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystallization characteristics of isotactic polypropylene with and without nucleating agentsParts of this paper have been presented at the IUPAC international Symposium, Seoul, Korea, June 1989. (1991)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 31 (1991), S. 1009-1014 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Nucleation effects of two sorbitol derivatives on the crystallization of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) were studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized optical microscopy (POM). A nonisothermal crystallization kinetic equation was employed to analyze the crystallization characteristics of iPP with or without the nucleating agents from DSC crystallization thermograms. The equilibrium melting temperature of iPP necessary for the kinetic study was obtained by the extrapolation method to be 209°C. The nonisothermal crystallization kinetic analysis for the unnucleated iPP at different cooling rates was possible by assuming the spherulite growth initiated simultaneously by heterogeneous and homogeneous nucleation. On the other hand, the crystallization kinetics of the nucleated iPP could be described by the heterogeneous nucleation and growth process alone. The addition of the nucleating agents up to their saturation concentrations in iPP increased the crystallization peak temperature by 17°C, and the number of effective nuclei by three orders of magnitude. A high concentration of the nucleating agents caused agglomeration of the agents to lower the number of effective nuclei.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760311403
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Characterization of ultra low density polyethylenes (PE-ULD) (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 194 (1992), S. 91-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden die strukturellen, thermischen, rheologischen und molekularen Eigenschaften von Polyethylen ultraniedriger Dichte (PE-ULD) untersucht. Da PE-ULD hauptsächlich als Modifikator von anderen Polyolefinen verwendet wird, wurde das rheologische Verhalten besonders ausführlich untersucht.
    Notizen: Ultra low density polyethylene (PE-ULD), the newest and most recently commercialized member of polyethylene family, has been characterized in terms of structure, thermal and rheological properties, and molecular parameters. Since the prime use of PE-ULD is polyolefin modifier, emphasis is put on the melt rheology of the samples to provide data base for blending with other resins.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1992.051940108
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